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Effect of ambient temperature on immune functions of athymic nude mice. 环境温度对胸腺裸鼠免疫功能的影响。
Thymus Pub Date : 1993-02-01
V Vetvicka, M Holub, J Houstek
{"title":"Effect of ambient temperature on immune functions of athymic nude mice.","authors":"V Vetvicka,&nbsp;M Holub,&nbsp;J Houstek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We performed cytoflourometric analysis of the expression of various T and B surface markers on lymphocytes isolated from bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes of nu/nu and +/+ mice kept at 22 or 28 degrees C for various time intervals. In bone marrow of nu/nu mice the cold exposure decreased the expression of sIg and CD4 molecules and increased expression of MHC class II antigens. In the spleen, the numbers of MHC class II and sIg expressing lymphocytes continually decreased with the length of cold exposure. At the same time, the number of CD4+ cells increased. The most pronounced changes in lymph nodes were observed in the expression of CD5 antigen. The values obtained from euthymic mice kept at cold temperature were always comparable to those found in mice kept at 28 degrees C. Exposure to lowered temperature caused in nu/nu mice also significant changes in appearance of subpopulations of cells differing in size and in density of antigens. The changes did not affect the antibody response to a thymus-independent antigen.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"21 1","pages":"11-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19461914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thymectomy as treatment of autoimmune diseases other than myasthenia gravis. 胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力以外的自身免疫性疾病。
Thymus Pub Date : 1993-02-01
V D'Andrea, L Malinovsky, V Ambrogi, M Artico, L G Capuano, F Buccolini, E De Antoni
{"title":"Thymectomy as treatment of autoimmune diseases other than myasthenia gravis.","authors":"V D'Andrea,&nbsp;L Malinovsky,&nbsp;V Ambrogi,&nbsp;M Artico,&nbsp;L G Capuano,&nbsp;F Buccolini,&nbsp;E De Antoni","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews the different series of thymectomies performed in patients with autoimmune diseases other than myasthenia gravis. It is possible that thymectomy can decrease the activity of T-helper lymphocytes or, alternatively, it may enhance the activity of T-suppressor lymphocytes, whose function is depressed in autoimmune diseases. Thymectomy was performed empirically for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The therapeutic benefits were questionable. Conflicting results were reported for thymectomy against autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Several trials were conducted to assess the therapeutic value of thymectomy in multiple sclerosis. Benefits were achieved only in relapsing-remitting but not in chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis. The effect of thymectomy in autoimmune diseases associated with myasthenia gravis were also reported. The authors conclude that thymectomy as treatment for autoimmune diseases other than myasthenia gravis is not elective therapeutic choice and it is acceptable only in selected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19461913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phenotype and adhesion characteristics of rat thymic macrophages cultivated in serum-free medium. 无血清培养基培养大鼠胸腺巨噬细胞的表型和粘附特性。
Thymus Pub Date : 1993-02-01
M Colić, D Drabek
{"title":"Phenotype and adhesion characteristics of rat thymic macrophages cultivated in serum-free medium.","authors":"M Colić,&nbsp;D Drabek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rat thymic macrophages (TMF) were cultivated in serum-free medium (Biorich 2) using an explant technique. This medium favored the growth of macrophages and inhibited the proliferation of other non-lymphoid cells. Macrophage characteristics of cultivated cells were confirmed by their morphology, NSE activity and positivity (approx. 95%) with ED1 and Mar 1 mAbs (pan-macrophage markers in the rat). The majority of non-adherent cells (NAC) released in culture medium during the proliferation of TMF also possessed macrophage characteristics. Both adherent TMF and NAC were heterogeneous cells expressing cortical/CMZ phenotype (ED2+, R-MC 41+, R-MC 42+) and CMZ/medullary phenotype (R-MC 43+, R-MC 44+). NAC population contained higher proportion of cells expressing class II MHC molecules, IL-2R and 1F119 antigen compared to adherent TMF. The TMF phenotype changed during cultivation and upon stimulation with inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha). TMF formed rosettes with syngeneic or allogeneic thymocytes both at 37 and 4 degrees C. The percentages of rosettes was dependent on the incubation time and TMF/thymocyte ratio. A higher percentage of immature thymocytes (CD4-CD8- or CD4+CD8+) bound to TMF compared to mature, cortisone-resistant thymocytes. The involvement of TMF membrane molecules in TMF/thymocyte adhesion was tested by preincubation of TMF with specific mAbs. It was found that Mar 1 mAb was partially inhibitory, OX-42 (anti CD11b) was slightly stimulatory, whereas other mAbs had no significant effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"21 1","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19461915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunomodulatory properties of cyclic hexapeptide oxytocin antagonists. 环六肽催产素拮抗剂的免疫调节特性。
Thymus Pub Date : 1992-12-01
V Geenen, H Martens, F Robert, Y Vrindts-Gevaert, D De Groote, P Franchimont
