American Journal of Experimental Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"BIODIGESTION EFFECTS OF COW DUNG, POULTRY DROPPINGS AND MAIZE COBS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE EFFLUENTS","authors":"M. S. Chomini, V. I. Joshua","doi":"10.47672/AJA.436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/AJA.436","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess its effects on microbial community, biogas yield and some physico-chemical properties of the effluents. Methodology: Triplicate slurries of each of the biomass were separately loaded into locally constructed batch-reactor systems, under strict anaerobic condition and kept for eight(8) week retention period. Separate treatment fractions were subjected to standard methods to determine their microbial contents before and during anaerobic digestion (AD). Weekly variations in temperature and weight were followed during the retention period.Findings: The microbial isolates included 7fungal species, Six (6) non-methanogens, four (4) methanogens and two (2) yeasts. Only Chaetomium thermophile, Aspergillus fumigates and Aspergillus nidulans were isolated at the 5th WOD. The methanogens were predominantly present throughout the digestion period, with increased frequency of occurrence ranging from 50-100%. There was a general % reduction in total viable counts for all microbial isolates, except for the methanogens, with %increase ranging from 83.48% -205.42%. Treatments E(2961.0ml) and B(1713.2ml) had the highest and lowest significant(p < 0.05) cumulative biogas production, with the co-substrates yielding more than the mono-substrates. All treatments showed progressive temperature rise and average weight loss, which suddenly dropped after the 6th and 4th WOD respectively, with the average weight loss ranging from 23.7±1.9 to 34.3±4.6.Contribution to theory, practice and policy: There was a strong positive correlation between gas production and weight loss as well as with temperature variation. This initiative engendered alternative energy source, agro-wastes management, while ensuring sustainable environmental rejuvenation.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82635617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING SUPPLY OF AGRICULTURAL INPUTS BY NON STATE ACTORS: A CASE OF SELECTED NON STATE ACTORS IN LAIKIPIA COUNTY, KENYA","authors":"Susan Maina, Leonard Wambua","doi":"10.47672/aja.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.196","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting sustainable supply of agricultural inputs in Kenya.Methodology: Descriptive research design and correlational research design was employed. The target population comprised of employees from 5(five) NGOs in Laikipia County which are involved in agricultural support work. The sample size was 83 respondents. This study used stratified random sampling. Primary data was utilized in this study. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis. The statistics generated were frequencies, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.Results: Regression results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between technology’s related factors, private sector input financing factors, agricultural market information systems factors and sustainable agricultural input supply.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends improving the efficiency of credit systems, encouraging farmers to join cooperatives to reduce dependency, Apex body to help with the coordination of market activities and Development and extension of rural services","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73415539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coring method of sampling potato tubers to detect ralstonia solanacearum.","authors":"Lilian A Okiro, S. Nyanjom, M. Parker","doi":"10.9734/JEAI/2016/28550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/JEAI/2016/28550","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is considered among the most damaging diseases of potato in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, majority of farmers visually select and save seed from harvested potato tubers and reuse the same tubers for several seasons. Latently infected seed tubers which cannot be identified by visual inspection during certification further compounds the situation compelling the need for laboratory testing. The study evaluated the effectiveness of coring tuber samples to improve sampling efficiency for onward laboratory diagnosis. In this study, the coring method of sampling potato tubers for detection R. solanacearum was evaluated. Coring involves taking multiple tuber samples direct from the stolon attachment site into a collection tube containing extraction buffer that provides the extract for further diagnostic tests. Coring was assessed using field samples from different potato growing regions of Kenya including, Koibatek, Method Article Okiro et al.; JEAI, 14(3): 1-6, 2016; Article no.JEAI.28550 2 Molo, Uasin Gishu, Bungoma and Kisii and tested using Nitrocellulose Membrane (NCM) ELISA. These results were compared to PCR, qPCR and LAMP. Coring method was statistically reliable (p>0.05) when compared to the standard sampling method used in Kenya to detect R. solanacearum. The coring of potato tubers is a reliable and quicker method of sampling that reduces the turnaround time of testing hence improving efficiency.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81280882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE OF TANA RIVER COUNTY IN KENYA","authors":"Victor Nguma Muindi, J. Rugami","doi":"10.47672/aja.