American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research最新文献_第9页

Improvement of black cotton soil with cattle bone powder 牛骨粉改良黑棉土

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.3.175.180

A. Iorliam, S. Obam

{"title":"Improvement of black cotton soil with cattle bone powder","authors":"A. Iorliam, S. Obam","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.3.175.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.3.175.180","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory tests were conducted on black cotton soil (BCS) treated with cattle bone powder (CBP) in incremental order of 2 % up to 10 % of dry weight of soil sample, to ascertain its suitability for use as flexible pavement material. Classification, free swell, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, were conducted on BCS samples treated with CBP. Results of the tests showed that, BCS is an A – 7 – 6 and CL respectively using the American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO) and unified soil classification system (USCS) respectively. The plasticity index (PI) and free swell of BCS reduced from 29.3 % and 48 % to 17.8 % and 36 % respectively. The maximum dry density reduced from 1.59 Mg/m 3 to 1.40 Mg/m 3 at 10 % CBP. The reduction in the values of PI and free swell are indication of improvement in the swelling property of BCS. At 10 % CBP content, maximum unconfined compressive strength (UCS) results values of 367 kN/m 2 , 670 kN/m 2 and 1031 kN/m 2 were obtained at 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. The improvements in some of the geotechnical properties of BCS observed were not adequate enough for its use in road work. However, CBP can be used as a modifier, in the stabilization of BCS with cement or other additives.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"90 1","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74205184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Dilemma of Falciparum Malaria and Telecommunications in Northeastern Nigeria 尼日利亚东北部恶性疟疾与电信的困境

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.3.157.165

J. Tyndall, Shehu Olumoh

{"title":"The Dilemma of Falciparum Malaria and Telecommunications in Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"J. Tyndall, Shehu Olumoh","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.3.157.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.3.157.165","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the prevalence of malaria, in relation to interpersonal communication ownership amongst adults and pregnant women in Adamawa. A database was designed at the American University of Nigeria, in collaboration with the Federal Medical Center in Yola. The database comprised patient information on age, sex, and the species of malaria, parasitaemia levels and ownership of interpersonal communication. For females, pregnancy status was noted. Over fortythree percent of all 1126 patients screened had malaria. Infection levels due to Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae were 42.7% and 0.9 % respectively, demonstrating a significant difference (p<0.05) between these two different parasite species. Of the adults 77.8 % did not own cell phones (p<0.05) and 34.3% were women as compared to 23.4% of men. Sixty three percent of the pregnant women had malaria. The percent of pregnant women in this study who did not have any form of personal telecommunication was over ninety percent which was highly significant (p<0.05). High levels of infections due to the more deadly parasite P. falciparum were observed with sporadic cases of P. malariae in this region, and distinct differences in phone ownership based on gender in adults. The analysis of the patient database confirms a direct correlation between the absence of cell phones and the high prevalence of falciparum malaria particularly in women including pregnant women. Furthermore, higher P. falciparum levels were observed in women in the later stage pregnancy in comparison to those in the early stages. Key phrases: Plasmodium falciparum, interpersonal communication, malaria, public health, parasitaemia, telemedicine, pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"67 1","pages":"157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79530218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Validation of analytical algorithms for the estimation of soil thermal properties using de Vries model 利用de Vries模型估算土壤热特性的分析算法的验证

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.103.114

M. Adeniyi, S. Oshunsanya

{"title":"Validation of analytical algorithms for the estimation of soil thermal properties using de Vries model","authors":"M. Adeniyi, S. Oshunsanya","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.103.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.103.114","url":null,"abstract":"Soil thermal conductivity, and diffusivity together with the damping depth of soil temperature computed using Amplitude decay, Phase shift, Harmonic (amplitude based and phase based), Arctangent, Logarithmic and conduction-convection algorithms were compared with those obtained from de Vries model. The amplitude decay algorithm yielded the most reliable values of the soil thermal properties of all the estimation methods with mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and relative maximum error (RME) of 0.04, 0.05 and 5.63% respectively for soil thermal conductivity. Harmonic algorithm (using the amplitude of the first 4 harmonics) gave values of the soil thermal properties next to the amplitude decay algorithm with MAE, RMSE and RME values 0.41, 0.44 and 47.84% respectively for soil thermal conductivity. Higher error values were associated with the other algorithms. The Arctangent algorithm gave the most deviated values of soil thermal properties with RME of 156.83% for soil thermal conductivity. For soil moisture content between 0.168 and 0.189 (> critical soil moisture content) the values of the soil thermal properties of the loamy sand decreased with increasing soil moisture, while they increased with increasing soil aeration.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"103-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73926916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete bridge pier subjected to seismic loading 地震荷载作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩有限元分析

