American Journal of Experimental Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Adoption of Supplementary Feeding in Smallholder Dairy Cattle Production in Mbarara District","authors":"Gilbert Twesigye, E. Ssemakula, B. D. Bahame","doi":"10.47672/aja.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.1069","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study sought to assess the level of adoption of supplementary feeding, associated socioeconomic factors and the relationship between supplementary feeding and dairy cattle production among smallholder dairy farmers in Mbarara District. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a mixed approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 198 smallholder farmers and 12 key informants using a semi-structured interview guide and key informant interview guide respectively. Cluster sampling was used to divide the target population into clusters and then selected elements from each cluster using Simple Random Sampling technique. Collected data was compiled, sorted, and entered into Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSSv26.0) for analysis. \u0000Findings: The study revealed that 81.3% of smallholder farmers adopted supplementary feeding. However, the level of supplementary feeding varied among smallholder farmers of different socioeconomic characteristics. Basically, there was low level of adoption of supplementary feeding among farmers with few household members, having little knowledge about supplementary feeding and little funds to finance the costs involved in application of supplementary feeds. In relation to dairy cattle production, there was a positive significant relationship between the level of adoption of supplementary feeding and milk yield. \u0000Unique contribution to practice and policy: This study suggests to policy makers and other relevant authorities to formulate polices that emphasize adoption of supplementary feeding among dairy farmers in order to increase milk production in cattle.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86607400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient Digestibility Coefficient of West African Dwarf Goat Fed Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Ensiled with Varying Levels of Cassava Peel and Brewers Dried Grain.","authors":"R. Binuomote, V. Ayantoye, D. O. Fasesan, P. M. Ojedokun","doi":"10.47672/aja.1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.1031","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the digestibility of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats offered Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ensiled with varying levels of Cassava peel (CP) and Brewers dried grain (BDG). \u0000Methodology: Eighteen West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were used for the study. The goats were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments namely; T1 (100% Elephant grass); T2 (60% Elephant grass + 0% CP + 40% BDG); T3 (60% Elephant grass + 10% CP + 30% BDG); T4 (60% Elephant grass + 20% CP + 20% BDG); T5 (60% Elephant grass + 30% CP + 10% BDG) and T6 (60% Elephant grass + 40% CP + 0% BDG) in a completely randomized design. \u0000Findings: Data collected revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in all the chemical composition parameters except for ether extract. The highest DM (51.80%), CP (18.20%), and EE (3.85%) were observed among animals exposed to T2 diet, NDF (64.25%) and ADF (32.33%) were observed among animals in diet T1. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) in all the nutrient digestibility parameters except for the crude protein and acid detergent lignin. Animals fed T2 diet had the highest DM (70.76%) and CP digestibility (76.16%), while highest NDF (65.39%) and ADL (59.51%) were recorded in animals fed T1. There were significant difference (p>0.05) among the nitrogen utilization variables observed except feacal and urinary nitrogen output. Goats fed T2 recorded the highest nitrogen retention (95.55%). \u0000Recommendation: It can be recommended that Elephant grass ensiled with cassava peel and brewers dried grain can be used as potential sources of supplementing ruminant feeding most especially during the dry season as it enhanced nutrient digestibility and utilization","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76346997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UTILISATION OF BIODEGRADABLE SOLID WASTE TO BOOST CROP PRODUCTION AMONG FARMERS IN MBARARA CITY, SOUTH WESTERN UGANDA","authors":"Naboth Twesigye, M. Twinamatsiko, W. Tumwesigye","doi":"10.47672/aja.948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.948","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Determining the utilisation of biodegradable solid waste in boosting crop productivity among farmers in Mbarara City. \u0000Methodology: Mixed methods were used with simple random sampling and purposive sampling to obtain 111 and 31 respondents respectively - altogether constituting 142 respondents. Data was collected from the respondents using a questionnaire and an interview guide. The study adopted both descriptive and correlational data analysis. \u0000Findings: The study identified some practices that were used in managing biodegradable solid waste for application in boosting crop productivity among farmers in Mbarara city. These were communal collection, door-to-door collection, and others like roadside dumping and dustbins. The application of biodegradable solid waste in boosting crop productivity among farmers of Mbarara city was found to be relatively low, notwithstanding the fact that for those who applied the biodegradable solid waste in farming, it increased crops yields. The study further identified compositing of biodegradable solid waste as the main innovative strategy for proper utilization of solid wastes towards crop productivity. This was because the strategy is environmentally friendly at the same time it enriches the soil with both soil and crop growth support nutrients. