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American journal of optometry and physiological optics最新文献

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Characteristics of convergence insufficiency. 收敛不足的特征。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00002
K M Daum
{"title":"Characteristics of convergence insufficiency.","authors":"K M Daum","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a well-known syndrome of binocular visual dysfunction. In a review of 58 papers, considerable variation was noted in the criteria used to define the condition. Symptoms and decreased positive fusional vergences (both at the nearpoint) were the only criteria named in more than one-half of the studies. An extended nearpoint of convergence (NPC) and increased exophoria at near were criteria in about one-third of the papers. Examination of data in the reviewed papers shows that although considerable variability was noted, the distance exodeviation, distance negative vergences, visual acuity, refraction, and stereopsis were about the same as population norms. Positive vergences, negative vergence at near, and NPC were somewhat less than population norms. Vergences relative to Sheard's criterion, the near exophoria, accommodative amplitude, and the AC/A ratio were consistently below those derived from population norms. This considerable variation may largely be a result of different criteria used for diagnosis, subpopulations within the data, and other confounding factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"426-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14178733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Public health presentations at the 1987 meeting of the American Academy of Optometry. 1987年美国视光学会会议上的公共卫生演讲。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00012
R L Yolton
{"title":"Public health presentations at the 1987 meeting of the American Academy of Optometry.","authors":"R L Yolton","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"512-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14538406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The importance of personal hygiene in contact lens wear. 佩戴隐形眼镜时个人卫生的重要性。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00016
J E Josephson
{"title":"The importance of personal hygiene in contact lens wear.","authors":"J E Josephson","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14538407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Keratoconus, magnesium deficiency, type A behavior, and allergy. 圆锥角膜，缺镁，A型行为和过敏。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00010
A Thalasselis, H F Taie, J Etchepareborda, A Selim
{"title":"Keratoconus, magnesium deficiency, type A behavior, and allergy.","authors":"A Thalasselis,&nbsp;H F Taie,&nbsp;J Etchepareborda,&nbsp;A Selim","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The etiology of keratoconus is still unknown. This project was designed to study, in a group of keratoconic patients and a control group, the following: clinical, endocrinological, immunological, psychological, and ophthalmological factors. We found mean serum magnesium deficiency and type A behavior to be significantly more common in keratoconic patients than in a control group of patients. In addition changes in gluco-mineral corticoids, changes in glucose metabolism, edema of allergic origin, and genetic factors may collaborate in the development of keratoconus. All these factors could affect the osmotic mechanism of the cornea: Na-K and/or Ca ATPase, the collagen structure by alteration of the adenylate cyclase activity, and other mechanisms. This study suggests an association between keratoconus, magnesium depletion, and type A behavior, which together constitute a new clinical syndrome and confirm an association between keratoconus and atopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"499-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14538404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Review of computerized orthoptics with specific regard to convergence insufficiency. 计算机正射光的回顾，特别是关于收敛不足。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00005
J Cooper
{"title":"Review of computerized orthoptics with specific regard to convergence insufficiency.","authors":"J Cooper","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional vision training or orthoptics has used line or contour targets to eliminate suppression and improve vergence performance. Manipulation of these stimuli is slow and arduous. Line stimuli require an experienced doctor/technician to interpret responses. Recently, automated vision training using microprocessor anaglyph stimuli, i.e., random dot stereograms (RDS), has been used in an operant conditioning paradigm. This technique has improved motivation of the patient, improved reliability, and provided standardization of therapy. In addition, the utilization of RDS associated with operant conditioning has been shown to improve vergence performance and to reduce asthenopia in the convergence insufficiency patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"455-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14178589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Evaluation of contact lenses by microbial enumeration and protein determination. 通过微生物计数和蛋白质测定评估隐形眼镜。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00007
J T Barr, W J Lapple, A C Snyder, J C Hsu, O H Tuovinen
{"title":"Evaluation of contact lenses by microbial enumeration and protein determination.","authors":"J T Barr, W J Lapple, A C Snyder, J C Hsu, O H Tuovinen","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00007","DOIUrl":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00007","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Contact Ienses worn for varying periods of time (from 1 to 48 months) were subjected to microbiological examination by plate counts and protein determination. Seventy percent of the lenses displayed bacterial colony counts below 120 colony‐forming units (CFU)/lens, 28 percent were in the range of 140 to 9060 CFU/lens, and one lens was contaminated with >6 × 104 CFU/lens. Fungal contaminants were detected in three lens specimens in the range of 220 to 760 CFU/lens. Protein accumulation showed wide variation of up to 1.2 mg of protein per lens. Statistical analysis indicated highly significant associations (p < 0.001) between the bacterial colony counts obtained with three different media. Some significant associations were found between the protein concentration and bacterial counts. The data did not indicate statistically significant relations between the above variables and either the water content or the length of wear of the contact lenses.","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"476-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14178591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Nondestructive method of constructing three-dimensional gradient index models for crystalline lenses: I. Theory and experiment. 构建晶体透镜三维梯度折射率模型的无损方法:1 .理论与实验。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00008
