{"title":"Organizing Penal-Welfare Hybridity: Trauma, Vulnerability, and State Recognition of Crime Victims","authors":"Paige L. Sweet","doi":"10.1086/724379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724379","url":null,"abstract":"Existing literature argues that the incorporation of “crime victims” into the U.S. state has been a causal force in carceral expansion. I argue that instead of carceral expansion alone, victim politics have contributed to penal-welfare hybridity: the welfare state expands as it gets attached to criminal procedures. Drawing from archival data on the crime victims’ movement, I show how victim policies generated a new welfare infrastructure that operates under the aegis of criminal systems. I also reveal the cultural logics through which penal and welfare programs were hybridized: mobilizing trauma discourses allowed stakeholders to fuse therapeutic and “protective” capacities of the state—while perpetuating racial exclusions through the concept of vulnerability. Organizationally, feminized service work was located inside the masculinist penal system, expanding welfarist jobs under the purview of criminal institutions. This article shows that ideas about trauma and vulnerability help explain the selective expansion of the welfare state inside and/or alongside the punitive state.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"128 1","pages":"1678 - 1715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44903373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Markets in the Making: Rethinking Competition, Goods, and Innovation","authors":"Neil Fligstein","doi":"10.1086/724041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45232762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rearranging the Desk Chairs: A Large Randomized Field Experiment on the Effects of Close Contact on Interethnic Relations","authors":"Felix Elwert, Tamás Keller, Andreas Kotsadam","doi":"10.1086/724865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724865","url":null,"abstract":"Contact theory predicts that interethnic exposure reduces antiminority discrimination. By contrast, conflict theory predicts that interethnic exposure worsens discrimination. Received scope conditions, however, are vague and do not properly differentiate between the domains of the theories. Furthermore, prior evidence is mostly correlational, and supportive field experiments for contact theory have largely accrued in rarefied settings. This begs the question how interethnic contact affects interethnic relations in everyday situations. The authors test the causal effect of interethnic exposure on discrimination under quotidian conditions in a large preregistered randomized field experiment involving N=2,395 students in 39 Hungarian schools. The authors find that neither manipulating the closeness of interethnic exposure between students within classrooms nor variation in ethnic composition across grade levels affects antiminority discrimination. This indicates that the domains of contact and conflict theory are much narrower than previously thought. Interethnic contact may not affect discrimination either way in many everyday settings.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"128 1","pages":"1809 - 1840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47582520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Walking the Moral Tightrope: Federal Civil Servants’ Loyalties, Caution, and Resistance under the Trump Administration","authors":"J. Kucinskas, Yvonne Zylan","doi":"10.1086/725313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725313","url":null,"abstract":"The Trump administration and its supporters were quick to decry the federal civil service as a “deep state” thwarting the president’s agenda. Yet most research describes the career corps as loyal to mission, risk averse, and rarely partisan. Our research asks whether this characterization holds under conditions of budding autocracy and efforts to dismantle the administrative state. Our case study uses data collected over 2017–20 and finds that, despite widespread dissatisfaction with the Trump administration, most civil servants largely sought to comply at work, circumscribed by their conceptions of activities as appropriately within the scope of their mandates. When resistance did occur, it cohered with institutional and professional imperatives. Meanwhile, incentives to exit increased. Our research complicates the conceptual difference between “resistance” and “complicity” under repressive political leadership by underscoring the processes through which bureaucrats make sense of and act in as they negotiate multiple loyalties to personal and professional values, norms and obligations, organizational cultures, and their own circumscribed efficacy in complex organizations.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"128 1","pages":"1761 - 1808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48781259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Social Networks of Meaning and Communication","authors":"N. Crossley","doi":"10.1086/723877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46967443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Sorting Sexualities: Expertise and the Politics of Legal Classification","authors":"Jamie L. Small","doi":"10.1086/724327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45144211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}