Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory最新文献_第2页

Neuroscience of Memory 记忆神经科学

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 2017-03-13 DOI: 10.4324/9781315542768-2

G. Radvansky

引用次数: 0

Methods and Principles 方法与原理

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 2017-03-13 DOI: 10.4324/9781315542768-3

G. Radvansky

引用次数: 0

Memory and the Law 记忆与法律

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 2017-03-13 DOI: 10.4324/9781315542768-14

G. Radvansky

引用次数: 3

Memory in Infancy and Childhood 婴儿和儿童时期的记忆

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 2017-03-13 DOI: 10.4324/9781315542768-16

G. Radvansky

引用次数: 1

The effects of category generalizations and instance similarity on schema abstraction. 类别概括和实例相似对模式抽象的影响。

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 1981-11-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.397

Renée Elio, John R. Anderson

{"title":"The effects of category generalizations and instance similarity on schema abstraction.","authors":"Renée Elio, John R. Anderson","doi":"10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.397","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : Three experiments were designed to differentiate two models of schema abstraction. One model, called the generalization model, proposes that category generalizations, defined as feature combinations which occur frequently across study items, are abstracted during learning and used to classify transfer items. According to the other model, called the instance-only model, transfer items are classified according to their similarity to studied items. Study materials were constructed which either yielded category generalizations (generalize condition) or did not (control condition). Transfer items differed on whether they were classifiable by category generalizations and on their similarity to study items. In Experiments I and III, accuracy and confidence on transfer items was better in the generalize condition than in the control condition. Experiment II manipulated the order in which generalizable study items were presented for study: Items were either blocked, so that items contributing to a category generalization occurred close in the study sequence, or randomly ordered. Study items were learned faster and transfer performance was better with blocked presentation than with random presentation. In all three experiments, there was an effect for the similarity of transfer items to study material. There was some evidence suggesting an advantage for partially matching a category generalization. The results support a schema abstraction model in which transfer is a function of similarity to both specific category instances and to higher-order category information. (Author)","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"50 1","pages":"397-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74598371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 144

Limitations of exemplar-based generalization and the abstraction of categorical information. 基于范例的泛化和分类信息抽象的局限性。

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 1981-11-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.418

D. Homa, S. Sterling, Lawrence Trepel

{"title":"Limitations of exemplar-based generalization and the abstraction of categorical information.","authors":"D. Homa, S. Sterling, Lawrence Trepel","doi":"10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.418","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation of exemplar-based models of generalization was provided for illdefined categories in a category abstraction paradigm. Subjects initially classified 35 high-level distortions into three categories, defined by 5, 10, and 20 different patterns, followed by a transfer test administered immediately and after 1 wk. The transfer patterns included old, new, prototype, and unrelated exemplars, of which the new patterns were at one of five levels of similarity to a particular training (old) stimulus. In both experiments, increases in category size and oldnew similarity facilitated transfer performance. However, the effectiveness of old-new similarity was strongly attenuated by increases in category size and delay of the transfer test. It was concluded that examplar-based generalization may be effective only under conditions of minimal category experience and immediacy of test; with continued category experience, performance on the prototype determines classification accuracy. Categories are said to be ill defined (Neisser, 1967) when it is not obvious what dimensions characterize a category, and the variety among the potential members of a category is essentially infinite. Examples of ill-defined categories are quite diverse and would include the natural categories, musical style, hand-written letter As, and the class of sound patterns associated with a specific spoken word. How the human organism learns ill-defined categories, and how this knowledge is transferred to novel situations, has been a topic of considerable attention over the past 10 years. Posner and Keele (1968, 1970) argued that a prototype or central tendency is abstracted during the classification of distorted but related patterns. In their experiments, the subject initially sorted dot-pattern stimuli into a number of categories, with each category represented by a different reference pattern (objective prototype). ClasThis research was supported b y National Institute of","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"63 1","pages":"418-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85301191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 297

Nonauditory suffix effects in congenitally deaf signers of American Sign Language. 美国手语先天性聋哑人的非听觉后缀效应。

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 1981-11-01

M A Shand, E S Klima

引用次数: 0

Person memory: Some tests of associative storage and retrieval models 人记忆:联想存储和检索模型的一些测试

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 1981-11-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.440

T. K. Srull

引用次数: 521

Nonauditory suffix effects in congenitally deaf signers of American Sign Language. 美国手语先天性聋哑人的非听觉后缀效应。

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 1981-11-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.464

Michael A. Shand, E. Klima

引用次数: 95

Proactive interference effects with television news items: Further evidence. 电视新闻项目的主动干扰效应:进一步的证据。

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory Pub Date : 1981-11-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.6.480

B. Gunter, C. Berry, B. Clifford

引用次数: 24