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: A strong cooperation between the community and the city council authorities should be cultivated for purposes of enhancing community participation in the management of biodegradable solid waste hence enhancing food crop production in the area. There is also need to explore the opportunities of reducing, reusing, recycling and rethinking and composting in waste management among urban communities to minimize waste and increase economic benefits. Successfully adoption of sustainable methods of waste management by the communities can be done by making awareness programmes simple and accessible to change the mind-set of urban residents to perceive waste as resources rather a problem.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81475555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Factors Influencing Food Security in Nigeria. Do Local Farmer Investors In Farming Activities Mitigate Food Shortages? Evidence in the Short and Long Run.","authors":"N. Nnaemeka","doi":"10.47672/aja.924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.924","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: What are the significant factors influencing food security in Nigeria? What is the food security status of rural farmers? Do local farmer investors positively influence agricultural output productivity and mitigate food shortages in the long run and short run? What is the alternative source of mitigating food shortages? Through these questions, the objective of this research was to identify factors that affect food security as well as identifying empirical sources of improving food security and putting good policies in place to actualise it. \u0000Methodology: The study has a research design covering a sample size of 145 farmers using a structured questionnaire with random sampling technique to investigate the empirical factors influencing food security in Nigeria and method of data analysis used was logistic regression analysis. Time series data from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2019) was used to investigate the role of local farmer investors in agricultural productivity/mitigation of food shortages using Johansen co-integration (long run) and Granger causality (short run) techniques. \u0000Findings: The logistic regression result computed from the survey data from the respondent farmers revealed that age, total cost of production, farm income and health expenditure are significant factors that influence food security. Result further showed that food security status of rural farmers is not secured. Through the short run and long run investigation, the empirical results covering the period of 1980-2018 in Nigeria revealed that local farmer investors positively influence agricultural productivity and mitigate food shortages by 2.99 percent.  The findings further revealed that foreign farmer investors contribute to agricultural output productivity and mitigate food shortages by 4.90 percent, thus an alternative source of mitigating food shortages in Nigeria. \u0000Unique contribution to practice and policy: Its unique contribution to practice and policy is that policy makers will shift in line with the findings. Policy makers should ensure that policies that encourage local farmer investors as well as foreign farmer investors are put in place and adhered to help mitigate food shortages in Nigeria. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85492053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium Behavior with Clay Minerals Composition under Soil Ecosystem: it's Adequacy for Maize Plants","authors":"Mohamed El Sayed Abou Kota, H. Darwish, Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Aziz","doi":"10.47672/aja.911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.911","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The target area for the study is one of the agricultural areas of importance in Egypt. It is a suitable area for studying the origin and distribution patterns of clay minerals. Therefore, the focal aims of this study were: (1) to examine the clay minerals' origins in semi-arid regions of Egypt. (2) The behavioral pattern of K in clay minerals in ecological changes, (3) the reflection of K-behavior in soil on the maize plant's nutrient content under soil systems. \u0000Methodology: Evaluation of water samples were: Evaluate the pH and EC, soluble ions, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium to calcium activity ratio (SCAR), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). Also, Evaluation of soil samples were: Evaluate the particle size distribution, OM content, soil pH, Gypsum, CaCO3 content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), EC, soluble ions, Soil available K, exchangeable K, and total K. Separation of the clay fraction: preparation of soil samples for mineralogical analysis. Qualitative clay mineralogical analysis: X- ray diffactograms were obtained for some selected clay samples using Philips equipment pw (1140/90). Evaluation of plant samples were: Evaluate the N, P, and K concentrations. Statistical analysis: SPSS (v. 20) was used to determine the descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. \u0000Findings: Achieving study aims, a series of methodological steps were implemented to study soil and water properties, and their reflection on maize plants. The irrigation water results analysis showed no problems. The soil properties were also distinguished by the results: common features of this type of soil are a depth of greater than 120 cm, a slightly well-drained clay texture, and poor OM content. The CaCO3 content increases with depth. The available N, P, K were (slight to moderate, very low, and good) respectively. The EC values range from non-saline to moderate saline. As indicated, the X-ray diffraction patterns of the clay fractures are separated from those features. It appears from the analysis that the mineral composition of the clay fracture at both areas is dominated by montmorillonite, kaolinite, and then hydrated mica. Based on the studied soil characteristics, there was a reflection on the maize plant grown, which showed the following: A strong positive correlation between the soluble K content and K in maize plants at the age of 30 days. The multiple correlations were significantly positive between the N and P content available to the grain of maize plants. The results exposed a negative correlation between the available K and K content of maize plants at 45 days of age. