Current topics in medical mycology最新文献

{"title":"Nondermatophyte causes of onychomycosis and superficial mycoses.","authors":"A K Gupta,&nbsp;B E Elewski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to dermatophytes, nondermatophytes that may cause distal and lateral subungual onychomycoses are Aspergillus species, Acremonium species, Fusarium oxysporum and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. White superficial onychomycosis may be caused by nondermatophyte species, for example, Acremonium species, Aspergillus terreus, other Aspergillus species and Fusarium oxysporum. Nondermatophyte molds such as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis may uncommonly result in cutaneous infections. Scytalidium dimidiatum (Scytalidium anamorph of Hendersonula toruloidea) and Scytalidium hyalinum may cause interdigital tinea pedis, and less frequently \"moccasin foot\" or plantar tinea pedis. Nondermatophytes have generally responded poorly to griseofulvin and ketoconazole. There have been reports of some nondermatophyte fungi responding to itraconazole and terbinafine.</p>","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"7 1","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20428987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.","authors":"J Wheat","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opportunistic infections are common and major causes of morbidity in patients with AIDS. Endemic mycoses pose serious risks for patients in certain parts of the world. Histoplasmosis occurs in 2-5% of patients with AIDS in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys of the United States and in over 25% of patients from a few cities. Antigen testing has become a highly useful method for diagnosing histoplasmosis rapidly, evaluating the response to treatment and diagnosing relapse. Treatment with amphotericin B or itraconazole is effective (90% or higher) if the patient is not seriously ill at the time of diagnosis but the mortality approaches 50% for those with multiorgan failure. Itraconazole blood levels should be monitored and drugs that impair the absorption or accelerate the metabolism of itraconazole should be avoided. Prophylaxis with itraconazole may be appropriate in areas with an incidence of histoplasmosis. A recently completed study in cities which have unusually high rates of histoplasmosis will provide greater insight into the role of prophylactic antifungal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"7 1","pages":"7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20429075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-parasite relationship in paracoccidioidomycosis.","authors":"M. Franco, M. Peraçoli, A. Soares, R. Montenegro, R. P. Mendes, D. A. Meira","doi":"10.3314/JJMM.36.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/JJMM.36.209","url":null,"abstract":"Paracoccidioidomycosis (Pbmycosis) is a systemic disease confined to Latin America; its endemic areas extends from Mexico through Central and South America down to Argentina. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb), its agent, causes disease and mortality specially in rural populations being a major public health problem1). The disease was first reconized by Adolfo Lutz in 1908, in Sao Paulo. Its agent was identified by Floriano de Almeida and its clinical and pathological features described by Pupo and CunhaMota, the three of them from the, today, University of Sao Paulo Medical School1). Eighty years after the first references to this mycosis we still do not know for sure the habitat of the fungus or how man is infected. As a consequence we also do not know the early manifestations of this disease that after an insidious onset and slow course end up compromissing several organs in an umpredictable sequence. The great majority of the knowledge on host parasite relationship in Pbmycosis is based on clinical and radiological descriptions of lesions and on the study of biopsies obtained when the infection is already well stablished; a few studies have included autopsies done almost always in patients who died in the final stages of the disease. The result of these difficulties is that certain concepts about the pathogenesis of Pbmycosis have been mainly derived from animal experiments in which large number of P, brasiliensis in its yeast form have been inoculated in susceptible animals. Yeasts almost certainly are not the infecting forms of the fungus since yeasts only develop at temperatures well above the ones observed in the environment where the man-fungus interaction appears to occur. Experimental animal models are somewhat artificial but they have offered useful information and allowed a progressively better understanding of this mycosis2). Early investigators were of the opinion that the fungus invaded throught the oropharingeal mucosa but latter clinical and radiological evidences, experimentaly corroborated suggested that the lungs were the portal of entry. Nowadays the majority of the data favor the inhalatory route with early pulmonary lesions as the rule; exceptionally trauma and other routes have been reasonably well documented. Once within the tissues the parasite can either be destroyed or allowed to multiply to produce a primary inoculation lesion. The fungus is then drained to the regional lymph nodes where a satelite lymphatic lesion is stablished. As described in tuberculosis, a Pbmycotic primary complex with","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"5 