{"title":"Immunomodulatory properties of cyclic hexapeptide oxytocin antagonists.","authors":"V Geenen,&nbsp;H Martens,&nbsp;F Robert,&nbsp;Y Vrindts-Gevaert,&nbsp;D De Groote,&nbsp;P Franchimont","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The thymic repertoire of neuroendocrine 'self' antigens has been previously described on the basis of the intrathymic expression of neurohypophysial (NHP)- and tachykinin-related peptide signals and receptors. According to that model, the cryptocrine signalling between thymic epithelial/nurse cells and thymocytes through NHP-related signals and receptors constitutes one accessory pathway in the process of T-cell differentiation and/or activation. A pharmacological manipulation of that novel type of cell-to-cell signalling was tested by the investigation of the immunomodulatory properties of novel cyclic hexapeptide oxytocin (OT) antagonists (MSD Research Laboratories). These compounds were found to significantly inhibit the productions of cytokines (mainly IL-1 beta and IL-6) elicited by anti-CD3 treatment of human whole blood cell cultures. Cytokine productions were more significantly reduced by OT antagonists in whole blood cell cultures derived from female volunteers than in those obtained from male donors, suggesting an influence of the gonadal steroid environment on the expression of NHP peptide receptors by immune cells. These observations support the concept of novel immunomodulating approaches through immune-specific neuropeptide antagonists, as well as the pharmacological value of such strategies in selective immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"20 4","pages":"217-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12662904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Age-dependent induction of thymic lymphomas by N-propyl-N-nitrosourea in the F344/DuCrj rat. n -丙基-n -亚硝基脲诱导F344/DuCrj大鼠胸腺淋巴瘤的年龄依赖性
Thymus Pub Date : 1992-12-01
T Ogiu, H Fukami, M Nishimura, Y Shimada, A Maekawa
{"title":"Age-dependent induction of thymic lymphomas by N-propyl-N-nitrosourea in the F344/DuCrj rat.","authors":"T Ogiu,&nbsp;H Fukami,&nbsp;M Nishimura,&nbsp;Y Shimada,&nbsp;A Maekawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N-Propyl-N-nitrosourea (PNU) is one of the most potent thymic-lymphomagenic agents in rats. Our previous experiments strongly suggested that leukemogenic viruses were not the cause of thymic lymphomas in rats and that target cells of PNU exist in the thymus but not in the bone marrow. On the other hand, the role of retrovirus in lymphomagenesis is undeniable in mice. Therefore, chemically induced rat thymic lymphoma provides a good model to analyse lymphomagenesis without viral implications. In the present experiment 1, we investigated the relationship between the age of animal at commencement of PNU treatment and the incidence of thymic lymphomas. Incidences of thymic lymphomas were 100, 100, 80 and 18, and average latent periods were 15.1, 18.7, 25.4 and 27.3 weeks after the start of PNU-treatment, in 5-, 10-, 20- and 40-week-old groups, respectively. In experiment 2, rats were sacrificed postnatally at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 weeks each, and thymus weight, number of thymocytes in the thymus, frequency of mitosis, and percentage of OX-7 (Thy 1.1), OX-8 (CD8), or W3/25 (CD4) positive cells, were examined cytologically. Thymus weight, number of cells in the thymus and mitotic index were maximum at 10 weeks old, and thereafter decreased gradually. No marked changes were observed in the ratio of each cell-surface marker positive cell. These results indicate that induction of thymic lymphomas by PNU is very closely related with the total number of mitotic cells in the thymus. Thus, chemical induction of rat thymic lymphoma reflects an age-dependent function of the thymus.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"20 4","pages":"249-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12662906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phorbol ester induces down-regulation of CD4 molecule expression and resistance to in vitro infection by HIV1. 佛波酯诱导CD4分子表达下调及抗hiv体外感染。
Thymus Pub Date : 1992-12-01
J L Touraine, K Sanhadji, I Benard
{"title":"Phorbol ester induces down-regulation of CD4 molecule expression and resistance to in vitro infection by HIV1.","authors":"J L Touraine,&nbsp;K Sanhadji,&nbsp;I Benard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vitro infectivity of the MT4 lymphoid cell line with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been studied in correlation with the degree of expression of the CD4 molecule at the cell surface. To modulate this CD4 expression in vitro, pre-incubation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used. The lowest CD4 expression was obtained after 1 to 5 hours. Thereafter, a partial re-expression of OKT4 was observed, e.g., when the incubation time with PMA was extended to 20 hours. Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity decreased and was delayed proportionally to the length of incubation of cells with PMA. This observation was confirmed by the comparable variation of cytopathic effects and of p24 antigen release in culture supernatants. The decrease in HIV infectivity hence correlated with that of OKT4 expression when PMA treatment did not exceed a few hours. By contrast, after extended treatment, infectivity remained decreased although OKT4 expression reappeared.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"20 4","pages":"239-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12458263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
T cell receptor repertoire of gamma delta cells generated from the 14-day embryonic mouse thymus. 从14天胚胎小鼠胸腺中产生的γ δ细胞的T细胞受体库。
Thymus Pub Date : 1992-12-01
C Schleussner, S Kuzio, N Schultze, C Burdet, A G Fisher, R Ceredig
