{"title":"Physiology of salivary secretion.","authors":"Y Imai","doi":"10.1159/000393321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000393321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present work was to explain the mechanism of the acinar secretion of the salivary gland during stimulation. The following items were discussed and concluded. (1) The acinus is the majority of cells being the powerful transport system of the fluid from interstitial side to lumen. (2) Osmotic flow was clarified being a cause of water transport, in which the osmolality gradient across the acinus epithelium was initiated by a preceded salt transport. (3) The grades of osmotic gradient, of hydraulic conductivity, and of semipermeable property of gland epithelia were described. (4) On salt transport during stimulation, Na+ inflow across the basal plasma membrane and Na+ extrusion across the luminal membrane of the acinus cell were discussed with respect to the electrochemical gradient and ionic flow. From the electrophysiological work and the ionic distribution of the salivary gland, it is concluded that massive Na+ inflow and K+ outflow across the basal plasma membrane was a passive process due to an increase of permeability to those ion during stimulation, but the process of Na+ extrusion across the plasma membranes of the luminal side of the cell as well as of the secretory granules was active. (5) The electrochemical gradient for Na+ and K+ at the basal plasma membrane which had an important role for passive Na+ and K+ transport may be maintained by ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+ pump as most other cells. (6) A model for salt transport across the acinar cell was proposed. Intracellular Na+ due to passive Na+ inflow may activate cooperatively the Na(Cl) transport system at luminal plasma membrane and membrane of secretory granules in high levels of (Na+)in. Though it also activated the Na+ -K+ transport at the basal plasma membrane in any level of (Na+)in. (7) Energetics for the ion transport of gland was discussed with a transport-work rate equation as well as oxygen consumption in secretory state. It is assumed that the energy in active transport at the luminal plasma membrane requires more than the dissipated energy in passive process at the basal plasma membrane. The energy for active transport across the luminal plasma membrane may be corresponded to a main part of oxygen consumption for ion transport across the overall epithelium. (8) The phenomena of osmotic flow coupling with salt flow and of passive ionic flow coupling with electrochemical gradient which is maintained by Na+ -K+ pump may be an expression of production and utilization of negative entropy which is a characteristic of biological membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"2 ","pages":"184-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000393321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12247900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stimulus-evoked pain in teeth.","authors":"J M Mumford","doi":"10.1159/000393316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000393316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When pain occurs in teeth as a result of external stimulation it is more likely to be due to physical factors affecting the enamel and dentine than to pulp disease. The mechanisms are described, clinical conditions are mentioned and a speculative attempt is made to correlate them by introducing the idea of streaming potentials in the dentine and pulp. The pain perception threshold is considered in relation to different teeth, age, sex, lateral dominance, personality, and the area of electrode contact. The latter has proved interesting, for manipulation of it has led to possibly important findings on the nature of convergence in the trigeminal system, two-point discrimination, referred pain and somatopic representation of dental pulps in the medulla oblongata.</p>","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"2 ","pages":"51-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000393316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12247902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biophysics of the tooth.","authors":"M Braden","doi":"10.1159/000393313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000393313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"2 ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000393313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12248000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomechanics of oral mucosa.","authors":"W L Kydd, C H Daly, M Waltz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"2 ","pages":"108-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12248001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The blood circulation of the tongue.","authors":"G Hellekant","doi":"10.1159/000393319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000393319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes the gross anatomy of the vessels which supply the mammalian tongue. It shows that there is a rich vascular supply. Available data indicate that the lingual papillae are supplied with a true capillary circulation, which is more abundant in the papillae containing taste buds. The vessels of the tongue are innervated by adrenergic sympathetic vasconstrictor fibers and it is also very likely that a cholinergic parasympathetic vasodilator influence exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"2 ","pages":"130-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000393319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12247898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Origin and evolution of the oral apparatus.","authors":"E L Du Brul","doi":"10.1159/000392717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000392717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"1 0","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000392717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15709419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mastication in food science and technology.","authors":"B Drake","doi":"10.1159/000392725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000392725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"1 0","pages":"257-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000392725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15709422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bite force and chewing efficiency.","authors":"G E Carlsson","doi":"10.1159/000392726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000392726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"1 0","pages":"265-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000392726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15709423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurogenesis of mastication.","authors":"Y Kawamura","doi":"10.1159/000392720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000392720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral physiology","volume":"1 0","pages":"77-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000392720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15385763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}