1","pages":"115-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3314/JJMM.36.209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69507148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients.","authors":"D L Brawner,&nbsp;A J Hovan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"6 ","pages":"113-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19697423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell surface hydrophobicity and medically important fungi.","authors":"K C Hazen,&nbsp;P M Glee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"6 ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19697418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunology of fungal infection.","authors":"D R Hospenthal,&nbsp;A L Rogers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"6 ","pages":"127-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19697424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dematiaceous fungal infections in China.","authors":"R Li,&nbsp;D Wang,&nbsp;W Dai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"6 ","pages":"283-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19697428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell wall polysaccharides of pathogenic yeasts.","authors":"Y Fukazawa,&nbsp;K Kagaya,&nbsp;T Shinoda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"6 ","pages":"189-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19697425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of eumycetoma and actinomycetoma.","authors":"O Welsh,&nbsp;M C Salinas,&nbsp;M A Rodríguez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycetoma is a chronic disease caused by aerobic actinomycetes and eumycetes which mainly affects the lower extremities. It predominates among farm workers in tropical, subtropical and adjacent zones. Clinically it is characterized by a firm swelling with abscesses and fistulae discharging pus that contains granules or grains of the causal agent. Their color, size, consistency and histopathology contribute to their identification. Cultures and metabolic studies determine the disease's etiology. Eumycete and actinomycete antigens can be used serologically to diagnose and predict prognosis of the disease. Many different antimicrobials and antifungal drugs have been used with varying degrees of success. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone or together with diamino-diphenyl-sulfone is the treatment of choice for actinomycetoma. Amikacin is used for severe cases, unresponsive to previous treatment, and for those in danger of dissemination to adjacent organs. Surgery is seldom used for actinomycetoma. In eumycetoma a combination of medical treatment and surgery is advised. Small eumycetomas are easily surgically removed. Ketoconazole at a dosage of 400 mg/day is the medical treatment of choice for eumycetoma caused by M. mycetomatis. The therapeutic response to itraconazole varies. Fluconazole has been unsuccessful in the treatment of eumycetoma but amphotericin B has shown good to poor therapeutic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"6 ","pages":"47-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19697420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum yeasts.","authors":"I M Bergbrant","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The connection between P. ovale and seborrhoeic dermatitis has been clearly demonstrated in a number of treatment studies but we still do not know how P. ovale induces skin lesions. An enhanced growth of P. ovale cannot be the cause, because a number of studies with quantitative determinations of P. ovale have not been able to show any difference in the number of yeast cells between patients and healthy controls. The number of P. ovale is probably only important for the individuals who are susceptible to seborrhoeic dermatitis. An abnormal immune response to P. ovale could be another explanation. Sohnle et al. have shown that P. ovale can activate complement by both the classical and the alternative pathway. A defective cell-mediated immunity to P. ovale in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis has been demonstrated by Wikler et al. In patients with AIDS, who are known to have a diminished T-cell function, a high incidence of seborrhoeic dermatitis has been found. Activation of the alternative complement pathway by P. ovale, which does not require T-cell function, could be an explanation for the inflammatory response. I also believe that the skin lipids are important in the pathogenesis. An improvement of seborrhoeic dermatitis has been demonstrated after treatment with drugs that reduce the sebum excretion. Pityrosporum has lipase activity and may generate free fatty acids, which could also contribute to the inflammatory response. There are a number of factors which are probably important in the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic dermatitis, that is, the number of P. ovale, P. ovale lipase activity, skin lipids, immune function, heredity, atmospheric humidity and emotional state. A reduction in the number of P. ovale in patients suffering from seborrhoeic dermatitis and being treated with antimycotic treatment is, at the present state of knowledge, the best way to treat the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"6 ","pages":"95-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19697422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}