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Promiscuous subunit interactions: a possible mechanism for the regulation of protein kinase CK2. 混杂亚基相互作用:蛋白激酶CK2调控的可能机制。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<129::aid-jcb17>3.3.co;2-g
C. Allende, J. Allende
{"title":"Promiscuous subunit interactions: a possible mechanism for the regulation of protein kinase CK2.","authors":"C. Allende, J. Allende","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<129::aid-jcb17>3.3.co;2-g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<129::aid-jcb17>3.3.co;2-g","url":null,"abstract":"Protein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous eukaryotic ser/thr protein kinase. The active holoenzyme is a heterotetrameric protein composed of catalytic (alpha and alpha') and regulatory (beta) subunits that phosphorylates many different protein substrates and appears to be involved in the regulation of cell division. Despite important structural studies, the intimate details of the interactions of the alpha catalytic subunits with the beta regulatory subunits are unknown. Recent evidence that indicates that both CK2 subunits can interact promiscuously with other proteins in a manner that excludes the binding of their complementary CK2 partners has opened the possibility that the phosphorylating activity of this enzyme may be regulated in a novel way. These alternative interactions could limit the in vivo availability of CK2 subunits to generate fully active holoenzyme CK2 tetramers. Likewise, variations in the ratio of alpha- and beta-subunits could determine the activity of several phosphorylating and dephosphorylating activities. The promiscuity of the CK2 subunits can be extrapolated to a more widespread phenomenon in which \"wild-card\" proteins could act as general switches by interacting and regulating several catalytic activities.","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 17","pages":"129-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50636997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Macromolecular exchanges between the nucleus and cytoplasm. 细胞核和细胞质之间的大分子交换。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<214::aid-jcb26>3.3.co;2-p
C. Feldherr
{"title":"Macromolecular exchanges between the nucleus and cytoplasm.","authors":"C. Feldherr","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<214::aid-jcb26>3.3.co;2-p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<214::aid-jcb26>3.3.co;2-p","url":null,"abstract":"The control of transcription and translation is of fundamental importance in cell biology. In this regard, the nuclear envelope is in a unique position to contribute to the regulation of these events, by directing macromolecular exchanges between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Such exchanges occur through the nuclear pore complexes, mainly by signal-mediated processes. Different signals are required for import and export. Specific cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors initially bind the signal-containing substrate, and the complex subsequently interacts with the pores. Additional factors then assist in translocation across the envelope. Current research is focused mainly on further characterization of transport receptors, translocation factors, as well as components of the nuclear pore complex, i.e., the nucleoporins. The ultimate goal is to understand the molecular interactions that occur among the different components of the transport apparatus, the energy sources for transport, and how variations in transport capacity are generated.","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 20","pages":"214-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50637121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bone stem cells. 骨干细胞。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<73::aid-jcb11>3.3.co;2-c
J. Aubin
{"title":"Bone stem cells.","authors":"J. Aubin","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<73::aid-jcb11>3.3.co;2-c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<73::aid-jcb11>3.3.co;2-c","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoblasts are the skeletal cells responsible for synthesis, deposition, and mineralization of the extracellular matrix of bone. By mechanisms that are only beginning to be understood, stem and primitive osteoprogenitors and related mesenchymal precursors arise in the embryo and at least some appear to persist in the adult organism, where they contribute to replacement of osteoblasts in bone turnover and in fracture healing. In this paper, the nature of these cells, whether they constitute a stem cell pool or a committed progenitor pool, and aspects of their apparent plasticity are discussed. Current understanding of differential expression of osteoblast-associated genes during osteoprogenitor proliferation and differentiation to mature matrix synthesizing osteoblasts is summarized. Finally, evidence is discussed that supports the hypothesis that the mature osteoblast phenotype is heterogeneous with subpopulations of osteoblasts expressing only subsets of the known osteoblast markers, raising also the possibility of multiple parallel differentiation pathways and perhaps even different progenitor pools.","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 22","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50637780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DNA vaccines: vector design, delivery, and antigen presentation. DNA疫苗:载体设计、递送和抗原呈递。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
D M Feltquate
{"title":"DNA vaccines: vector design, delivery, and antigen presentation.","authors":"D M Feltquate","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inoculations with antigen-expressing plasmid DNAs (DNA vaccines) in the production of protective immune responses. Since the initial development of DNA vaccines more than 5 years ago, major strides have been made in the design of efficient vaccine vectors and in the process of vaccine delivery. However, many questions remain regarding the mechanism of cellular transfection and in the development of immune responses. This review addresses functional aspects of DNA vaccines, including vector design and delivery, as well as cellular transfection and antigen presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"304-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20798868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The new paradigm: integrating genomic function and nuclear architecture. 新的范例:整合基因组功能和核结构。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
R Berezney, X Wei
{"title":"The new paradigm: integrating genomic function and nuclear architecture.","authors":"R Berezney,&nbsp;X Wei","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new view of the cell nucleus is emerging based on the functional dynamics of nuclear architecture. The striking structural preservation of a variety of genomic processes on the nuclear matrix provides an important approach for correlating nuclear form and function. In situ labeling coupled with three-dimensional microscopy and computer imaging techniques shows that DNA replication and transcription sites are organized into higher-order units, or \"zones,\" in the cell nucleus. The dynamic interplay and \"re-zoning\" of replication and transcription regions during the cell cycle may form the structural basis for the elaborate global coordination of replicational and transcriptional programs in the mammalian cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"238-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
G-protein regulatory pathways: rocketing into the twenty-first century. g蛋白调控途径:飞速进入21世纪。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
C Knall, G L Johnson
