Image--the journal of nursing scholarship最新文献_第3页

Slow growth in the United States of the number of minorities in the RN workforce. 美国注册护士中少数族裔的数量增长缓慢。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00464.x

P I Buerhaus, D Auerbach

{"title":"Slow growth in the United States of the number of minorities in the RN workforce.","authors":"P I Buerhaus, D Auerbach","doi":"10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00464.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00464.x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the extent to which the number of minority RNs has grown during the past 20 years, and to identify and compare key trends in personal and professional characteristics among minority groups and between minority and majority populations of RNs. Nursing education programs, employers, philanthropic organizations, and governments have expended considerable effort and resources to increase the number of minorities in nursing.Design: Longitudinal analysis of trends in the number, education, employment, and earnings of minority RNs from 1977 to 1997.Methods: Descriptive analysis of data from the U.S. National Sample Surveys of the Population of Registered Nurses, 1977-1996; and data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group Annual Merged Files, 1977-1997.Findings: In the past 20 years, the number of minority RNs has grown from 87,386 (or 6.3% of the total supply of RNs) in 1977 to 246,364 RNs (9.7%) in 1996. The number of Black (nonHispanic), Asian Pacific/Islanders, and American Indian/Alaskan Native nurses nearly tripled in this period while the number of Hispancis doubled. Although these rates of growth are impressive, the percentage of minorities in nursing lags considerably behind the percentage (18.3%) who are teachers, and the percentage (28.2%) in the U.S. population.Conclusions: Studies are needed to determine the barriers that exist in nursing education programs, health care organizations, and society in general that deter minorities from a nursing career. Without this understanding, efforts to design and implement ideas to attract, educate, and retain minorities in nursing education and later in the workplace are hampered.","PeriodicalId":77169,"journal":{"name":"Image--the journal of nursing scholarship","volume":"31 2","pages":"179-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00464.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21247842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Ethnomethodologic analysis of accounts of feeding demented residents in long-term care. 长期护理中痴呆居民喂养记录的民族方法学分析。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00447.x

C A Pierson

{"title":"Ethnomethodologic analysis of accounts of feeding demented residents in long-term care.","authors":"C A Pierson","doi":"10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00447.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00447.x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe the self-organizing activities and the unspoken knowledge that nursing assistants employ in performing the work of feeding as a routine part of their activities. In U.S. long-term care facilities, activities related to medical and nursing care are frequently based on the ability of nursing assistants to successfully accomplish the work of feeding. Nurses are not always aware of the difficulties involved in feeding nor the means by which food is offered and intake calculated.Design: Qualitative phenomenologic.Methods: Observations were conducted during 12 weekday mealtimes, October and November 1994. Data were collected using participant observation of mealtimes in the congregate dining room of one licensed long-term care facility. Data were analyzed using the framework of ethnomethodology to indicate the methods nursing assistants used to make sense of their interactions with demented residents.Findings: Nursing assistants used several common behaviors: grouping the \"difficult feeders\" together; \"marking the borders\" by maintaining a tidy tray; and \"loading the spoon\" to maximize the amount of food given at one time. Estimations of the quantity of intake varied according to ideas about the nutritional content of various foods.Conclusions: Unsuccessful feeding interactions have implications for the quality of life for the demented. When inadequate intake leads to significant weight loss, medical and nursing interventions should be implemented.","PeriodicalId":77169,"journal":{"name":"Image--the journal of nursing scholarship","volume":"31 2","pages":"127-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00447.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21248519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Nursing research and priorities in Africa, Asia, and Europe. 非洲、亚洲和欧洲的护理研究和重点。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01263.x

B M Henry, W Y Chang

引用次数: 7

ND model is the future. ND模式是未来。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01252.x

J Watson

引用次数: 0

Middle-range theory of chronic sorrow. 慢性悲伤的中庸理论。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01276.x

G G Eakes, M L Burke, M A Hainsworth

{"title":"Middle-range theory of chronic sorrow.","authors":"G G Eakes, M L Burke, M A Hainsworth","doi":"10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01276.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01276.x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To introduce a middle-range nursing theory of chronic sorrow that presents this sorrow as a normal response to ongoing disparity due to loss. Chronic sorrow is the periodic recurrence of permanent, pervasive sadness or other grief related feelings associated with a significant loss. The theory provides a framework for understanding and working with people following a single or ongoing loss.Organizing framework: The model of chronic sorrow includes antecedents, trigger events, and internal and external management methods.Scope: Theory is useful for analyzing individual responses of people experiencing ongoing disparity due to chronic illness, caregiving responsibilities, loss of the \"perfect\" child, or bereavement.Sources: The theory was developed using concept analysis, critical review of research, and validation in 10 qualitative studies of various loss situations.Conclusions: Chronic sorrow has been shown to explain the experience of people across the lifespan who encounter ongoing disparity because of significant loss. Nurses need to view chronic sorrow as a normal response to loss and, when it is triggered, provide support by fostering positive coping strategies and assuming roles that increase comfort.","PeriodicalId":77169,"journal":{"name":"Image--the journal of nursing scholarship","volume":"30 2","pages":"179-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01276.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20688493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 156

