The British journal of cancer. Supplement最新文献_第2页

Eliciting lay beliefs across cultures: principles and methodology. 激发跨文化的世俗信仰:原则和方法。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-09-01

T Sensky

{"title":"Eliciting lay beliefs across cultures: principles and methodology.","authors":"T Sensky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Lay beliefs about illness, its causes and its treatment, do not necessarily concur with medical knowledge, and can sometimes be highly idiosyncratic. These beliefs are likely to be influential in help-seeking, in patients' attitudes to professional help, and in the manner in which patients participate is the management of their illness. Clinicians thus need to understand such lay beliefs and attitudes in order to engage their patients in treatment and to provide optimal care. Lay beliefs are likely to be influenced by the individual's culture and hence also by ethnic group. In attempting to understand the patient's beliefs, the researcher or clinician runs the risk of ethnocentricity-viewing the patient's culture inappropriately from the clinician's own perspective. In some senses, this applies to every clinical encounter-patient and clinician always come from different cultures, in the broad sense. Sensitive clinicians develop expertise at bridging this cultural gap and seeing the patient's problems from the latter's viewpoint. However, more systematic investigation of beliefs and attitudes within a given culture can be pursued using the anthropological technique of ethnography. Ethnographic interviewing can yield qualitative data which can then be taken further in quantitative studies. To minimise the risks of ethnocentricity, it may be appropriate to analyse such data not using customary statistical methods but non-linear multivariate data analysis.","PeriodicalId":76609,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of cancer. Supplement","volume":"29 ","pages":"S63-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2149866/pdf/brjcancersuppl00087-0075.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19754384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smoking cessation programmes targeted at black and minority ethnic communities. 针对黑人和少数民族社区的戒烟计划。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-09-01

C Farren, J Naidoo

引用次数: 0

Cancer and ethnic minorities--the Department of Health's perspective. 癌症和少数民族——卫生部的观点。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-09-01

V Bahl

引用次数: 0

Cervical cancer screening: meeting the needs of minority ethnic women. 子宫颈癌筛查:满足少数民族妇女的需求。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-09-01

K Luke

{"title":"Cervical cancer screening: meeting the needs of minority ethnic women.","authors":"K Luke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding of the uptake of cervical screening among women from minority ethnic groups, and how acceptable they find the process, still requires some considerable progress. This paper attempts to review the material available, identify the issues and discuss ways in which progress might be made in future. Mortality from cervical cancer is higher among women born in the Caribbean Commonwealth than the standardised rate for women living in England and Wales. By contrast, mortality among women born in the Indian subcontinent and African Commonwealth is comparatively lower. Data about the incidence of cervical cancer among minority ethnic women are in short supply and some research findings are contradictory. For instance, Asian women may have either higher or lower rates of cervical cancer than the rest of the female population. Clearly further work is needed to establish whether Asian or other minority populations are high risk groups and why. There is also a need to assess trends regularly to see what impact migration has on incidence and mortality rates. Recent publication by the Health Education Authority of the results of its survey of health and lifestyles among black and minority ethnic groups in England provided welcome information about their uptake of cervical screening. Rates differ considerably between the different minority groups surveyed and the challenge now is to use all this information to inform the process of developing an approach to increasing uptake that is culturally appropriate.","PeriodicalId":76609,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of cancer. Supplement","volume":"29 ","pages":"S47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2149871/pdf/brjcancersuppl00087-0059.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19754382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breast screening and ethnic minorities. 乳房检查和少数民族。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-09-01

T Hoare

{"title":"Breast screening and ethnic minorities.","authors":"T Hoare","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The concern for minority ethnic women is whether they are disadvantaged either in terms of the incidence of breast cancer or because of a lower uptake of screening. There are considerable worldwide variations in the incidence of breast cancer. The lowest rates are found in Chinese, Japanese and Arabic populations and women from the Indian subcontinent, and are 2-3 times lower than that of the UK. This may change in future generations. Although minority ethnic women are not a high risk group for the breast screening programme, in absolute terms breast cancer is a major health problem. Very few studies have measured ethnic differences in the uptake of screening, and they may be confounded by such factors as socio-economic group. When this is accounted for, uptake by Asian women may not necessarily be lower than by other women in the same area and can be higher for black than white women. One of the most important reasons for non-attendance is inaccurate screening registers, compounded for Asian women by their return, or extended visits, to the Indian subcontinent. A further organisational issue concerns poor awareness of minority ethnic naming systems, causing confusion over the receipt of invitations. Comprehension of the concept of screening may be difficult for minority ethnic women yet there has been little evaluation of strategies to promote understanding. However a randomised controlled trial of a linkworker intervention, designed to be feasible for implementation on a population basis, showed no increase in the uptake of breast screening by Asian women. This does not undermine linkworkers' role but suggests that their efforts should be used in other ways. It is essential to assess the relative importance of reasons for low uptake and evaluate measures to meet any unmet need, so that resources can be directed in the most effective way.","PeriodicalId":76609,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of cancer. Supplement","volume":"29 ","pages":"S38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2149862/pdf/brjcancersuppl00087-0050.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19754380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sources and uses of data on cancer among ethnic groups. 少数民族癌症数据的来源和使用。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-09-01

S Harding, E J Allen

引用次数: 0

Assessing the health needs for cancer services for people from ethnic groups. 评估族裔群体对癌症服务的健康需求。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-09-01

S Rawaf

引用次数: 0

Recent developments in the design of bioreductive drugs. 生物还原药物设计的最新进展。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-07-01

W A Denny, W R Wilson, M P Hay

引用次数: 0

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging methods for measuring tumour and tissue oxygenation. 测量肿瘤和组织氧合的磁共振光谱和成像方法。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-07-01

C L McCoy, D J McIntyre, S P Robinson, E O Aboagye, J R Griffiths

引用次数: 0

Induction of DT-diaphorase by 1,2-dithiole-3-thione and increase of antitumour activity of bioreductive agents. 1,2-二硫-3-硫酮诱导DT-diaphorase及提高生物还原剂的抗肿瘤活性。

The British journal of cancer. Supplement Pub Date : 1996-07-01

A Begleiter, M K Leith, T J Curphey

{"title":"Induction of DT-diaphorase by 1,2-dithiole-3-thione and increase of antitumour activity of bioreductive agents.","authors":"A Begleiter, M K Leith, T J Curphey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Bioreductive antitumour agents are an important new class of anticancer drugs that require activation by reduction. The two-electron reducing enzyme, DT-diaphorase, has been shown to be an important activating enzyme for the bioreductive agents, mitomycin C (MMC) and EO9. Incubation of L5178Y murine lymphoma cells in vitro with 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) increased the level of DT-diaphorase activity in these cells 22-fold. In contrast, D3T had no effect on the DT-diaphorase level in normal mouse bone marrow cells. Combination therapy with D3T and MMC or EO9, produced a 2- or 7-fold enhancement, respectively, of the cytotoxic activity of these antitumour agents in L5178Y cells. By comparison, D3T did not enhance the activity of MMC in marrow cells and produced only a small increase in EO9 cytotoxicity in these cells. The DT-diaphorase inhibitor, dicoumarol, inhibited the effect of D3T on the antitumour activity of the bioreductive agents, supporting the proposal that the enhanced anticancer activity was due to the elevated enzyme level. These findings suggest that D3T, or other inducers of DT-diaphorase, could be used to enhance the antitumour efficacy of bioreductive antitumour agents.","PeriodicalId":76609,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of cancer. Supplement","volume":"27 ","pages":"S9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2150028/pdf/brjcancersuppl00085-0018.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19736608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0