{"title":"T cell receptor repertoire of gamma delta cells generated from the 14-day embryonic mouse thymus.","authors":"C Schleussner,&nbsp;S Kuzio,&nbsp;N Schultze,&nbsp;C Burdet,&nbsp;A G Fisher,&nbsp;R Ceredig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whole, undisrupted 14 day mouse fetal thymus lobes cultured in the presence of 10 U/ml IL-2 generate a heterogeneous population of gamma delta-expressing T cells. Phenotypic analysis has shown that the majority of gamma delta T cells in such cultures stain with the anti-V gamma 3-specific mAb 536. To investigate the V gamma T-cell receptor diversity of cultured fetal thymocytes, cDNA was prepared and amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. The DNA fragments obtained were subsequently cloned and sequenced and compared with those obtained from fresh and organ-cultured 14 day fetal thymus lobes. Results obtained tend to support a positive selection model of gamma delta T cell differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"20 4","pages":"195-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12661608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conditioning of Nude bone marrow increases in vitro migration to thymus supernatant. 裸骨髓调节增加体外迁移到胸腺上清。
Thymus Pub Date : 1992-12-01
A J Hall, J L Haar, K R McCormick, H D Massey, R K Elswick
{"title":"Conditioning of Nude bone marrow increases in vitro migration to thymus supernatant.","authors":"A J Hall,&nbsp;J L Haar,&nbsp;K R McCormick,&nbsp;H D Massey,&nbsp;R K Elswick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The thymus must be continuously seeded by cells termed prothymocytes in order to maintain normal T-cell development (Scollay et al. 1986). Using parabiotic studies, the source of prothymocytes appears to be either from the fetal liver or the adult bone marrow (Roderwald et al. 1992). The ability of the body to distinguish self from non-self and mount a functionally mature immune response is dependent upon the intrathymic education of these cells. Therefore, it is apparent that successful migration of prothymocytes into the thymus is an inescapable event in the development and maintenance of the immune system. Utilization of the athymic Nude mouse is a valuable asset in the elucidation of the mechanisms influencing the migration of bone marrow cells into the thymus. Its aberration enables investigators to examine the effect of thymic factors on cells previously devoid of thymic influence. In an attempt to understand the migration of normal prothymocytes into the thymus, we analyzed the in vitro migration of athymic bone marrow cells towards newborn thymus supernatant. Adult athymic murine bone marrow cells were incubated in either thymus supernatant or media and allowed to migrate toward one or the other. Similar control experiments were performed using CBA adult mice. Results indicate that athymic bone marrow migration towards both supernatant and media can be restored to control levels after incubation in thymus supernatant.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"20 4","pages":"227-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12662905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reptilian thymus gland: an ultrastructural overview. 爬行动物胸腺的超微结构综述。
Thymus Pub Date : 1992-11-01
A H Saad, A Zapata
{"title":"Reptilian thymus gland: an ultrastructural overview.","authors":"A H Saad,&nbsp;A Zapata","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Like in higher vertebrates, the thymus gland of reptiles consists of lymphoid cells within epithelial framework and characteristic myoid cells. Mammalian-like Hassall's corpuscles are absent. Secretory cells, secretory and degenerative cysts as well as phagocytic cells, and plasma cells can be observed. Interdigitating cells and some characteristic features of thymic innervation and vascular system are also described in the reptilian thymus gland.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"20 3","pages":"135-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12632406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interdigitating cells in the rat thymus during cyclosporin A treatment: ultrastructural observations. 环孢素A对大鼠胸腺间指细胞的超微结构观察。
Thymus Pub Date : 1992-11-01
E J de Waal, L H Rademakers, H J Schuurman, H van Loveren
{"title":"Interdigitating cells in the rat thymus during cyclosporin A treatment: ultrastructural observations.","authors":"E J de Waal,&nbsp;L H Rademakers,&nbsp;H J Schuurman,&nbsp;H van Loveren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II-positive cells are almost completely absent in the rat thymic medulla after cyclosporin A (CsA) exposure. This phenomenon has been related to alterations in the medullary interdigitating cells (IDCs), representing either down-modulation of RT1 class II antigen on persistent IDCs, or actual disappearance of IDCs. To resolve this issue, we performed an ultrastructural study of the rat thymic medulla during CsA treatment (15 mg/kg body weight/day CsA subcutaneously for 7 to 14 days). At day 7 after exposure, only very few IDCs could be identified. They showed an abnormal ultrastructural morphology as judged by inconspicuous membrane interdigitations and lack of Birbeck granules. At day 14, the number of IDCs was larger. At this time, the IDCs had a normal ultrastructure, except for the almost complete absence of Birbeck granules. We conclude that CsA causes an initial depletion of IDCs from the thymic medulla. The ultrastructural morphology of the few IDCs present suggests an immature character. New IDC immigrants appear in the medullary area already during CsA treatment, indicating early recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":76738,"journal":{"name":"Thymus","volume":"20 3","pages":"163-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12632408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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