Vulnerability as a key to authenticity. 脆弱是真实的关键。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01279.x

L E Daniel

引用次数: 55

Research instrumentation and elderly subjects. 研究仪器和老年受试者。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01278.x

I Burnside, S Preski, J E Hertz

{"title":"Research instrumentation and elderly subjects.","authors":"I Burnside, S Preski, J E Hertz","doi":"10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01278.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01278.x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To address instrumentation problems in conducting research with elderly subjects.Scope: The needs of older adults are considered with regard to instrument selection. Techniques for pretesting instruments are provided through illustrations from research reports and instrument development. Types of instruments are evaluated for use with older adults and methods for strengthening their applicability are provided.Significance: Instrument development is sorely needed in gerontological research. Many of the instruments currently used to study elderly subjects lack adequate testing for applicability with old and very old populations. Knowledge about instrumentation can help researchers choose appropriate instruments for elderly subjects and strive to balance subject capacity and the demands of research.Conclusions: Four factors for consideration in selecting research instruments for use with older adults include subject (a) fatigue, (b) anxiety, (c) ethnic background, and (d) education. These factors are not adequately addressed in the current literature. Certain types of instruments may be more useful than others in studying the elderly.","PeriodicalId":77169,"journal":{"name":"Image--the journal of nursing scholarship","volume":"30 2","pages":"185-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01278.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20688496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Postpartum onset of panic disorder. 产后发作的恐慌症。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01267.x

C T Beck

{"title":"Postpartum onset of panic disorder.","authors":"C T Beck","doi":"10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01267.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01267.x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe the experience of panic disorder in mothers during the postpartum period. The onset of panic disorder during the postpartum period has recently been reported. Clinicians are urged to differentiate between the more widely known presentation of postpartum depression and the newly reported postpartum panic disorder.Design: Phenomenology. The purposive sample consisted of six women with panic disorder during the postpartum period.Methods: In 1995, mothers were interviewed regarding their experiences with panic. The verbatim transcripts of these interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. In all, 214 statements regarding mothers' experiences of panic were extracted and clustered into six themes.Findings: Panic during the postpartum period seriously complicated mothers' lives as they struggled to maintain their composure during panic attacks. As a result of recurring panic attacks, negative changes in women's lifestyles ensued stripping them of their self-esteem and leaving them to bear the burden of disappointing not only themselves, but also their families.Clinical implications: Implications for nursing practice with mothers suffering from postpartum onset of panic disorder can be derived from each one of the six themes. Nurses can help women identify panic triggers to help prevent further panic attacks. Also, nursing interventions can target the guilt mothers experience over repeatedly disappointing themselves and their families.","PeriodicalId":77169,"journal":{"name":"Image--the journal of nursing scholarship","volume":"30 2","pages":"131-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01267.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20688624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Nurses should take the high road to serve public need. 护士应该高尚地服务于公众的需要。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01258.x

C Gunther

引用次数: 0

Racial and gender differences in quality of life following kidney transplantation. 肾移植术后生活质量的种族和性别差异。

Image--the journal of nursing scholarship Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01266.x

C D Johnson, M N Wicks, J Milstead, M Hartwig, D K Hathaway

{"title":"Racial and gender differences in quality of life following kidney transplantation.","authors":"C D Johnson, M N Wicks, J Milstead, M Hartwig, D K Hathaway","doi":"10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01266.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01266.x","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine if race or gender affected changes in quality of life (QoL) reported by nondiabetic kidney transplant recipients from pre- to 6 and 12 months post-transplant and offer possible explanations. Information gained may offer direction for interventions designed to enhance post-transplant QoL for patients who may be less likely to attain improved outcomes.Design: Descriptive, prospective clinical study. A convenience sample of 90 male and female Caucasian-American and African-American patients was used. Patients were 19 to 67 years of age, nondiabetic, and undergoing kidney transplantation at one university hospital located in the southern United States. Data were collected 1990 to 1995.Methods: Three questionnaires measuring QoL were used: the Sickness Impact Profile, Ferrans and Powers' Quality of Life Index, and the Adult Self-Image Scales. Patients completed questionnaires at the time of transplant and at their routine 6- and 12-month post-transplant evaluation visits. Repeated measures analysis of variance with multiple pre-planned comparisons of least-squares (LS) means were performed to determine if differences existed between and within study groups over time.Findings: African-Americans achieved less improvement than Caucasian-Americans in affective as well as functional measures of QoL. Women scored consistently lower than men on most QoL measures at baseline and reported greater improvement in functional ability while perceptions of self-image remained low.Conclusions: Although transplantation dramatically improves QoL, some segments of the patient population, namely African-Americans and women, do not benefit to the same extent as others. Nurses need to recognize sociocultural differences in patients and how these differences affect care requirements.","PeriodicalId":77169,"journal":{"name":"Image--the journal of nursing scholarship","volume":"30 2","pages":"125-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01266.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20688623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 70