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.94.98

H. Hasan, A. Rahman

{"title":"Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete bridge pier subjected to seismic loading","authors":"H. Hasan, A. Rahman","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.94.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.94.98","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of the damage caused by seismic action, to existing bridges has received an important attention in recent years, because it is the first step towards reducing casualties and economic losses. All reinforced concrete bridges in Iraq which have been constructed were designed by outdated building codes that did not account for large seismic activities and were designed with typical transverse reinforcement spacing that far exceed today's standards and are therefore insufficient to resist the laterally applied loads. The evaluation of the damage caused by earthquakes in existing bridges became necessary in Iraq especially after the huge earthquakes in the neighbor countries such as Bam earthquake in Iran on 26 December 2003 with a magnitude Mw= 6.6 and Van Earthquake in Turkey on 23 October 2011 with a magnitude Mw=7.2. Therefore, this finite element analysis will involve modeling a typical scaled version of a reinforced concrete bridge pier that is usually being used in typical bridges in Iraq. The pier will have a vertical load applied at the top to simulate the dead loads of the superstructure and will also be subjected to seismic loading. The main objective of this study is to investigate the damage in the typical reinforced concrete bridge pier under seismic loads of intensity same as that happened in the area around Iraq and see whether it will support such an earthquake or not.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"94-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75756600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Evaluation of fatty acids profile of ethyl esters of yellow oleander and groundnut oils as biodiesel feedstock 黄夹竹桃和花生油作为生物柴油原料的乙酯脂肪酸谱的评价

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.62.68

M. Oseni, S. Obetta

引用次数: 4

Development and validation of a stability indicating analytical method for the related substances of Bosentan drug substance by HPLC 波生坦原料药相关物质HPLC稳定性指示分析方法的建立与验证

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.69.80

M. A. Khan, Sukumar Sinha, M. Todkar, V. Parashar, K. Swamy, N. Mumbai

{"title":"Development and validation of a stability indicating analytical method for the related substances of Bosentan drug substance by HPLC","authors":"M. A. Khan, Sukumar Sinha, M. Todkar, V. Parashar, K. Swamy, N. Mumbai","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.69.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.69.80","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate & sensitive stability indicating analytical method has been developed for the control of impurities in Bosentan API. Four impurities (impurity A, B, C & D) were isolated from the API and were characterized by spectroscopic studies. An HPLC equipped with quaternary gradient pumps, variable wavelength UV detector attached with data recorder and integrator software was used. A Zorbax SB-C8 (250 x 4.6mm, 5µ) column at 25°C was used with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and the compounds were detected at 220 nm. Mobile phase A consisted of buffer (1gm of octane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt and 1 ml triethyl amine in 1 liter of water, pH adjusted to 2.5 with perchloric acid) and methanol was used as mobile phase B. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection & quantification. Robustness testing was also conducted to evaluate the effect of minor changes to the chromatographic system and to establish appropriate system suitability parameters. All of them were found to be satisfactory for the method. Thus the method can very well be implemented in quality control laboratories and in stability testing departments.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"158 1","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73121265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Zero-lag white noise vector bilinear autoregressive time series models 零滞后白噪声矢量双线性自回归时间序列模型

