Arctic medical research最新文献_第4页

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1996-01-01

J Leppäluoto

引用次数: 0

Lung volumes of Igloolik Inuit and Volochanka nGanasan. 因纽特人和加纳桑人的肺体积。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1996-01-01

A Rode, R J Shephard

{"title":"Lung volumes of Igloolik Inuit and Volochanka nGanasan.","authors":"A Rode, R J Shephard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acculturation to a 'modern' lifestyle has apparently speeded the aging of FVC and FEV1.0 in the Inuit (6). To test this hypothesis further, we compared lung function between Igloolik Inuit and less acculturated nGanasan in Volochanka.Methods and materials: FVC and FEV1.0 were measured by Stead-Wells spirometer (13.5 L lightweight bell) on 210M and 157F Inuit, and by 7.8 L dry gas wedge spirometer on 80M and 66F nGanasan. Subjects were aged 11-60 years.Results: The Inuit and the nGanasan were both some 10 cm shorter than the urban norms, but the ratio of sitting to standing height was normal. Cigarette smoking began around 13-14 yr, reaching a prevalence of 80% in Inuit males and females, 78% in nGanasan males, and 56% in nGanasan females. Inuit lung volumes exceeded urban norms as children and young adults, but had a steep age coefficient even after excluding subjects with a history of respiratory disease. The nGanasan had smaller lung volumes as young adults, but a less rapid decline of function with age.Conclusions: High lung volumes in young adults probably reflect the continued physical fitness levels of circumpolar residents. The steep age coefficients for the Inuit cannot be explained simply by aging of a cohort with previous respiratory disease. The nGanasan have little advantage of smoking habits or fitness, but do not have snowmobiles. Operation of these vehicles may increase the inhalation of arctic air, and/or cause vertebral damage with resulting alterations of FVC and FEV1.0.","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 1","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19864890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One inhabitant per fifty square kilometers, one grizzly bear per two persons--a field study of health services in Yukon, Canada, May-June 1993. 每50平方公里有一个居民，每两人有一只灰熊————1993年5月至6月对加拿大育空地区保健服务的实地研究。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1996-01-01

S Haraldson

引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular disease and environmental pollutants: the Arctic aspect. 心血管疾病和环境污染物:北极方面。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1996-01-01

P Bjerregaard

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease and environmental pollutants: the Arctic aspect.","authors":"P Bjerregaard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollution in the Arctic is due to long range transport from lower latitudes or to local industrial activities. Since the latter are not different from point source exposure in the rest of the world the paper focuses on the former aspect which is the main type of environmental pollution in the western Arctic. The environmental pollutants of major significance are heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, lead) and persistent organic pollutants (PCB's, pesticides) and the main exposure is through the traditional diet of sea mammals (mercury, cadmium, persistent organic pollutants) and through smoking (cadmium). There is rather strong evidence that lead is a (weak) risk factor for high blood pressure even at low levels of exposure. Apart from lead there is little evidence that the above mentioned pollutants are significantly related to cardiovascular diseases. Since the pollutants, however, are found in the traditional diet together with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and selenium which are believed to promote cardiovascular health there is an indirect link between the pollutants and cardiovascular disease. This becomes relevant when dietary guidelines are developed for arctic populations. Epidemiological evidence from Greenland relevant for this discussion is presented, i.e. i) findings from a countrywide interview survey on dietary habits which show that sea mammals are widely consumed and appreciated for health and other reasons and that there is virtually no fear of pollution, and ii) mortality results which do not support the hypothesis that the low rate of ischemic heart disease in Inuit is due to their traditional diet.","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 Suppl 1 ","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19836801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weighing contaminant risks and nutrient benefits of country food in Nunavik. 权衡努纳维克乡村食品的污染物风险和营养效益。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1996-01-01

E Dewailly, P Ayotte, C Blanchet, J Grondin, S Bruneau, B Holub, G Carrier

引用次数: 0

Preliminary report of trace elements in mothers and newborns living in the Kola Peninsula and Arkhangelsk region of Russia compared to Norwegian populations. 生活在俄罗斯科拉半岛和阿尔汉格尔斯克地区的母亲和新生儿与挪威人口中微量元素的初步报告。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1996-01-01

J O Odland, N Romanova, G Sand, Y Thomassen, J Brox, E Khotova, A Duriagin, E Lund, E Nieboer

