Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum最新文献

{"title":"What is a psychosocial approach to hearing loss?","authors":"W Noble","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A psychosocial approach to hearing loss spans individual, contextual, and historical circumstances affecting the experience of impaired hearing. Assumptions about hearing impairment and its remediation are considered, and emphasis is given to the features that promote the undesirability of the status of being hearing impaired. Two current models for rehabilitation are noted; their assumptions are discussed in the light of both the preceding analysis and of empirical findings which suggest attention needs to be focused on individual issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"43 ","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19711694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for the development of an audiological assistant training program.","authors":"A Muller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"42 ","pages":"47-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19645066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategy for D-Country Ear Care.","authors":"T Lundborg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last decade's voluntary Global Ear Care work-lobbying and networking, using different strategies-in the whole has been positive, reflected by the creation of an appropriate instrument to launch concrete programmes and has also given good WHO-HQ relations, though without budget and adequate governmental involvement. The long-term goal is to get D-country Ear Care up to the same level as D-country eye care. One important step on this way-hopefully facilitated by the Bari workshop as an example of 'informal' networking and linkage of people after personal initiatives-is to develop an Ear Care structure in Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean countries functioning as successfully asd the one in Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"42 ","pages":"53-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19645069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing rehabilitation in a psychosocial framework.","authors":"D Stephens","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is primarily concerned with handicap, which emphasises the psychosocial consequence of hearing loss, its development and a framework for its alleviation. The development of handicap is considered, taking as a starting point the World Health Organization Definitions of disablements and their application to audiology by Stephens and Hétu (1991). This is extended in the light of recent work on the role of significant others and of positive experiences arising from the hearing loss. This approach is then incorporated into an update of the Goldstein/Stephens (1981) management model of audiological rehabilitation which provides a framework applicable in any sociomedical situation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"43 ","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19711048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings of the 1994 Bari Ear Care Workshop. Bari, Italy.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"42 ","pages":"1-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The subjective meaning of illness in severe otosclerosis: a descriptive study in three steps based on focus group interviews and written questionnaire.","authors":"M Eriksson-Mangold,&nbsp;S I Erlandsson,&nbsp;G Jansson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study of otosclerosis patients was to highlight the circumstances specific to an operable middle ear disease and to describe the psychologically unique aspects accompanying this disorder. In a first step five subjects participated in four focus group interviews, from which emanated a questionnaire answered in a second step by 28 randomly chosen subjects. Finally a second series of supplementary focus interviews were conducted with another group of subjects, after which the interview material was subjected to code-mapping, agreement and validation. The study results indicate that ear surgery was a very important occurrence in the lives of the patients and a unique aspect was that they were burdened by a sense of responsibility for deciding in favour of or against the ear surgery and in choosing the time for operation. An event as tangible as an operation impacts on the individual's psychological processing of the fact that one of his or her senses is damaged. The message to the person's surroundings is very clear: the operation makes others understand how serious the situation is, gives rise to a sense of sympathy. These factors together may promote adaptation to the handicap, or alternately, at least for some persons, may impede adaptation to the necessary hearing aids. To some individuals hearing aids were strongly associated with periods of deteriorating hearing and therefore had negative connotations. Thus the hearing aid was used while waiting for surgery or instead of surgery. The constant hope of regaining one's hearing through ear surgery, although not totally realistic in these cases of severe otosclerosis, always makes the hearing aid the second best solution. The overall conclusion from this study is that there are specific circumstances of an operable ear disease which have great impact upon quality of life, well-being and adaptation. The psychological situation is one of instability, feelings of responsibility and at times of anxiety. Patients with otosclerosis are sometimes told that they are better off than others with impaired hearing, because surgery can improve their hearing and because good amplification through hearing aids can be achieved in persons with conductive hearing losses. It is our hope that this study has helped to provide a fuller picture of the facts of life for persons with severe otosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"43 ","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19711697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevention of hearing loss worldwide.","authors":"P W Alberti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of disabling hearing loss ( >40dB, average 0.5 - 4 KHz) is at least 120 million worldwide. It is estimated that half of this loss is preventable by primary means. These include genetic counselling, stricter supervision of ototoxic drug use, vaccination against common viral diseases, measles, mumps and in selected populations, rubella; vaccination against meningitis, better management of acute respiratory infections, noise control and the appropriate use of hearing protection. Education of individuals, communities and governments is an essential prerequisite to implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"42 ","pages":"15-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bari Center: an audiology and otology pilot center for Mediterranean countries.","authors":"A Quaranta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Audiology and Otology Center for Mediterranean Countries began activities in 1990. Until today, the Bari Center has sponsored meetings, coordinated research projects and, above all, it has been host to 5 young colleagues coming from the Mediterranean Area, to take part in 2 or 3 month clinical stages: two from Egypt, one from Syria and one from Lybia. The Center is now verifying the possibilities of setting up an Audiology and Otology Center in Tirana (Albania).</p>","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"42 ","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19645068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stigma attached to hearing impairment.","authors":"R Hétu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detailed analyses of the experience of impaired hearing demonstrate the ways in which it represents a threat to social identity. The reluctance to acknowledge impairment stems from the negative consequences of disclosing that status. The stigma attaching to hearing loss can be understood in the broader conceptual framework of 'shaming'. Generating stigma also needs to be understood at the micro-(interpersonal) and macro-(social) levels. The significance of stigmatizing in relation to rehabilitative strategies allows a reorientation to the issue of \"normalisation' of identity, alongside treatment of disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"43 ","pages":"12-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19711695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topography of auditory evoked cortical potentials in children with severe language impairment.","authors":"I Tonnquist-Uhlén","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Development of normal speech and language functions is closely related to normal hearing. However, most children with delayed or disturbed speech development show normal tone thresholds and here the investigation has to include higher levels in the auditory system. There is evidence for a connection between language impairment and a central auditory processing disorder, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. There is also a need for objective diagnostic methods of central auditory function. In the present study, a computerised method of mapping the scalp topography of long-latency (cortical) auditory evoked potentials (LAEP) was used for assessment of the function in central auditory pathways. Topographic mapping of the LAEP component N1, in adults and normal children, showed reproducible and valid results. In adults, a focal negativity, focus of NI (FNI), with a frontocentral position and contralateral to the stimulated ear was observed. The N1 maps in normal children showed a pattern similar to that in adults, but with some age-related changes. The N1 latencies declined significantly with age in normal children and reached adult values at the ages of 14-16 years. The topography of the LAEP components N1, P2, N2 and the T complex was investigated in 20 children with severe language impairment (LI). The study also included auditory brainstem responses (ABR), electroencephalography (EEG), quantitative EEG (qEEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty normal children served as controls (C). A similar topographic pattern was found in the LI and the C children, but with a higher proportion of deviating and non-focal maps in the LI group. The latencies of all components were significantly longer in the LI than in the C children. The diagnostic value of LAEP topography, latency and amplitude was estimated with a scoring system, whereby significantly higher scores were found in the LI group than in the C group. With all three parameters together the sensitivity was 65%, with a specificity of 90%. There was a high degree of pathological EEGs in the LI group. ABR abnormalities were seen in some LI subjects. MRI was normal in all but two LI children. There was no significant correlation between the results of EEG, ABR, MRI and the total score of LAEP, but some LI children showed a wide pathological pattern. In 17 of the 20 LI subjects a pathological result was obtained in one or more of the investigations. In conclusion, our results may indicate that language impairment has a dual pathophysiology, a specific auditory disorder (LAEP, ABR) and a non-specific general cerebral disturbance (EEG, MRI). The highly varying results among the present LI children, with specific and/or non-specific deviations, may be due to heterogeneity of the group with different aetiologies of their language impairment, or to a general developmental disturbance with a varying distribution and penetrance. The scoring system of LAEP proved to be the most s","PeriodicalId":76517,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum","volume":"44 ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19847914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}