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Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum最新文献

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Laboratory data which differentiate meropenem and imipenem. 区分美罗培南和亚胺培南的实验室数据。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
J R Edwards, P J Turner
{"title":"Laboratory data which differentiate meropenem and imipenem.","authors":"J R Edwards,&nbsp;P J Turner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meropenem and imipenem are carbapenems which are distinguishable from all other currently available beta-lactam antibiotics by breadth of antibacterial spectrum and stability to beta-lactamases, but can be differentiated one from another. Meropenem is relatively stable to human renal dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I); it does not require to be co-administered with cilastatin and consequently, unlike imipenem, will be administered as a single agent. In vitro both meropenem and imipenem are active against almost all clinically important aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Differences in potency are seen but few may be of clinical significance: imipenem is more active against enterococci and meropenem is more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, Haemophilus influenzae and Proteus, Morganella and Providencia species. The primary target of imipenem is PBP2 in P. aeruginosa whilst meropenem has high affinity for both PBP2 and 3; this may contribute to greater potency against this organism. Laboratory evaluations predict that meropenem will not be seizurogenic, which combined with activity against likely pathogens, identified its potential for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. This has been investigated in a guinea-pig model in which meropenem exhibited potent activity against the common meningeal pathogens and also infections caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae or Listeria monocytogenes. Clinical experience will determine the significance of these differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"96 ","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18656111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbapenem treatment of meningitis. 碳青霉烯治疗脑膜炎。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
K P Klugman, R Dagan
{"title":"Carbapenem treatment of meningitis.","authors":"K P Klugman,&nbsp;R Dagan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The carbapenem class of antibacterial agents is highly effective in vitro against the bacterial pathogens causing meningitis. Both imipenem and meropenem penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of children with inflamed meninges in the acute phase of meningitis. The wider clinical use of imipenem/cilastatin for the treatment of meningitis has been limited by the high incidence of seizures (up to 33%) in patients not having seizures prior to drug therapy. However, imipenem/cilastatin has been successfully used for the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis following failure of treatment with third-generation cephalosporins. The bacteriological and clinical efficacy of meropenem appears similar to that of cefotaxime in the management of meningitis in children and there was no significant propensity of either meropenem or cefotaxime to cause seizures. Meropenem has also been usefully employed to treat multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis. These data suggest that meropenem should be further investigated for use in the treatment of meningitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"96 ","pages":"45-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18658365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Searching for antibodies specific for human cytomegalovirus: is it diagnostically useful? When and how. 寻找人巨细胞病毒特异性抗体:它在诊断上有用吗?时间和方式。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
M P Landini, M Mach
{"title":"Searching for antibodies specific for human cytomegalovirus: is it diagnostically useful? When and how.","authors":"M P Landini,&nbsp;M Mach","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be obtained by direct demonstration of the virus or virus components in pathological materials or indirectly through serology. Serological diagnosis gives only indirect evidence of the presence of the virus, and is problematic because of the immunological disorders occurring in most patients at risk of developing a CMV infection. Furthermore, antigenic reagents used in commercially available kits are not standardized and discordant results are often obtained. However, serology is cheaper than the other diagnostic tests, requires a short execution time, is safe and can be completely automated. Therefore, it is worthwhile exploring the possible application fields in which the use of serology is justified nowadays. This is what this review will attempt to do.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards a definition of the HCMV entry pathway. 对HCMV进入途径的定义。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
T Compton
{"title":"Towards a definition of the HCMV entry pathway.","authors":"T Compton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"30-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease. 副结核分枝杆菌和克罗恩病
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
L Engstrand
{"title":"Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease.","authors":"L Engstrand","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminants. It has been suggested that Crohn's disease, a gastrointestinal disease in humans with similar clinical symptoms and histopathological findings, is caused by the same bacteria. Epidemiological data support Crohn's disease possibly being caused by an infectious agent. Recently, with improved culture techniques and the advent of polymerase chain reaction, M. paratuberculosis has been identified from tissues of increasing numbers of patients with Crohn's disease. However, conflicting data still occur and the case for M. paratuberculosis as the etiological agent of Crohn's disease can be neither proved nor disproved. The development of new diagnostic tests and comprehensive well-defined clinical studies will hopefully provide us with information about this association in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"98 ","pages":"27-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19833380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mycobacterial infections in Finland. 芬兰的分枝杆菌感染。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
E Tala, M Viljanen
