{"title":"Prediction versus reflection in therapist demonstrations of understanding: a replication with clinical cases.","authors":"V S Alpher, I D Turkat","doi":"10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02688.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02688.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous analogue research with college students shows that therapists who make accurate predictions of their patient's behaviour are judged as more demonstrative of understanding their patient's problems than therapists who make reflections or request further information. The present study replicated this research and extended it by using psychotherapy out-patients as subjects. Similar findings were obtained. Further, therapists who employed accurate predictions were judged as more likely to mediate successful therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"59 ( Pt 3) ","pages":"235-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14886537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The case of the anxious executive: a study from the research clinic.","authors":"G Parry, D A Shapiro, J Firth","doi":"10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02687.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02687.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most psychotherapists are neither active researchers nor consumers of research findings. Research approaches are needed which build a bridge between clinical realism and independent evidence, but which are applicable in National Health Service settings by clinicians lacking substantial research resources. A new method of clinical inquiry is described which combines measurement techniques developed in psychotherapy research with the therapist's session notes and client perceptions of helpful events in therapy. The method is illustrated by a case study which examines the content of helpful and unhelpful therapy sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"59 ( Pt 3) ","pages":"221-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14886536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Depersonalization and agoraphobia associated with marijuana use.","authors":"C Moran","doi":"10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02684.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02684.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the role of uncontrolled depersonalization associated with marijuana use in the development of agoraphobia. Cases of six people are described, all of whom reported first experiencing depersonalization while using marijuana, and subsequently experiencing depersonalization while not using the drug. A fear of this 'uncontrolled' depersonalization resulted in considerable anticipatory anxiety and panic attacks. Patients ultimately presented for treatment of agoraphobia. A temporal relationship between marijuana use, uncontrolled depersonalization, panic attacks and agoraphobia does not imply causality. Comparison of these cases with other agoraphobia clinic patients provides tentative evidence for a difference between the two types of patients. There were no systematic patterns of stressors in the cases prior to the onset of symptoms. Data obtained before and after treatment indicated the cases were slightly more severe than clinic patients. Males and females were represented equally in the cases, whereas there was a higher incidence of females in the clinic patients. The cases' age of onset was younger than that of the clinic patients. Our standard cognitive-behavioural treatment programme required modification to account for the intensity of the fear of depersonalization in the cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"59 ( Pt 2) ","pages":"187-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14611579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Depression in the young unemployed and those on Youth Opportunities Schemes.","authors":"A Branthwaite, S Garcia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using interviews and psychometric measures, this study compared the experiences and opinions of unemployment of four small groups of young people who were: unemployed, on a Youth Opportunities Placement Scheme, on a Youth Opportunities Project Scheme, or employed apprentices. It was found by means of the Beck Depression Inventory, that there were significant differences between the groups, with the employed being less depressed than the other three groups. The two groups on Youth Opportunities Schemes were intermediate but not significantly different from the unemployed. No significant differences were found using the Neuroticism scale of the EPI. This measure of depression, and the general attitudes expressed in discussion, support the conclusion that although the Youth Opportunities Scheme tends to reduce depression from being unemployed, it does not provide the psychological benefits of permanent employment, as suggested by previous research. This discrepancy in findings is discussed and the question raised as to whether the positive benefits of training programmes are sustained over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"58 ( Pt 1) ","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15101397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Content analysis of brief psychotherapy sessions.","authors":"K Hawton, J Reibstein, R Fieldsend, M Whalley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In studying the process of psychotherapy, detailed and reliable methods of describing the components are required. Such a method for content analysis of brief psychotherapy sessions is described. It is comprehensive and has satisfactory inter-rater reliability. It proved to have predictive validity in that it identified characteristics of the treatment approach, and most of the changes in therapeutic activity during the course of treatment, that had been predicted beforehand. In addition, similar patterns in the use of therapeutic strategies were found for therapists from different professional backgrounds trained in the same treatment approach. This method of analysis is recommended for future studies of content of psychotherapeutic treatments, including investigations of the relationship between content of treatment and outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":" ","pages":"164-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40715962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Content analysis of brief psychotherapy sessions.","authors":"K. Hawton, J. Reibstein, R. Fieldsend, M. Whalley","doi":"10.1111/J.2044-8341.1982.TB01495.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2044-8341.1982.TB01495.X","url":null,"abstract":"In studying the process of psychotherapy, detailed and reliable methods of describing the components are required. Such a method for content analysis of brief psychotherapy sessions is described. It is comprehensive and has satisfactory inter-rater reliability. It proved to have predictive validity in that it identified characteristics of the treatment approach, and most of the changes in therapeutic activity during the course of treatment, that had been predicted beforehand. In addition, similar patterns in the use of therapeutic strategies were found for therapists from different professional backgrounds trained in the same treatment approach. This method of analysis is recommended for future studies of content of psychotherapeutic treatments, including investigations of the relationship between content of treatment and outcome.","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"164-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77557181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A social worker's view.","authors":"J Carr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"53 3","pages":"195-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18429247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical judgement and clinical training: a psychiatrist's response.","authors":"J P Watson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"53 3","pages":"198-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18429248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decision-making in general practice.","authors":"P Higgins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"53 3","pages":"193-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18425630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical judgement and training in nursing.","authors":"J Wilson-Barnett","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76611,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of medical psychology","volume":"53 3","pages":"196-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18425631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}