Advances in pediatric infectious diseases最新文献

{"title":"Hepatitis E.","authors":"A Wald","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"157-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents: the clinician's role.","authors":"C A Ford,&nbsp;A B Moscicki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexually transmitted diseases common in the adolescent population are associated with significant acute morbidity, complications, and long-term sequelae. Clinicians have the opportunity to play a unique and important role in the control of STD rates among adolescents. Not only are clinicians in a position to routinely discuss healthy sexual development, decision making, and primary STD prevention, they are also in a position to effectively diagnose and manage STDs among both asymptomatic and symptomatic adolescents. Addressing issues related to sexuality and STDs in a consistent and repetitive manner during routine visits will likely increase physician proficiency in this important area of clinical care of adolescents, as well as increase adolescents' recognition of the clinician as a valuable resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"263-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous catheter-related infections.","authors":"M B Salzman,&nbsp;L G Rubin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular catheter-related infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients. The mean incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hospitalized pediatric patients is 2.4 episodes per 1,000 days. Totally implantable central venous catheters may be associated with a lower risk of infection. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the predominant cause and account for about one third of episodes of catheter-related bloodstream infection. The diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection is often difficult because there are frequently no signs of inflammation around the catheter. Diagnosis depends on either a positive quantitative catheter culture yielding the same microorganism recovered from the bloodstream or differential quantitative blood cultures with significantly greater colony counts from blood drawn through the catheter than from blood drawn through a peripheral vein. Alternatively, probably catheter-related sepsis can be diagnosed when clinical sepsis is refractory to antimicrobial therapy but responds to catheter removal. Often these criteria are not met but catheter-related bloodstream infection is presumed because a common skin microorganism is isolated from the blood when clinical manifestations of bloodstream infection are present and there is no other apparent source of infection. Microorganisms causing catheter-related bloodstream infection gain access to the bloodstream predominantly from either the catheter insertion site or the catheter hub. Most catheter-related infections occurring shortly after catheter insertion probably gain access to the bloodstream by extraluminal migration along the catheter from the skin at the catheter insertion site. When catheters are in place for extended periods, especially greater than 30 days, the catheter hub probably plays a major role in microorganisms gaining access and then migrating endoluminally until reaching the bloodstream. Recently employed strategies for the prevention of catheter-related infections include topical antibiotics or antiseptics at the catheter insertion site, flush solutions containing vancomycin, and bonding antimicrobial agents to the catheter. Infection of peripheral and central venous catheters generally resolves after catheter removal. For tunneled silicone catheters, most episodes of catheter-related infection can be initially managed with antimicrobial therapy infused through the catheter without catheter removal. Staphylococcus aureus is generally more aggressive and associated with more complications than coagulase-negative staphylococci. Microorganisms that usually require catheter removal include Candida and Bacillus species. Adjunctive treatments of catheter infections include the use of urokinase. Catheter-related infection remains an important complication of vascular access. Novel prevention and treatment strategies are currently being investigated. In the near future bonding of antibiotics or other agent","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"337-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant therapy in meningitis.","authors":"S L Kaplan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"167-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain abscess and other intracranial suppurative complications.","authors":"C R Woods","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"41-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on pediatric immunization.","authors":"N A Halsey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"187-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic allergy in children.","authors":"N W Wilson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"307-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varicella-zoster virus: prospects for control.","authors":"A A Gershon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There have been a number of new developments in the field of VZV concerning pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. These include improved understanding of how latent infection develops and is maintained, the development and, we hope, licensure of live attenuated varicella vaccine for routine use in children and in adults who have not had varicella, an increased availability of antiviral therapy for healthy and immunocompromised patients, and the development of newer diagnostic techniques, including PCR to diagnose illnesses caused by VZV and LA for rapid, sensitive, and accurate determination of immune status to VZV. Even as vaccine use becomes more and more widespread, we will continue to need effective antiviral therapy for VZV for use in immunocompromised persons and in those in whom zoster develops. Eventually it may be possible to develop either a vaccine or an antiviral drug that prevents the development of latent VZV infection. Until that time, however, VZV will remain with us, and we will continue to need an effective antiviral armamentarium, including diagnostic techniques, passive immunization, antiviral therapy, and vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"93-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of prophylactic antibiotics in children.","authors":"C N Bitar,&nbsp;R W Steele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"227-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulism.","authors":"N D Ferrari,&nbsp;M E Weisse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76980,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric infectious diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18719215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}