The American orthoptic journal最新文献

{"title":"Nonsurgical and Orthoptic Management of Nystagmus","authors":"R. Jenkins","doi":"10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023631","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There are a number of ways orthoptists in pediatric ophthalmology practices can help patients with nystagmus. Treatment of amblyopia by conventional patching or with atropine or Bangerter filters can be monitored by the orthoptist. Optical treatment including manipulation of refractive error or use of contact lenses has been proven to improve visual function. Also, prisms can help determine a surgical plan for an abnormal head posture. If surgery is not indicated, then prisms can improve vision or eliminate the need for a compensatory head posture. This paper will describe in detail the use of prisms in patients with nystagmus.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"39 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43554474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Red Flag: When Pediatric Nystagmus is a Harbinger of Life-Threatening Disease","authors":"Madhuri Chilakapati, J. Edmond","doi":"10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023629","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pediatric nystagmus may be the harbinger of systemic or neurologic disease with significant morbidity and potential mortality. This paper reviews pediatriconset nystagmus, which may be associated with systemic diseases such as spasmus nutans, opsoclonus/ocular flutter, downbeat nystagmus, convergence retraction nystagmus, and see-saw nystagmus. These unique forms of nystagmus may be indicative of life- or vision-threatening diseases; thus, their recognition will facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment, resulting in better outcomes.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"31 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44524903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders: A Literature Review","authors":"R. Fels","doi":"10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023638","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDD) is a new term describing a collection of non-progressive neurogenic syndromes. Initially referred to as congenital fibrosis syndrome, it was thought that the primary problem was extraocular muscular maldevelopment. Recent advancements in genetics and neuro-radiology have now determined the initial observation of fibrotic muscles is secondary to a primary lack of innervation from deficient, absent, or misguided cranial nerves. This presentation provides an overview of the known genes and phenotypes currently recognized within the CCDD domain. It will also highlight areas of current research being done in the area of cranial nerve development. Increased knowledge and awareness of these disorders has resulted in more research being conducted. These studies have provided a more complete understanding of efferent motor system development and are leading to improved treatment strategies for patients.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"89 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41876633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nystagmus in Infancy and Childhood: Clinical and Eye Movement Characteristics","authors":"R. Hertle","doi":"10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023626","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The most common forms of nystagmus in infancy and childhood are Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (INS), Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus Syndrome (FMNS), and Spasmus Nutans Syndrome (SNS). This review will sumamrize the clinical and eye movement recording characteristics of these disorders, thus reinforcing the importance of eye movement technology in both the discoveries underlying pathophysiology and the guidance of clinical interventions.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"21 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46304470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Vignette: Alfred Bielschowsky, 1871–1940: Ophthalmologist, Innovative Scientist, and Influential Teacher","authors":"G. Roper-Hall","doi":"10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023637","url":null,"abstract":"Alfred Bielschowsky was a German ophthalmologist who lived the last few years of his life in the United States. He was a major influence in the field of strabismus. From his short textbook Lectures on Motor Anomalies to his insightful research and teaching, as well as his clinical acumen and innovative methods, he was a wellknown and respected giant in the field. His d~scription of the head tilt test, used to assess oblique muscle dysfunction, is now a standard part of the evaluation of any vertical muscle palsy (Figure 1).1·7","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"80 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44281596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography of Previously Operated Extraocular Muscles.","authors":"Matthew S Pihlblad,&nbsp;James D Reynolds","doi":"10.3368/aoj.67.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.67.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>To assess the possibility of determining the insertion distance from the limbus of previously operated extraocular rectus muscles (EOM) with the Heidelberg Spectralis anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).</p><p><strong>Patient and method: </strong>Subjects with a history of previous strabismus surgery underwent AS-OCT of the EOM before planned additional strabismus surgery. The EOM insertion distances from the limbus were measured pre-operatively on the AS-OCT and compared to the caliper distance measured during the strabismus surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten previously operated muscles on nine subjects underwent AS-OCT before subsequent additional strabismus surgery. Four additional un-operated muscles subsequently operated on, were also imaged with the AS-OCT pre-operatively. Subject ages ranged from 13-52 years old (mean ± SD; 27.9 ± 13.2). The muscle insertion could be definitely identified in 6/10 muscles previously operated and 4/4 un-operated muscles. The difference between the two measurements of limbus to insertion in previously operated muscles was ≤1mm in 3/6, and ≤1.5mm in 6/6; <1mm in 4/4 un-operated muscles. Of the four insertions not readily identifiable, two revealed the presence of the muscle with scar tissue; the other two, the muscle insertions, were not visible, which showed that the muscle was at least a minimal amount from the limbus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that the Heidelberg AS-OCT is capable of imaging previously operated EOM, which can give valuable information to the strabismus surgeon. The information from the AS-OCT was useful in all cases. The insertion to limbus measurements between pre-operative and intra-operative were within 1.5mm in all of the cases that the muscle insertion was able to be identified. The ability to accurately image EOM insertions has significant implications for the pre-operative procedure planning in previously operated and complicated strabismus patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.67.1.