{"title":"G-protein regulatory pathways: rocketing into the twenty-first century.","authors":"C Knall,&nbsp;G L Johnson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex cellular responses involve the integration of heterotrimeric G protein systems with protein kinase signal transduction pathways. Key in this integration is the control of small GTP-binding proteins including Ras and Rho family members. In this paper, we discuss the control of signal transduction pathways by G proteins and their integration with specific tyrosine kinases. The integration of G proteins, kinases, and small GTP-binding proteins in controlling cellular responses is illustrated through the newly defined G alpha 12/13-regulated pathways. Furthermore, the polymorphonuclear leukocyte provides a primary cell system for analyzing the integration of G proteins, kinases, and small GTP-binding proteins in controlling cellular functions such as superoxide production, adherence, chemotaxis, and granule secretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"137-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peroxisomes in lipid metabolism. 脂质代谢中的过氧化物酶体。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
U Seedorf
{"title":"Peroxisomes in lipid metabolism.","authors":"U Seedorf","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene targeting and the elucidation of mutations underlying inherited peroxisomal diseases have provided new insights in peroxisomal lipid metabolism in vivo. The work led to the identification of a novel peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway and established clearly that genes, which are required for efficient peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids, at the same time are key regulators of PPAR alpha function in vivo. The new mouse models may provide helpful tools in the search for unknown natural PPAR alpha agonists and in screening for in vivo PPAR alpha antagonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"158-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulation of intracellular membrane interactions: recent progress in the field of neurotransmitter release. 细胞膜内相互作用的调节:神经递质释放领域的最新进展。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<103::aid-jcb14>3.3.co;2-0
M. Burger, T. Schäfer
{"title":"Regulation of intracellular membrane interactions: recent progress in the field of neurotransmitter release.","authors":"M. Burger, T. Schäfer","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<103::aid-jcb14>3.3.co;2-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<103::aid-jcb14>3.3.co;2-0","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of compartmental independence and diversity is part of the blueprint of the eukaryotic cell. The molecular composition of every organelle membrane is custom tailored to fulfill its unique tasks. It is retained by strict sorting and directional transport of newly synthesized cellular components by the use of specific transport vesicles. Temporally and spatially controlled membrane fission and fusion steps thus represent the basic process for delivery of both, membrane-bound and soluble components to their appropriate destination. This process is fundamental to cell growth, organelle inheritance during cell division, uptake and intracellular transport of membrane-bound and soluble molecules, and neuronal communication. The latter process has become one of the best studied examples in terms of regulatory mechanisms of membrane interactions. It has been dissected into the stages of transmitter vesicle docking, priming, and fusion: Specificity of membrane interactions depends on interactions between sets of organelle-specific membrane proteins. Priming of the secretory apparatus is an ATP-dependent process involving proteins and membrane phospholipids. Release of vesicle content is triggered by a rise in intracellular free Ca2+ levels that relieves a block previously established between the membranes poised to fuse. Neurotransmitter release is a paradigm of highly regulated intracellular membrane interaction and molecular mechanisms for this phenomenon begin to be delineated.","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 15","pages":"103-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50636939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Oligosaccharide signaling of plant cells. 植物细胞的低聚糖信号传导。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<123::aid-jcb16>3.3.co;2-p
M. Etzler
{"title":"Oligosaccharide signaling of plant cells.","authors":"M. Etzler","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<123::aid-jcb16>3.3.co;2-p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1998)72:30/31+<123::aid-jcb16>3.3.co;2-p","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of oligosaccharide signals have been identified that function in the regulation of plant development, defense, and other interactions of plants with the environment. Some of these oligosaccharides are produced by various pathogens or symbionts, whereas others are synthesized by the plant itself. This mini-review summarizes our present state of information on these oligosaccharide signals and provides an overview of approaches being used to identify receptors for these signals and gain an understanding of the mechanism(s) by which these signals activate downstream events. Possible biotechnological applications of future work in this field are also considered.","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":" 24","pages":"123-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50636990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Linkages of nuclear architecture to biological and pathological control of gene expression. 核结构与基因表达的生物和病理控制的联系。
Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement Pub Date : 1998-01-01
G S Stein, A J van Wijnen, J L Stein, J B Lian, S M Pockwinse, S McNeil
{"title":"Linkages of nuclear architecture to biological and pathological control of gene expression.","authors":"G S Stein,&nbsp;A J van Wijnen,&nbsp;J L Stein,&nbsp;J B Lian,&nbsp;S M Pockwinse,&nbsp;S McNeil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional interrelationships between components of nuclear architecture and control of gene expression are becoming increasingly evident. There is growing appreciation that multiple levels of nuclear organization integrate the regulatory cues that support activation and suppression of genes as well as the processing of gene transcripts. The linear organization of genes and promoter elements provide the potential for responsiveness to physiological regulatory signals. Parameters of chromatin structure and nucleosome organization support synergism between activities at independent regulatory sequences and render promoter elements accessible or refractory to transcription factors. Association of genes, transcription factors, and the machinery for transcript processing with the nuclear matrix facilitates fidelity of gene expression within the three-dimensional context of nuclear architecture. Mechanisms must be defined that couple nuclear morphology with enzymatic parameters of gene expression. The recent characterization of factors that mediate chromatin remodeling and intranuclear targeting signals that direct transcription factors to subnuclear domains where gene expression occurs, reflect linkage of genetic and structural components of transcriptional control. Nuclear reorganization and aberrant intranuclear trafficking of transcription factors for developmental and tissue-specific control that occurs in tumor cells and in neurological disorders provides a basis for high resolution diagnostic and targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77196,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement","volume":"30-31 ","pages":"220-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20800002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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