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.74","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of the Agricultural Sector Development Strategy on agricultural productivity in Tana River County.Methodology: This study employed descriptive survey design since it is an efficient method of collecting data as it involved studying large and small population. It targeted the sixty eight (68) technical staff members in the agriculture sector in Tana River County as its population. A census was used since the population was small. The study utilised questionnaires with both open and close ended questions for collection of data where the drop and pick method was used to administer the same.Results: The study found that climate change response, agribusiness and market access, agricultural extension services and access to agricultural credit positively and significantly influences agricultural productivity.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Tana River County should implement agricultural extension services by ensuring there is enough staff in the county who are regularly capacity building so as to improve the agricultural productivity of the county.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82178086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION AND FOOD SECURITY AMONG PERIURBAN HOUSEHOLD: THE CASE OF HORO WOREDA OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATES, ETHIOPIA","authors":"T. Duressa, T. Lemma","doi":"10.47672/aja.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.73","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to assess the livelihood diversification and food security among peri urban households the case of Horo districts. Methodology: Multi stage sampling techniques was used to selected sample respondents. Four peri urban kebele were randomly selected based on 10 km radius of the shambu and sekela towns out of the existing 22 kebeles. Based on proportional sampling size 146 respondents were selected. Data was collected using key informant interview, focus group discussion and interview schedule. Both descriptive and econometric data analysis techniques were applied.Results: The descriptive statistical revealed that human capital variables: family size, educational level, age, sex, and land size. Binary logistic regression model result indicates that educational level, land size livelihood diversification have significantly and positive influencing household food security. Whereas household age, sex, frequency of extension agents contact, use of agricultural technologies and market distance has significant negative influence of household food security in the study area at different significant levels. The man identified constraints these households encounter with various livelihood to meet household needs lack of assets, loss of farm lands for housing purposes and unfavorable climate conditions. The result also indicates that 24.65% of households interviewed have food insecure.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Food security situation with in the study area there is not chronic problems as historical but there are bad situations. There is towards their assertion is that they focused only on food availability without touching to access and use. They have implemented policies including food security demonstration to help recover the situation.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74614395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Integrated Straw Formulations on Lowland Rice Field Organic Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Using CCAFS-MOT Model in Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"Y. S. Koglo, A. Abdulkadir, D. Feliciano, A. Okhimamhe","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/27088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/27088","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to determine the short term effects during off-season of pre-wetted straw and urea incorporation on lowland rice field soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions using climate change adaptation food security mitigation option tool (CCAFS-MOT) model. Study Design: The experiment was performed using a Randomized Complete Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: Nigeria, Niger State, Bida local Government from April to July 2015. Original Research Article Koglo et al.; AJEA, 13(5): 1-11, 2016; Article no.AJEA.27088 2 Methodology: Integrated formulations of rice straw and urea at different rates respectively: 2, 3 and 4 t/ha and 25, 50 and 75 kg/ha were used with one check plot (C) (without straw and urea). The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design, and ten (10) integrated formulations (treatments) were used with four (04) replications. Each replication, was made of ten (10) plots giving a total number of forty (40) plots. The effect of treatments on the following variables; Soil Organic Carbon Density Gain per Year (SOCDG/year, kg/ha) and GHGs emissions (kg/ha) were determined in order to identify the best treatments. Data collected were analyzed using GenStat 16.2 and CCAFS-MOT 1.0 for SOC balance. Matlab 11.0 and Excel 2013 were also used for data processing and graphs. Significance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test were performed at 95%. Results: Results indicated significance difference of treatments on each parameter evaluated. SOCDG increase is function of the quantity of straw and urea incorporated (Fpr. <0.001). Moreover, the study revealed three best treatments (T2, T4 and T5). Their responses (TR, %) to Soil Organic Carbon Density Gain per Year (SOCDG/year, kg/ha) have increased up to 43%. Potential carbon sequestration estimated by the CCAFS-MOT was about 44.4% for the improved practices identified with 0% methane emission and scanty nitrous oxide emission up to 31.3%. These results give strong evidence concerning the use of pre-wetted technique as panacea to both mitigate climate change and enhance croplands productivity and resilience to these changes in Niger State, Nigeria. Conclusion: Pre-wetted straw and urea application can help to deplete greenhouse gas emission and enhance carbon on agricultural lands. However, additional trials are needed before validation of the method under different agro ecological conditions in west African zones.