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The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society最新文献

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The oldest old: a fresh perspective or compassionate ageism revisited? 最老的老人:一个全新的视角还是重新审视富有同情心的老年歧视?
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
R H Binstock
{"title":"The oldest old: a fresh perspective or compassionate ageism revisited?","authors":"R H Binstock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A focus on persons aged 85 and over is a timely measure for better understanding the implications of population aging. Yet, it may generate inaccurate stereotypes that reinforce anxieties about conflicts between age groups in the allocation of health and social welfare resources. Alternative constructs enable consideration of a variety of options that differ from unnecessary extrapolations from existing public policies. These range from market initiatives, through state and local government actions, to federal intervention for meeting the challenges of becoming \"an aging society.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 2","pages":"420-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15003807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health and disease among the oldest old: a clinical perspective. 老年人的健康和疾病:临床视角。
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
K L Minaker, J Rowe
{"title":"Health and disease among the oldest old: a clinical perspective.","authors":"K L Minaker,&nbsp;J Rowe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interactions of aging and disease are poorly understood by both clinicians and the aged themselves. The altered expressions of illness in the oldest old--in severity, presentation, and perception--provide a clinical challenge to treatment as well as to the formulation of health policy. A progressively diverse population, the oldest old will require new strategies for individualized care (acute and long-term), case-finding, research and training, and health promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 2","pages":"324-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15006418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who are the underinsured? 谁是保险不足的人?
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
P J Farley
{"title":"Who are the underinsured?","authors":"P J Farley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inadequate insurance, whether private or public, can impose ruinous private hardship and unexpected public burdens. \"Who are the underinsured?\" is both a definitional and an empirical question. Data from the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey, applied under various concepts of risk and expense, reveal that over a quarter of the nonelderly population is inadequately protected against the possibility of large medical bills. The private burdens of the underinsured are widely distributed across the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 3","pages":"476-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15049832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chronic hazards and acute enforcement: dilemma for occupational health enforcement policy. 慢性危害与急性执行:职业卫生执行政策的困境。
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3349900
J. Weeks, M. L. Jordan
{"title":"Chronic hazards and acute enforcement: dilemma for occupational health enforcement policy.","authors":"J. Weeks, M. L. Jordan","doi":"10.2307/3349900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3349900","url":null,"abstract":"It is a well-understood principle of public health--and of disease control in general--that preventive efforts must be consistent with the natural history of a targeted disease. Governmental standards-setting and enforcement policies in occupational health confuse short-term strategies for safety hazard control with long-term disease control. Recent decisions in mining to rely on \"significant and substantial\" acute risk are incompatible with medical and epidemiological evidence on the nature and progress of chronic disease in many industries.","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"23 1","pages":"127-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88974417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Chronic hazards and acute enforcement: dilemma for occupational health enforcement policy. 慢性危害与急性执行:职业卫生执行政策的困境。
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
J L Weeks, M L Jordan
{"title":"Chronic hazards and acute enforcement: dilemma for occupational health enforcement policy.","authors":"J L Weeks,&nbsp;M L Jordan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is a well-understood principle of public health--and of disease control in general--that preventive efforts must be consistent with the natural history of a targeted disease. Governmental standards-setting and enforcement policies in occupational health confuse short-term strategies for safety hazard control with long-term disease control. Recent decisions in mining to rely on \"significant and substantial\" acute risk are incompatible with medical and epidemiological evidence on the nature and progress of chronic disease in many industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 1","pages":"127-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14967931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recalling pain and other symptoms. 回忆疼痛和其他症状。
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
S E Fienberg, E F Loftus, J M Tanur
{"title":"Recalling pain and other symptoms.","authors":"S E Fienberg,&nbsp;E F Loftus,&nbsp;J M Tanur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Questions relating to symptoms are an important ingredient in many surveys of health status. Yet, the understanding of mechanisms for the recall of pain, and the cognitive aspects of memory for pain and other symptoms, have eluded investigators. Even within limits imposed by current imperfect knowledge of the physiology of pain, more collaborative research on recall would improve the completeness and accuracy of clinical diagnostic interviews, insurance adjudications, morbidity statistics, and health survey interviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 3","pages":"582-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14967575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introducing the "oldest old". 介绍“最老的老人”。
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
R Suzman, M W Riley
{"title":"Introducing the \"oldest old\".","authors":"R Suzman,&nbsp;M W Riley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mounting numbers of the very old--their percentage of the population will double in the next 15 years--is so new a phenomenon that there is little in historical experience to help in interpreting it. Not only are the older living longer, but they are also growing older in markedly different ways from their predecessors. The work at hand, still partial and tentative, indicates that the oldest old can no longer remain invisible in the economy, the polity, the health care system, or the statistical records.</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 2","pages":"177-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14967933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social roles and health trends of American women. 美国妇女的社会角色和健康趋势。
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
L M Verbrugge, J H Madans
{"title":"Social roles and health trends of American women.","authors":"L M Verbrugge,&nbsp;J H Madans","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The statistical results concur closely with descriptive ones presented earlier, indicating that the latter are not results of random variations. The main effects of employment, the contingent effects of parenthood, and the time trends modeled here are the same as reported earlier. (Only two differences occur. First, among white married women, mothers have statistically more acute conditions than nonmothers. We saw this parenthood effect earlier for nonemployed married women, but not for employed ones [results were inconsistent]. The statistical analysis smooths those inconsistencies and reveals that employed mothers also experience more acute conditions than their nonmother peers. Second, among white married women, older housewives show statistically increased chronic limitation over time. Earlier we saw a rise for housewives without children. The latter parenthood effect is statistically smaller than the age effect.) The singular advantage of the statistical analysis has been its ability to highlight interaction effects among the variables, some of which were not considered in the descriptive section. Comparing the models, note how those for short- and long-term disability are very similar to each other but distinctly different from the acute-condition models. This means that social roles and age influence short- and long-term disability in the same way. Specifically, both are greater for older and nonemployed women, being especially high for older nonemployed women and housewives without children. By contrast, the most consistent factor affecting acute-condition incidence and impact is presence of children. Children increase their mothers' experience of acute problems but reduce the amount of recuperative time and medical care taken for them.</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 4","pages":"691-735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14972118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health status and service needs of the oldest old: current patterns and future trends. 老年人的健康状况和服务需求:当前模式和未来趋势。
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
B J Soldo, K G Manton
{"title":"Health status and service needs of the oldest old: current patterns and future trends.","authors":"B J Soldo,&nbsp;K G Manton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The costs--economic and social--of projected increased use of long-term care services by the oldest old will be borne by third-party payers and by their families, who already supply the bulk of personal care services in the community. However, use of health services is concerned among a relatively small group of disabled aged; efficient planning for those aged 85 and over requires early reliable identification of those most in need. Life table models can be used to display health care policy options.</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 2","pages":"286-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15006417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive aspects of health surveys for public information and policy. 公共信息和政策卫生调查的认知方面。
The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society Pub Date : 1985-01-01
S E Fienberg, E F Loftus, J M Tanur
{"title":"Cognitive aspects of health surveys for public information and policy.","authors":"S E Fienberg,&nbsp;E F Loftus,&nbsp;J M Tanur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health survey data are an important and efficient source of information for policy makers and administrators. But caution is warranted: surveys do not show cause-and-effect relations, and they are no substitute for randomized controlled experimentation in predicting behavior. The variety of surveys--governmental and private--is increasing, and both methodology employed and interpretation of results can be improved in suggested ways.</p>","PeriodicalId":76697,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and society","volume":"63 3","pages":"598-614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15022220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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