The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement最新文献

{"title":"Speech perception in children with cochlear implants: effects of lexical difficulty, talker variability, and word length.","authors":"K I Kirk,&nbsp;M Hay-McCutcheon,&nbsp;S T Sehgal,&nbsp;R T Miyamoto","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489400109s1234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present results demonstrated that all 3 factors --lexical difficulty, stimulus variability, and word length--significantly influenced spoken word recognition by children with multichannel cochlear implants. Lexically easy words were recognized significantly better than lexically hard words, regardless of talker condition or word length of the stimuli. These results support the earlier findings of Kirk et al(12) obtained with live-voice stimulus presentation and suggest that lexical effects are very robust. Despite the fact that listeners with cochlear implants receive a degraded speech signal, it appears that they organize and access words from memory relationally in the context of other words. The present results concerning talker variability contradict those previously reported in the literature for listeners with normal hearing(7,11) and for listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss who use hearing aids.(14) The previous investigators used talkers and word lists different from those used in the current study and found that word recognition declined as talker variability increased. In the current study, word recognition was better in the multiple-talker condition than in the single-talker condition. Kirk(15) reported similar results for postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implants who were tested on the recorded word lists used in the present study. Although the talkers were equally intelligible to listeners with normal hearing in the pilot study, they were not equally intelligible to children or adults with cochlear implants. It appears that either the man in the single-talker condition was particularly difficult to understand or that some of the talkers in the multiple-talker condition were particularly easy to understand. Despite the unexpected direction of the talker effects, the present results demonstrate that children with cochlear implants are sensitive to differences among talkers and that talker characteristics influence their spoken word recognition. We are conducting a study to assess the intelligibility of each of the 6 talkers to listeners with cochlear implants. Such studies should aid the development of equivalent testing conditions for listeners with cochlear implants. There are 2 possible reasons the children in the present study identified multisyllabic words better than monosyllabic words. First, they may use the linguistic redundancy cues in multisyllabic words to aid in spoken word recognition. Second, multisyllabic words come from relatively sparse lexical neighborhoods compared with monosyllabic tokens. That is, multisyllabic words have fewer phonetically similar words, or neighbors, competing for selection than do monosyllabic stimuli. These lexical characteristics most likely contribute to the differences in identification noted as a function of word length. The significant lexical and word length effects noted here may yield important diagnostic information about spoken word recognition by childre","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"79-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0003489400109s1234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Clarion electrode with positioner: insertion studies.","authors":"T Lenarz,&nbsp;J Kuzma,&nbsp;B P Weber,&nbsp;G Reuter,&nbsp;J Neuburger,&nbsp;R D Battmer,&nbsp;J E Goldring","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489400109s1206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new straight thin electrode array (universal electrode) was designed to be used together with a positioner, which will place the electrode array at the medial wall (modiolus) of the cochlea. The study objectives were to demonstrate safety and ease of insertion, tissue trauma, electrode position, and depth for universal and standard electrodes in human temporal bones; to test functional properties in cats; and to determine the surgical procedure and electrophysiological benefits in a clinical study. The cadaver study demonstrated the ease of insertion for the universal electrode and the positioner without tissue damage. An average gain of insertion depth of 180 degrees was achieved with the positioner. Animal studies demonstrated a reduction in threshold of 6 dB for the electrical auditory brain stem response (EABR). Neither additional cochlear damage nor additional connective tissue formation was found. The intraoperative human study findings showed a marked reduction of threshold for both EABR and stapedius reflex thresholds. Impedances were increased. Plain x-rays demonstrated modiolus proximity of the electrode with the positioner. The new Clarion electrode with positioner is a relatively safe design for providing modiolus proximity. The electrophysiological benefits include reduction of threshold and power consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"16-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0003489400109s1206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaw scalpel in revision cochlear implant surgery.","authors":"J T Roland,&nbsp;A J Fishman,&nbsp;S B Waltzman,&nbsp;N L Cohen","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489400109s1209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of traditional electrocautery is prohibited in revision or replacement cochlear implant surgery because of the concern for end organ tissue damage. Additionally, electrical current spread to the malfunctioning device could interfere with an accurate cause-of-failure analysis. Clinical reports have confirmed the utility of the Shaw scalpel for dermatologic, ophthalmic, and head and neck surgery. The Shaw scalpel is a thermally activated cutting blade that provides a bloodless field through immediate capillary and small vessel hemostasis. Avoidance of wound and flap complications is of primary concern in cochlear implant surgery. The long-term wound healing compared favorably to that of other surgical cutting instruments in