{"title":"Mycobacterial infections in Finland.","authors":"E Tala,&nbsp;M Viljanen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Finland, the situation with regard to tuberculosis has been constantly improving during recent years, and the WHO criteria for a low incidence country (10/100,000) are presently satisfied. In contrast, the number of clinical specimens yielding atypical mycobacteria by isolation has rapidly increased. Organisms belonging in Mycobaterium avium-intracellulare complex dominate among the isolated species.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"98 ","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19834120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Update on the 92.5 kDa putative HCMV fusion receptor. 92.5 kDa推定HCMV融合受体的最新进展。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
S Keay, B Baldwin
{"title":"Update on the 92.5 kDa putative HCMV fusion receptor.","authors":"S Keay,&nbsp;B Baldwin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"32-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct evidence using in situ polymerase chain reaction that the endothelial cell and T-lymphocyte harbor latent murine cytomegalovirus. 利用原位聚合酶链反应直接证明内皮细胞和t淋巴细胞潜伏着小鼠巨细胞病毒。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
A J Koffron, K H Mueller, D B Kaufman, F P Stuart, B Patterson, M I Abecassis
{"title":"Direct evidence using in situ polymerase chain reaction that the endothelial cell and T-lymphocyte harbor latent murine cytomegalovirus.","authors":"A J Koffron,&nbsp;K H Mueller,&nbsp;D B Kaufman,&nbsp;F P Stuart,&nbsp;B Patterson,&nbsp;M I Abecassis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The latent viral genome, harbored indefinitely, threatens reactivation from its remote location. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has detected the organs responsible for latency, it is not known whether latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is maintained within organ-specific cells or ubiquitous elements such as macrophages, endothelial cells, or perhaps others. PCR lacks correlation with tissue structure. However, PCR-based in situ hybridization maintains cellular architecture while allowing the identification of the latently infected cells. Murine CMV (MCMV) nucleic acid sequences in organs of latently infected Balb/C mice were amplified by PCR incorporating digoxigenin-11-dUTP, holding the product DNA in situ (appropriate controls analyzed in parallel). Product DNA was then hybridized in situ with a biotinylated oligonucleotide probe for detection via streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry verified the positive cell types. Using this technique, we have shown directly in multiple organs of latently infected Balb/C mice including kidney (5/5), liver (5/5), and spleen (5/5) that the endothelial cell and/or T-lymphocyte harbor latent MCMV, whereas in uninfected animals, MCMV DNA was not detected. PCR-based in situ hybridization allows detection of the specific cell(s) harboring latent MCMV DNA while allowing conservation of cellular architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"61-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changing role of carbapenems in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. 碳青霉烯类药物在下呼吸道感染治疗中的作用变化。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
H Lode, J Hamacher, J Eller, T Schaberg
{"title":"Changing role of carbapenems in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.","authors":"H Lode,&nbsp;J Hamacher,&nbsp;J Eller,&nbsp;T Schaberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes by virtually all major bacterial pathogens is currently a world-wide phenomenon. This problem is especially evident in nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Carbapenems like imipenem and meropenem offer interesting antibacterial activities and beta-lactamase-stability, as well as adequate pharmacokinetic characteristics, to cover most of the pathogens involved in moderate to severe community-acquired and nosocomial LRTI. In contrast to imipenem, meropenem is not nephrotoxic and offers the advantage of greater stability against renal dehydropeptidase-I, so no concomitant application of an enzyme inhibitor is necessary. Meropenem can also be given by intravenous infusion or injection without the nausea and vomiting often associated with the administration of imipenem/cilastatin. Preliminary results with meropenem in LRTI show excellent cure rates and good tolerance for this new carbapenem.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"96 ","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18658360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbapenems in paediatrics. 碳青霉烯类在儿科中的应用。
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum Pub Date : 1995-01-01
J L Blumer
{"title":"Carbapenems in paediatrics.","authors":"J L Blumer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serious infections in paediatric patients pose some unique challenges to clinicians. Children represent a dynamic group of patients in whom there are age-related changes as well as age-related alterations in the biodisposition of various antimicrobial agents. In infants and children with serious infections multidrug therapy is generally employed. This occurs because most antibiotic therapy in these patients is initiated and continued on an empiric basis and few, if any, of the currently available agents may be employed confidently as monotherapy. When the agents currently available are compared on a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis the carbapenems emerge as close to ideal for the treatment of serious infections in infants and children. Imipenem is the only member of this group currently available. It lacks paediatric labelling in the USA and its efficacy has not been compared directly with that of antibiotic regimens commonly employed in children. Meropenem is a new carbapenem currently under evaluation of the treatment of moderate to severe infections in children and adults. In 2 multicentre, randomised evaluations of the treatment of a variety of infections including lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, infections of the skin and skin structures, and septicaemia, the efficacy and safety of meropenem monotherapy were compared with those of cefotaxime-based regimens. Meropenem had an overall clinical efficacy rate of 98% compared with a rate of 95% for cefotaxime-based regimens. Neither regimen was associated with any significant clinical or laboratory adverse events. The carbapenem, meropenem, appears to be a reasonable choice for empiric therapy in infants and children with serious infections. Meropenem monotherapy has been evaluated and has been found to be as well tolerated and as effective as cefotaxime-based regimens in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"96 ","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18658364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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