B K Pierscionek, D Y Chan, J P Ennis, G Smith, R C Augusteyn
{"title":"Nondestructive method of constructing three-dimensional gradient index models for crystalline lenses: I. Theory and experiment.","authors":"B K Pierscionek,&nbsp;D Y Chan,&nbsp;J P Ennis,&nbsp;G Smith,&nbsp;R C Augusteyn","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nondestructive method of constructing the three-dimensional refractive index profile of crystalline lenses is presented. The technique is based on earlier work in which the refractive index profile is deduced from measuring the refraction of a set of light rays that traverse the lens in a particular plane. However, the present approach requires fewer assumptions about the form of the refractive index profile so that the deduced results are less likely to reflect preconceived notions about the form of the refractive index distribution. An accurate model for the bovine crystalline lens has been constructed with the present approach. Without further adjustable parameters, our three-dimensional model of the lens refractive index profile is able to predict accurately the refraction of meridional rays that traverse the lens in the sagittal plane. Preliminary data on human lenses are also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"481-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14540362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
Visual therapy results for convergence insufficiency: a literature review. 会聚功能不全的视觉治疗结果:文献回顾。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00004
J D Grisham
{"title":"Visual therapy results for convergence insufficiency: a literature review.","authors":"J D Grisham","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is a review of the literature relative to treatment results for convergence insufficiency utilizing vision therapy training procedures. Vision therapy is shown to improve the nearpoint of convergence and fusional convergence and to ameliorate associated symptoms. The overall cure rate is 72%. Furthermore, the training results appear to persist for at least 2 years if the patients are initially cured and are independent of age until the late presbyopic years. Also, recent studies indicate the type of training procedures which yield the most effective training results.</p>","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"448-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14178588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 84
Influence of accommodative and vergence adaptation on binocular motor disorders. 调节性和收敛性适应对双眼运动障碍的影响。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-198806000-00006
C Schor
{"title":"Influence of accommodative and vergence adaptation on binocular motor disorders.","authors":"C Schor","doi":"10.1097/00006324-198806000-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tait described four categories of binocular disorders including convergence excess, convergence insufficiency, divergence excess, and divergence in sufficiency. These disorders are defined by the distance where the largest heterophoria occurs (distance or near), and the amplitude of the accommodative vergence ratio (AC/A). Insufficiency corresponds to a low AC/A ratio, whereas excess corresponds to a high AC/A. The magnitude of the AC/A ratio, which may be influenced by the adaptability of the accommodaation and vergence systems, has been shown to be reciprocally related to adaptability of accommodation. Likewise, the degree of vergence accommodation has been shown to be related reciprocally to adaptability of vergence to prism. An imbalance of adaptability of accommodation and vergence systems produces abnormal cross‐coupling between the two motor systems. When accommodation is more adaptable than vergence, the AC/A ratio is low and the CA/C ratio is high. Conversely, when vergence is more adaptable than accommodation, the AC/A ratio is high and the CA/C ratio is low. A method is reported for temporarily restoring moderate amplitudes of abnormal AC/A and CA/C ratios by reducing excessive adaptation with fatigue. Finally, new clinical procedures for measuring adaptation of accommodation and the CA/C ratio are presented. Taken together with current measures of vergence adaptation and AC/A ratio these procedures will permit a more complete evaluation of mutual interactions between accommodation and vergence in patients diagnosed as having excessive and insufficient vergence.","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"464-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006324-198806000-00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14178590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
Explanation of Broca's pupillometer. 布洛卡瞳孔计的解释。
American journal of optometry and physiological optics Pub Date : 1988-06-01
R W West
{"title":"Explanation of Broca's pupillometer.","authors":"R W West","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broca's pupillometer offers a simple and effective means of measuring the diameter of the pupil. However, it is often used without proper attention to the limitations of its optics. Errors of measurement may result from uncorrected refractive error, accommodation, spectacle correction, and spherical aberration (SA). A simple means of minimizing these errors is to hold the pinholes (PH's) of the pupillometer as close to the cornea as is feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":7700,"journal":{"name":"American journal of optometry and physiological optics","volume":"65 6","pages":"506-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14538405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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