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the exchangeable K and K content in maize plants at 60 days of age. \u0000Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The results presented the significant relationships between the evaluation of the physical and che","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"403 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77350945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Information and Communication Technologies by farmers in Menoua Division of the West Region of Cameroon ","authors":"Blaise Ndemdou, Hensel Guillaume Fouepe Fongang","doi":"10.47672/aja.879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.879","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The objective of this article was to analyse the farmers’ access to agricultural information by using ICTs in the case of Menoua Division of the West Region of Cameroon.  \u0000Methodology: The study sample was constituted of 200 farmers of at least 21 years old and 31 resource persons. The sample was constituted using the reasoned choice, the snowball and simple random techniques. The data was collected by the questionnaire and analysis of quantitative data was done by use of SPSS.20. \u0000Finding: Results show that two ICTs components provide agricultural information used by farmers in agricultural basins in Menoua Division. Mobile phone, used by 189 out of 200 respondents, is the main support of agricultural information used in transactions. The computer used by 18 out of 200 respondents is also an important support for the use of ICTs. Social networks which include Whatsapp and Facebook are used by 25 out of 200 respondents. The mobile phone is mostly used by famers to access new informations in the agricultural sector (47%) and to be informed on the prices of products on the market (23%). Social networks enable farmers to get agricultural informations from discussions with colleagues (18 of 25). Social networks are also used to access news in the agricultural sector (5 of 25). Farmers used computer to record agricultural informations. Social networks help farmers to obtain 3 types of agricultural informations: technical (73%), commercial (89%) and institutional (42.5%). \u0000Recommendation: The government should inform farmers through their mobile phones by sending messages relating to seminar and holding of events such as agropastoral fairs. Also, training should be organized on the importance of using cell phones as tools of informal research via the internet by the farmers. Farmers should help each other and train together in the use of ICT for the benefit of their daily activities. The various mobile operators should also get involved in supporting farmers.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80886392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of natural resource exploitation of stone, impact on livelihood and rural development in West Region of Cameroon.","authors":"Chop Makain, Tankou Christopher, T. Lengha","doi":"10.47672/aja.812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.812","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Stone as a natural resource has always been highly recognized as an income generating activity worldwide. The study on the contribution of natural resource exploitation of stone, impact on livelihood and rural development was conducted in the West Region of Cameroon with the used of purposive random sampling technique. \u0000Methodology: The target population for this study were the inhabitants around the quarries involved in the mining and the farmers’ activities. From the number of workers, the researchers chose a sample size of 400 miners assuming that the miners in the West region are more than 100000 distributed within four divisions. The study used both primary and secondary data sources. The methods used for the study were interviews, focus group discussions sources, documents analysis and participatory observations. SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse data. \u0000Finding: Results indicated that 41.61% were artisanal miners while 31.88% were industrial miners. More so, results further revealed that 76.66% were quarry operators and 33.34% were farmers. \u0000Unique contribution to theory and practice: The study therefore recommends that the state through the local authorities such as the council could improve on the livelihood of these inhabitants by assisting and respecting their limit areas of stone exploitation, also compensate the villagers whose lands are being exploited especially moderately, upon what they request as terms of compensation not what they offer to them as gift.