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.86.93

E. Etuk, I. Iwok

{"title":"Zero-lag white noise vector bilinear autoregressive time series models","authors":"E. Etuk, I. Iwok","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.86.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.86.93","url":null,"abstract":"The non linear part of a mixed bilinear time series structure seems to pose difficulty if we are to extract the pure autoregressive (AR) bilinear form from the mixed process with the condition that the outcome of such extraction clearly defines itself as an extension from its parent linear AR model. It is therefore of immense interest to address a ‘ bilinear’ situation where the same “order” identified in the linear AR processes are extended to cover the linear and non linear components of a bilinear process with an exception that the lagged white noise process is allowed to remain in its present state. This research focused on these two innovations where the white noise is lagged zero to isolate a pure vector AR bilinear model from a mixed process based on the distribution of autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation function of the different series involved in a vector process, and the extension of the linear ‘orders’ to bilinear ‘orders’. To achieve the aforementioned, we formulated a matrix for a general case of n-dimensional vector for an AR process and then considered a special case of zero lag of white noise. With given conditions, and introduction of diagonal matrix of lagged vector elements, special bilinear expressions reflecting the same ‘orders’ of the corresponding linear forms emerged. The zero lagged white noise denoted by it-0 clearly defined our models as pure AR bilinear models since the lag l = 0 and is equivalent to the current state white noise t of the linear AR process. These gave a brilliant meaning to vector bilinear AR processes in terms of linear AR ‘orders’. The workability of these special bilinear models was assessed by applying them to revenue series and the result showed that the models gave a good fit, in support of our idea.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Assessment of the physicochemical characteristics of rain and runoff water in University of Maiduguri–Nigeria staff quarters 迈杜古里-尼日利亚大学员工宿舍雨水和径流水的物理化学特征评估

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.99.102

M. Waziri, J. Akinniyi

引用次数: 10

Comparative analysis of problem-solving ability among JSS mathematics students using computer-assisted instruction blended with problem-solving approach (CAI-PS) versus traditional teaching approach (TTP) in teaching basic statistics 采用计算机辅助教学混合问题解决方法(CAI-PS)与传统教学方法(TTP)在基础统计学教学中的问题解决能力比较分析

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.81.85

Telima Adolphus, T. Aderonmu

{"title":"Comparative analysis of problem-solving ability among JSS mathematics students using computer-assisted instruction blended with problem-solving approach (CAI-PS) versus traditional teaching approach (TTP) in teaching basic statistics","authors":"Telima Adolphus, T. Aderonmu","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.81.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.81.85","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this research is to demonstrate and discuss the educational implications of using CAI-PS or TTP in enhancing problem solving abilities among JSS 1 Mathematics students. A survey and quasi-experimental design were employed using the likert scale and the t-test respectively. Research question and two null hypothesis were raised at 5% (α = 0.05) level of significance. Data collecting instruments include the mathematics Teachers questionnaire (MTQ), used for the teachers while the Structural Statistics Test (SST) was used for the mathematics students. Result of the study revealed that unavailability of CAI equipments and low level of teachers’ competency in computer usage affects the use of CAI-PS for content delivery .Following the findings of the study, it was recommended amongst others that there should be provision of adequate computers and instructional (teaching) related equipments to facilitate mathematics teaching and learning and compulsory inclusion of computer usage in teaching, for all teacher education programmes.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"99 1","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80942033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A comparison of secondary schools students’ levels of conception of qualitative and quantitative inorganic analysis 对中学生的概念水平进行定性和定量的无机分析比较

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.56.61

F. Adesoji, N. Omilani

{"title":"A comparison of secondary schools students’ levels of conception of qualitative and quantitative inorganic analysis","authors":"F. Adesoji, N. Omilani","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.56.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.2.56.61","url":null,"abstract":"This study constructed a two tier multiple choice questions to assess the levels of conception of students in qualitative and quantitative inorganic analysis. The study is an ex-post facto. The population consisted of all S.S.S.3 students in Ibadan south-west local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria. The sample is made of five public and five private schools selected from the local government and a total of 500 students attempted the test. The data were analysed using Analysis Of Variance and Tukey to ascertain the direction of difference in the three levels of conception. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the three levels of conception by the secondary school students in Chemistry. More students were discovered to be at the macroscopic level which was the farthest from the meaningful learning of the concepts. Furthermore, very few were at the submicroscopic and symbolic levels of conception which was the closest to the meaning of those concepts in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Recommendations based on the importance of proper and high level of conception were made.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"166 1","pages":"56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73269910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8