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35508467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the Ophthalmic Literature","authors":"Cindy Cline, K. Fray, Bruce A. Furr, L. Pendarvis, C. Pritchard, Nicholas Strauss, K. Arnoldi","doi":"10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023640","url":null,"abstract":"s of the Ophthalmic Literature Compiled by: Cindy Cline, C.O. Katherine Fray, C.O. Bruce Furr, Ph.D., C.O. Lauren Pendarvis, C.O. Cindy Pritchard, C.O. Nicholas Strauss, C.O. Kyle Arnoldi, C.O. ARMANGUE T, SABATER L, TORRES-VEGA E, MARTiNEZ-HERNANDEZ E, ARINO H, PETITPEDROL M, PLANAGUMA J, BATALLER L, DALMAU J, GRAUS F: Clinical and immunological features of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in the era of neuronal cell surface antibodies. JAMANeurol2016; 73:417-421. Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare condition characterized by involuntary, arrhythmic, multidirectional saccades accompanied by myoclonic jerks in the limbs and trunk, cerebellar ataxia, tremor and encephalopathy. In a retrospective cohort study of 114 adult patients with OMS, the authors report the clinical and immunological features of idiopathic OMS (I-OMS) and paraneoplastic OMS <P-OMS). Forty-five (39%) had P-O~S and 69 (61%) had I-OMS. The most frequently associated tumors in P-OMS were lung ( 42%) and breast (22%) carcinomas and ovarian teratoma (18%) in younger cases. Patients with I-OMS were younger than those with P-OMS (median age, 38 vs 54 years; p<0.001), presented more often with prodromal symptoms or active infection (33% vs 13%; p=0.02), less frequently had encephalopathy (10% vs 29%; p=O.Oll, and had better outcome (84% vs 39%; p<0.001) with fewer relapses (7% vs 24%; p=0.04). These results suggest that older age and encephalopathy significantly associate with P-OMS and are clinical clues suggesting an underlying tumor. Patients with I-OMS respond better to treatment and have fewer relapses. The clinical differences between P-OMS and I-OMS suggest different mechanisms of the disease per the trigger agent. They concluded that future studies looking to identify immunological mechanisms of OMS should focus on methods different from those used in autoimmune encephalitis and cell surface antigens. Francesco Graus, MD, PhD, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain e-mail: fgraus@clinic.cat ASLAM T, TAHIR H, PARRY N, MURRAY I, KWAK K, REYES R, SALLER M, CZANNER G, ASHWORTH J: Automated Measurement of Visual Acuity in Pediatric Ophthalmic Patients Using Principles of Game Design and Tablet Computers. Am J Ophthalmol 2016; 170:223-227. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a touch screen game type visual acuity assessment by the Mobile Assessment of Vision by Interactive Computer for Children (MAVERIC-CJ. The study included 112 children between the ages of four and 16 years old. Children were not included if they were unable to use the device. Of the 112 children included, 95% were able to complete the test© 2017 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, American Orthoptic Journal, Volume 67, 2017, ISSN 0065-955X, E-ISSN 1553-4448","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"121 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42171080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"D. Morrison","doi":"10.1080/0065955x.2017.12023623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955x.2017.12023623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"vii - vii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0065955x.2017.12023623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45573151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography of Previously Operated Extraocular Muscles","authors":"M. Pihlblad, J. Reynolds","doi":"10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023634","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background, and Purpose: To assess the possibility of determining the insertion distance from the limbus of previously operated extraocular rectus muscles (EOM) with the Heidelberg Spectralis anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Patient and Method: Subjects with a history of previous strabismus surgery underwent AS-OCT of the EOM before planned additional strabismus surgery. The EOM insertion distances from the limbus were measured pre-operatively on the AS-OCT and compared to the caliper distance measured during the strabismus surgery. Results: Ten previously operated muscles on nine subjects underwent AS-OCT before subsequent additional strabismus surgery. Four additional un-operated muscles subsequently operated on, were also imaged with the AS-OCT pre-operatively. Subject ages ranged from 13–52 years old (mean ± SD; 27.9 ± 13.2). The muscle insertion could be definitely identified in 6/10 muscles previously operated and 4/4 un-operated muscles. The difference between the two measurements of limbus to insertion in previously operated muscles was ≤1mm in 3/6, and ≤1.5mm in 6/6; ≤1mm in 4/4 un-operated muscles. Of the four insertions not readily identifiable, two revealed the presence of the muscle with scar tissue; the other two, the muscle insertions, were not visible, which showed that the muscle was at least a minimal amount from the limbus. Conclusion: Our study showed that the Heidelberg AS-OCT is capable of imaging previously operated EOM, which can give valuable information to the strabismus surgeon. The information from the AS-OCT was useful in all cases. The insertion to limbus measurements between pre-operative and intra-operative were within 1.5mm in all of the cases that the muscle insertion was able to be identified. The ability to accurately image EOM insertions has significant implications for the pre-operative procedure planning in previously operated and complicated strabismus patients.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"61 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0065955X.2017.12023634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48014513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Management of Pediatric Ocular Disorders and Strabismus Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2016, 822 pages, $249.00 hardcover Editors: Elias I. Traboulsi, M.D., and Virginia Miraldi Utz, M.D.","authors":"J. Reynolds","doi":"10.3368/aoj.67.1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.67.1.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"93-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69588337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}