Advances in pediatric infectious diseases最新文献_第7页

Influenza virus infection in children. 儿童流感病毒感染。

Advances in pediatric infectious diseases Pub Date : 1995-01-01

K Ryan-Poirier

引用次数: 0

Superantigens and their role in infectious disease. 超级抗原及其在传染病中的作用。

Advances in pediatric infectious diseases Pub Date : 1995-01-01

R Schafer, J M Sheil

{"title":"Superantigens and their role in infectious disease.","authors":"R Schafer, J M Sheil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Although the exact mechanisms by which superantigens may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases are unknown, it seems increasingly likely that they have a role in the induction and pathogenesis of disease. The studies described here demonstrate that in several different diseases either bacterial or viral superantigens can be isolated from patients. There is also a preferential expansion of particular V beta T-cell subsets, which is a common feature of superantigen stimulation. From the work that has been done to date it can be hypothesized that superantigens may act in several ways. They may stimulate and activate T cells that are autoreactive and lead to the induction or exacerbation of autoimmune disease, as in RA. Alternatively, they may lead to the depletion of T-cell subsets based on V beta expression, thereby resulting in the severe reduction in lymphocytes in certain immunodeficiency diseases such as AIDS. But perhaps the most likely contribution of superantigens to disease pathogenesis is seen indirectly by their effect on the immune system-particularly the stimulation of large numbers of T lymphocytes expressing the same V beta domain. Thus it is likely that the direct effect of various T-cell-derived inflammatory mediators (i.e., interleukins and other cytokines) released by these activated T lymphocytes is the primary cause of disease pathology via response to superantigen stimulation. In addition to the diseases discussed here, there are a number of other diseases in which a potential role for superantigens is being studied. These include autoimmune diseases seen after group A streptococcal infections in which the streptococcal M protein has been postulated to act as a superantigen such as scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Other diseases being studied include psoriasis, lupus-like disease, and lymphoproliferative diseases (reviewed in Kotzin et al.). In the coming years the exact role of superantigens and the specific mechanisms by which they contribute to disease should be more clearly defined. Our understanding of these molecules could also lead to new therapies for the treatment of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"369-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atypical pneumonias in children. 儿童非典型肺炎。

Advances in pediatric infectious diseases Pub Date : 1995-01-01

M R Hammerschlag

{"title":"Atypical pneumonias in children.","authors":"M R Hammerschlag","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The major agents responsible for atypical pneumonia in children include a wide variety of organisms, one Mycoplasma species, two Chlamydia species, a rickettsia, and one fastidious bacterium. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae together may be responsible for over 40% of these infections. Recognition of the role that these agents play in pneumonia is important since many of the diagnostic methods used to detect these organisms are not available in most hospital microbiology laboratories. If you don't look, you won't find. Epidemiologic factors can provide valuable clues, especially with the less frequently encountered infections, since it is almost impossible to make a clinical diagnosis on which to base treatment. A reliable history of avian exposure should suggest psittacosis, exposure to sheep or pregnant cats suggests Q fever, and children with underlying malignancy or immunodeficiency or those receiving systemic steroids may have legionnaires' disease. None of these organisms are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. Sometimes the diagnosis is not considered until after the child has failed to respond to a penicillin or a cephalosporin and routine bacteriology is negative. In view of the role played by M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae, a macrolide may be the first-line antibiotic for atypical pneumonia in children.","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: current concepts and controversies. 新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎:目前的概念和争议。