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89761428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Problems of Turkish Farmers","authors":"Zeynep Özbilge","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/24629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/24629","url":null,"abstract":"Turkish farmers who engage in soil cultivation have to face a number of serious problems, ranging from the loss of agricultural land to climate change. Moreover, they cannot earn a living from agriculture due to high production costs, intermediation system in the trade of agricultural products and insufficient financial support. The price increases in chemical fertilizers range from 55% to 82% while the price increase in diesel oil is 47% in the 2010 2014 period. However, the increase in area-based financial support is only 29% in the same period. Therefore, it is required that the state takes all measures to resolve the problems of Turkish farmers. Preventing the misuse of agricultural land as well as its use for non-agricultural purposes, updating financial support for agriculture with respect to the price increases in agricultural inputs and developing a new agricultural policy which will focus on climate change are only some of the measures which should be implemented without delay in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"362 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76422192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Response and Nutrient Utilization of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Fed Differently Processed Sunflower (Helianthus annuus Linnaeus) Seed Meal-Based Diets","authors":"A. Falaye, S. A. Adesina, S. Olusola","doi":"10.9734/ajea/2016/6207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2016/6207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72930061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparation of Diets Used for Larviculture of Meagre ( Argyrosomus regius Asso1801)","authors":"N. Gültepe, Hakan Galip Dorlay, M. Gültepe, O. Kesbiç, Ümit Acar, Ferhat Yalgin","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/23259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/23259","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation compared the suitability of different diets for larviculture of meagre ( Argyrosomus regius ). For this purpose, wild fish were caught with longline and subsequently fed either a commercial diet or a mollusc diet. After two years, there was a significant difference between the two diets in the body weight but not the survival rate of the fish ( P<0.05). Both the weight gain and the FCR were significantly higher in fish that were fed the commercial diet compared with those fed Original Research Article","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78473202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Facultative Apomixis in Fluted Pumpkin ( Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) through Emasculation Method","authors":"Lawrence Stephen Fayeun, D. K. Ojo, A. Odiyi, A. M. Adebisi, L. Hammed, A. Omikunle","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/15261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/15261","url":null,"abstract":"Apomixis is seed and embryo formation without fertilization. A study was carried out from August, 2012 to May, 2014 in order to investigate the possibility of occurrence of apomixis in fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F.) using emasculation method. Five genotypes of fluted pumpkin were used. Ten plants from each genotype were planted out in a screened environment at the Original Research Article Fayeun et al.; AJEA, 10(1): 1-10, 2016; Article no.AJEA.15261 2 department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure. The crop being dioecious, all the male plants were emasculated (by total removal from the site) as soon as they were noticed, leaving only the female plants. Seeds obtained from the fruits of isolated female plants were later subjected to viability test. After several weeks of flowering, flowers and developing ovaries abortion, they eventually set fruits. All the genotypes produced fruits (one or two) though at different times. Both apomictic and parthenocarpic fruits were produced. The seeds obtained from the apomictic fruits of all the genotypes had high seedling emergence percentage and good seedling vigour. Apomictic fruits, seeds and seedlings were similar to those of sexually produced fruits. The observed facultative apomixis could be as a result of natural selection. This study confirms that apomictic form of reproduction occurs naturally in fluted pumpkin. Facultative apomixis in the fluted pumpkin is being reported for the first time and its implication in the genetic improvement of the crop is discussed.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84584351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}