several experimental reports. We have routinely used the Shaw scalpel in revision cochlear implant surgery and in primary surgery whenever electrocautery was contraindicated. We have retrospectively evaluated 22 cases in which the Shaw scalpel was used for cochlear implant revision and primary surgery. The chart review included patient demographics, the indication for surgery, the contraindication for electrocautery, intraoperative surgical notes, the wound healing evaluation, the evaluation for alopecia, and postoperative speech understanding. No significant complications occurred intraoperatively, and the long-term wound healing results were no different from those obtained with conventional surgical techniques. The explanted devices were undamaged, and valuable diagnostic information could be obtained. All patients performed at or better than their preoperative levels on speech recognition testing. Our results indicate that the Shaw scalpel is a relatively safe, easy-to-use, and effective instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"23-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0003489400109s1209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing new criteria in selecting children for a cochlear implant: performance of \"platinum\" hearing aid users.","authors":"L S Eisenberg,&nbsp;A S Martinez,&nbsp;G Sennaroglu,&nbsp;M J Osberger","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489400109s1213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"30-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0003489400109s1213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech perception outcome measures in prelingually deaf children up to four years after cochlear implantation.","authors":"B C Papsin,&nbsp;C Gysin,&nbsp;N Picton,&nbsp;J Nedzelski,&nbsp;R V Harrison","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489400109s1216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0003489400109s1216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative predictors of postoperative implant performance in children.","authors":"M J Osberger,&nbsp;L Fisher","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489400109s1218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"44-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0003489400109s1218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life in children with cochlear implants.","authors":"R Chmiel,&nbsp;L Sutton,&nbsp;H Jenkins","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489400109s1245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"103-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0003489400109s1245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using behavioral data to model open-set word recognition and lexical organization by pediatric cochlear implant users.","authors":"S Frisch, T A Meyer, D B Pisoni, M A Svirsky, K I Kirk","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1225","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0003489400109s1225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"60-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432926/pdf/nihms400220.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling phoneme and open-set word recognition by cochlear implant users: a preliminary report.","authors":"T A Meyer, S Frisch, M A Svirsky, D B Pisoni","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1229","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0003489400109s1229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the basis of the good predictions for phonemes correct, we conclude that closed-set feature identification may successfully predict phoneme identification in an open-set word recognition task. For word recognition, however, the PCM model underpredicted observed performance, and the addition of a mental lexicon (ie, the SPAMR model) was needed for a good match to data averaged across 7 adults with CIs. The predictions for words correct improved with the addition of a lexicon, providing support for the hypothesis that lexical information is used in open-set spoken word recognition by CI users. The perception of words more complex than CNCs is also likely to require lexical knowledge (Frisch et al, this supplement, pp 60-62) In the future, we will use the performance off individual CI users on psychophysical tasks to generate predicted vowel and consonant confusion matrices to be used to predict open-set spoken word recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"68-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429936/pdf/nihms400219.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in stimulation levels over time in nucleus 22 cochlear implant users.","authors":"S L Butts,&nbsp;A V Hodges,&nbsp;S Dolan-Ash,&nbsp;T J Balkany","doi":"10.1177/0003489400109s1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489400109s1222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes that occur over time in the electrical stimulation levels of cochlear implant users. A retrospective review of program summaries for 26 postlingually deafened adult Nucleus cochlear implant users was completed. Program summaries were used to assess changes in electrical stimulation at threshold (T) and maximum comfort (C) levels. Comparisons were made at intervals including the subject's initial stimulation and 2-week, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, and most recent programming sessions. Five patients had 5 years or more of implant use; 8 patients had 3 to 5 years or more of implant use; and the remainder had been using their implant for 2 to 3 years. No patient with less than 2 years of implant use was included. Results indicated that changes in stimulation levels occur gradually over time. Although the changes in stimulation levels from one programming session to the next were not significant, the changes in current requirements for both T and C levels were found to be significant when we compared the 6-month and most recent programming intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":76600,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement","volume":"185 ","pages":"53-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0003489400109s1222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21962338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}