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Estimate of prevalence of mild mental retardation: methodological aspects. 估计轻度智力迟钝的患病率:方法学方面。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
E Alberman
{"title":"Estimate of prevalence of mild mental retardation: methodological aspects.","authors":"E Alberman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper sets out from an epidemiological point of view problems of measuring the prevalence of mild mental retardation. These include the problems always met in prevalence studies, of the validity of the classification, the completeness of ascertainment and the estimation of the size and characteristics of the denominator population. They also include difficulties peculiar to the condition of mild mental retardation, including the choice of method of classification whether by IQ testing or administratively; the heterogeneous nature of the individuals so characterised; and the confounding effects of social and biological factors and the changes in the implications for the affected individual of the condition, depending on age, sex and environment. It is concluded that normally measurements of prevalence can only be carried out on school age children and that these will change with age, and that we probably know very little about prevalence or implications of mild mental retardation at other ages.</p>","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"44 ","pages":"34-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14607172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Screening and prevalence of mental retardation in four Finnish birth cohorts. 四个芬兰出生队列中智力迟钝的筛查和流行情况。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
R Kääriäinen
{"title":"Screening and prevalence of mental retardation in four Finnish birth cohorts.","authors":"R Kääriäinen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four birth cohorts born in 1969-1972 and living at the time of the census in Kuopio Province, Finland, were screened for mental retardation in two phases using school achievement tests in reading and mathematics. The criterion of mental retardation was established using psychological tests of verbal and visual perception abilities. The control groups of the two screening phases were randomly sampled from the studied birth cohorts. The case group was obtained on the basis of the mean and standard deviation of the control group scores in the psychological tests. A score of more than 2 SD under the mean (IQ less than or equal to 0.70) was the criterion of mental retardation. The overlap between the school achievement and psychological test matrices was explained with a general type canonical variate. The prevalence results were similar to earlier screening studies, but were clearly different from studies using only registered populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"44 ","pages":"41-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14607173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antecedents of behavior disturbance in mildly mentally retarded young adults. 轻度智障青年行为障碍的前因。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
H Koller, S A Richardson, M Katz
{"title":"Antecedents of behavior disturbance in mildly mentally retarded young adults.","authors":"H Koller,&nbsp;S A Richardson,&nbsp;M Katz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavior disturbance was found to be more frequent among mildly retarded (MMR) than a group of young adults matched during childhood for age, sex and social class. Reasons for this were examined. An unstable environment in childhood was found to be significantly related to behavior disturbance in both MMR and controls. The greater frequency of behavior disturbance among the MMR was due to their more frequently experiencing unstable environments in childhood than comparisons. Further, when stability of upbringing was held constant, differences in behaviour disturbance between the two groups were no longer found. Central nervous system damage was found not to be a contributory factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"44 ","pages":"105-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14604859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychiatric illness among the mildly mentally retarded. 轻度智障者的精神疾病。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
R Göstason
{"title":"Psychiatric illness among the mildly mentally retarded.","authors":"R Göstason","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between mental retardation and psychiatric disturbance was studied by comparing the mentally retarded in the age group 20-60 years with matched controls. The mildly retarded showed a higher degree of neuroticism but did not differ significantly from persons of higher intelligence in the frequency of mental illnesses. By contrast the severely retarded showed an increased mental morbidity, mainly in the form of chronic psychoorganic syndromes, as compared with both the mildly retarded and controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"44 ","pages":"115-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14604862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relative definition of handicap: implications for research. 残疾的相对定义:对研究的启示。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
M Söder
{"title":"Relative definition of handicap: implications for research.","authors":"M Söder","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to a relative definition handicap arises in the relation between an individual (with a weakness, an impairment or a disability) and his/her environment. To identify handicap it is therefore necessary to use environmental criteria as well as individual ones. Several attempts have been made to take a relative definition as a basis for classification and research. These attempts, however, often end up using a traditional clinical perspective by reducing the highly complex environmental circumstances to the ability of the individual to handle those circumstances. This is the case with the terminology and classification schemes proposed by WHO (International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps: ICIDH). This is also what seems to have happened with the relative notion of mental retardation, presented 15 years ago in terms of \"a social system perspective\". One of the reasons might be the methodological problems involved in handling the complexity of social environmental factors. To transcend the clinical perspective and take the full consequences of the relative definition social and behavioral research need to focus on the social meaning of handicap as it manifests itself in daily life. This calls for an anthropological approach in studying the everyday lives of mentally retarded persons as well as studies of the role of the professional in labelling those persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"44 ","pages":"24-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14607654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relation between criteria: case-finding method and prevalence. 标准之间的关系:病例发现方法与患病率。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
L Kebbon
{"title":"Relation between criteria: case-finding method and prevalence.","authors":"L Kebbon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to test some hypothesis of possible causes of different figures of prevalence reported for especially mild mental retardation ten Scandinavian studies 1961-1986 are reviewed, compared and critically analyzed. Theoretical definitions of mental retardation in these studies are found to correspond well. The operational procedures and measures used, in contrast, are much more heterogeneous and still more so the case-finding methods: sampling, screening or other identification procedures. It is concluded that case-finding methods are the most decisive factors for the resulting prevalence figures in epidemiological studies, especially concerning mild mental retardation. In an analogous way numbers of persons identified as mentally retarded within the special services (administratively classified by BPSMR) in different countries are determined by criteria for inclusion and social processes of different kinds.</p>","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"44 ","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14455936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A medical care and support program for families with multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndromes (MCA/MR). 为患有多种先天性异常-智力迟钝综合症(MCA/MR)的家庭提供的医疗保健和支持方案。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1987-01-01
G Annerén
{"title":"A medical care and support program for families with multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndromes (MCA/MR).","authors":"G Annerén","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A program for treatment--of high medical, emotional and social standard--for families with children with multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndromes (MCA/MR) is presented. Using limited resources, 17 physician hours per family until the child reached the age of seven years, a total of 120 MCA/MR children (52 infants with Down's syndrome) were treated between 1975 and 1984. The medical care and support program included daily sessions with both the parents during the neonatal period, according to the principles of crisis therapy. Consultations were continued with the same doctor at the children's outpatient care unit. This article describes this support program and its outcome to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"44 ","pages":"221-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14607170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reference list of biomedical and clinical publications. Uppsala 1985. 生物医学和临床出版物的参考书目。1985年乌普萨拉。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1986-01-01
{"title":"Reference list of biomedical and clinical publications. Uppsala 1985.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"43 ","pages":"1-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14460196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The 26th Scandinavian Congress of Neurology. Uppsala, June 11-14, 1986. Abstracts. 第26届斯堪的纳维亚神经病学大会。乌普萨拉，1986年6月11日至14日。摘要。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1986-01-01
{"title":"The 26th Scandinavian Congress of Neurology. Uppsala, June 11-14, 1986. Abstracts.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"43 ","pages":"1-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14584685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reference list of biomedical and clinical publications, Uppsala 1984. 《生物医学和临床出版物参考清单》，乌普萨拉，1984年。
Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement Pub Date : 1985-01-01
{"title":"Reference list of biomedical and clinical publications, Uppsala 1984.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76782,"journal":{"name":"Upsala journal of medical sciences. Supplement","volume":"42 ","pages":"1-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15030796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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