{"title":"Preliminary report of trace elements in mothers and newborns living in the Kola Peninsula and Arkhangelsk region of Russia compared to Norwegian populations.","authors":"J O Odland, N Romanova, G Sand, Y Thomassen, J Brox, E Khotova, A Duriagin, E Lund, E Nieboer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, considerable attention has been allotted to the possible health effects of the industrial pollution in the regions adjoining the Norwegian-Russian border. As a measure of general health, the status of trace elements and some clinical-chemical parameters in serum and blood that reflect general health was assessed for 50 consecutive obstetric patients presenting at delivery departments of local hospitals in the Kola Peninsula, Arkhangelsk and selected centres in Norway. A written questionnaire and consent form were completed by each participant. Specimens of maternal and cord blood were collected. Corresponding samples were analyzed for copper, zinc, selenium, iron and ferritin. We found a lower birth weight in the Russian centres. The measurement of trace elements showed a higher iron status for the Russian females and relatively low serum zinc levels were observed in both the Russian and the Norwegian communities. It may be concluded that with the exception of zinc, the mineral status in the Norwegian and Russian arctic centres considered appears to be satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 Suppl 1 ","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19836805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water-borne pollutants. 水污染物。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1996-01-01

N Johansson

引用次数: 0

Lipid levels of expeditioners in Antarctica: response to a reduced-fat, oleic acid and carbohydrate-enriched diet. 南极探险者的脂质水平:对减脂、油酸和富含碳水化合物饮食的反应。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-10-01

D M Taylor, C L Pye, R M Hindson, D Lugg, K O'Dea

{"title":"Lipid levels of expeditioners in Antarctica: response to a reduced-fat, oleic acid and carbohydrate-enriched diet.","authors":"D M Taylor, C L Pye, R M Hindson, D Lugg, K O'Dea","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the effects of a reduced-fat, oleic acid and carbohydrate-enriched diet on serum lipid profiles and body weight in the setting of an isolated Australian Antarctic station. A 12-week dietary intervention period was provided for 30 healthy, free-living expeditioners against a background diet typical of the Australian population. The diet tested a \"modified U.S. Dietary Goals\" regimen which increased oleic acid preferentially (29% energy from fat and 46% from carbohydrate, polyunsaturated: monounsaturated: saturated fatty acid ratio [P:M:S] of 0.6:1.3:1.0, 30 g fibre/day, less than 300 mg cholesterol/day). During the intervention period, mean serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels remained relatively stable while mean serum total cholesterol (TC) fell significantly (a fall of 0.95 mmol/l, p < 0.05). The mean serum triglyceride (TG) level rose initially (1.44 to 1.64 mmol/l, p < 0.05) but the level returned to baseline (1.41 mmol/l) by the end of the intervention period. The change in TG level was associated with increased dietary carbohydrate but not with changes in body weight, alcohol intake or season. The study demonstrates that a reduced-fat, oleic acid and carbohydrate-enriched diet can result in significant improvements in serum lipid profiles. The diet was acceptable to the subjects and was easily provided in Antarctica with unobtrusive changes to the typical Australian diet.","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 4","pages":"160-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19560254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermoregulatory activity of motor units during human development. 人体发育过程中运动单位的体温调节活动。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-10-01

A Meigal, I Pavlova, Y Lupandin, A Sokolov, E Antonen

{"title":"Thermoregulatory activity of motor units during human development.","authors":"A Meigal, I Pavlova, Y Lupandin, A Sokolov, E Antonen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The presented investigation was designed to elucidate whether age impacts the basic neurophysiological characteristics of motor unit (MU) thermoregulatory activity in human subjects. Human newborns and infants (aged from 7 days to 3 years, n = 81) were exposed to ambient temperatures of 26-27 degrees C for 5-7 minutes. The adults and elderly (18-76 years old, n = 90) were exposed to 10 degrees C for 30-60 minutes. MU action potentials were followed by surface electromyography in the brachial triceps muscles, bilaterally. The firing rate of MUs (n = 245) during thermoregulatory muscle tonus was 7-35 Hz. Thirty six per cent of MUs (periodical MUs) of the newborns were firing by short trains of high-frequency (20-35 Hz) discharges, with uniform interspike intervals. The other part of MUs in the newborns was stationary firing at frequencies from 12 to 20 Hz (stable MUs). No periodical MUs were found in infants and adults and elderly humans. MU firing rate at 18-60 years of age was 8-9 Hz, and was statistically significantly lower than in the ages over 60 years (9-11 Hz). These data allowed us to compute a parabolic dependence of MU firing rate on the age during thermoregulatory tonus: Fmu = 12.60-0.22A + 0.03A2 (r = 0.91; Fmu-MU mean firing rate, Hz; A-age, years).","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 4","pages":"192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19560257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health and development in the Hudson Bay/James Bay region. 哈德逊湾/詹姆斯湾地区的健康和发展。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-10-01

D Stieb, K Davies

引用次数: 0