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"338 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90785252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS CARROT CULTIVARS UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF BALOCHISTAN","authors":"Malik F. Ali, Sher Lehir, B. Bangulzai, Shafique Ahmed, M. Babar, M. Nadeem, M. Kashif, Mohammad H. Dawood, Abdul Langove","doi":"10.47672/aja.786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.786","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Comparative study of growth and yield performance of various carrot cultivars under climatic conditions of Balochistan Methodology: An experimental trial was conducted at Agriculture Research Vegetable Seed Production situated at Quetta, Balochistan. In order to determine the growth and yield of different carrot cultivars were collected throughout the country and planted during the year 2018 in three replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) having a plot size of 6 m x 6 m (36 m2). Finding: Out of 10 cultivars of carrot for higher productivity, all the growth traits was statistically significant except no of leaves, the cultivar Faisalabad T-29 was recorded high yielding (54.47 tons/ha) root yield of carrot, followed by Long Red India (48.49 tons/ha), T29 (VSF)(44.91 tons/ha), Amech (41.69 tons/ha),New Croda (32.87 tons/ha), D-C-3 (30.64 tons/ha),D-C96 (27.65 tons/ha), MP- 4(25.42 tons/ha)  and Orange(23.05 tons/ha) root yield of carrot, respectively. However, minimum root yield (18.20 tons/ha) of carrot was recorded in D-C-W. Unique contribution to theory and practice: Main aim of this study was to reveal the potential existing germplasm of carrots regarding their morphological aspect. Also this study has deep impact on growing communities of province","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87634795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil palm production: Actors, roles and activities in the value chain","authors":"Yolar Ngwangkfu, Fon Enwgali, T. Lengha","doi":"10.47672/aja.751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/aja.751","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Oil palm is the highest oil producing plant, with an average yield of 3.5 tons of oil/ha/year. In 2006, palm oil became the world’s most important edible oil with 37 million tons produced, accounting for 25% of the total oils and fats production. The study on the Oil palm production: Actors, roles and activities was conducted in the Littoral region of Cameroon with the used of multi-stage sampling technique. \u0000Methodology: The target population for this study were smallholder growers/processors and marketers involved in the oil palm value chain and the sample size was four hundred (400) assuming that the growers/processors and marketers in the Littoral region are more than 100000 distributed within two divisions. The study made used of primary and secondary data sources. The methods used for the study were interviews, focus group discussions, sources documents analysis and participatory observation.  A simple descriptive statistical method was also used for the study. \u0000Findings: Findings indicated that the main actors identified in the field were the input suppliers, nurseries, growers/processors, marketers and consumers. \u0000Recommendation(s): The study therefore recommends that the state through the local authorities such as the council could set up fixed prices for oil palm products, create farm to markets roads, and provide farmers with quality seedlings and fertilizers. And also growers should constitute themselves in to common initiatives groups and cooperatives.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80382378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON FARMERS’ AWARENESS OF DEVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN KITUI COUNTY, KENYA","authors":"Onesmus Kyambo, J. K. Kilungo, D. Amwata","doi":"10.47672/AJA.731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/AJA.731","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Agriculture is the main stay and driver of Kenyan rural economy. Despites the critical role of agriculture in Kenya, poor access to extension support services persist. This study sought to assess the influence of selected socio-economic factors on farmers’ awareness of devolution of agricultural extension services in Kitui County. \u0000Methodology: The study used an ex post facto descriptive survey design. A total sample of 99 farmers drawn from the population of 222,781 households in 40 wards (GOK – Economic Survey 2019.) was selected from Kitui County using a stratified random sampling approach. Questionnaires were administered to the sampled farmers. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive, inferential statistics (binary logistic regression). \u0000Findings: This study established that older farmers were aware about devolution of agricultural extension services. This study also found that male farmers were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their female counterparts. Moreover, educated farmers were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their less educated counterparts. Family heads from wealthier households (with greater income) were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their counterparts from low income households. The respondents that had larger sizes of land were more likely to be more aware of about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to household heads with smaller sizes of land. \u0000Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: This study recommends that more campaigns and sensitization should be made in the vast Kitui County to create awareness about the devolution of agricultural extension services and encourage more women smallholder farmers to take advantage of this service especially through organised groups. Key campaigns should especially be implemented through women groups, since women farmers had the least awareness of the devolution of agricultural extension services.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91381629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}