Almanac of Clinical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The profile of patients referred to the Moscow Regional Osteoporosis centre","authors":"E. Polyakova, I. Kryukova, K. Krasulina","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-024","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The expected ageing of the population and the increase in the number of patients with osteoporosis require a correct approach to identification of individuals with a high fracture risk, to their rational routing for the work-up and timely prescription of therapy. A preliminary analysis of characteristics of patients referred to specialized osteoporosis centers may help to optimize medical care for these patients. \u0000Aim: To analyze the profile of patients referred for densitometry and/or to an osteoporosis specialist at the Moscow Regional Osteoporosis Centre in order to optimize care for this patient population in the region. \u0000Materials and methods: The study was performed in the Moscow Regional Osteoporosis Centre located in Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI). We retrospectively analyzed medical files of all consecutive outpatients attending the center at their own or with a referral for densitometry and/or specialist consultation January 1 to December 31, 2019. \u0000Results: The study included 1940 patients aged 42 to 90 years, with 96.5% (n = 1873) being female, with the mean age of 65.4 8.5 years; males accounted for 3.5% (n = 67), their mean age was 65.6 9.0 years. Patients who had not previously been diagnosed with osteoporosis accounted for 63.8% (n = 1238), whereas 36.2% (n = 702) of the patients have been diagnosed earlier. 27.8% (n = 540) of all patients, were remarkable for the history of low-energy fractures. 88.1% of the patients were referred by endocrinologists or rheumatologists. The main purpose of the referral was to perform densitometry and get the prescription of treatment for osteoporosis (61%). \u0000The median FRAX-based risk of major fractures in the total group was 8.2 [6.9; 13.0] % (n = 1277), with the risk in women being significantly higher than in men (8.3 [7; 13] % vs. 4.6 [4.2; 7.7] %, respectively, p 0.001). When bone mineral density was assessed with the T-score (n = 1928), the result of +0.1 SD was found in 6.6% (n = 127), whereas 11.6% (n = 224), 44.4% (n = 856), 37.4% (n = 721) were judged as normal values, osteopenia, and osteoporosis, respectively. \u0000According to the specialist consultation in the Centre, a clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis was made in 53.2% of the cases (n = 1032), while 0.3% (n = 5) had another bone disease, 19.2% (n = 373) had no bone disease, and 27.3% (n = 530) had some other problems. The proportion the patients with indications for treatment for osteoporosis was 56% (n = 1089); 45% (n = 489) of them were recommended to initiate therapy, 36.7% (n = 400) continued with their previous medication and 18.3% (n = 200) needed a modification of their management. \u0000Conclusion: The study results have shown that patients are frequently referred for densitometry without enough grounds and with a low risk of fracture. This makes highly relevant the use of the FRAX algorithm as a screening tool for diagnosis and timely administration of treatment for osteoporosis not only by s","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76527052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The favorable outcome of subsequent pregnancy in a patient with a history of obstetric atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome","authors":"E. Prokopenko, V. Guryeva","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-023","url":null,"abstract":"Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a severe life-threatening disease associated with uncontrolled activation of alternative complement pathway. Obstetric aHUS, which develops in pregnant women and puerperas, is characterized by a particularly severe course with multiple organ failure, high death risk and end-stage renal disease. The prognosis of patients with obstetric aHUS has changed dramatically after the introduction of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody to C5 complement component, into clinical practice. With timely initiation of the complement blocking therapy, the patients would not only survive, but also completely restore the function of the affected organs. Naturally, the question arises on the possibility of repeated pregnancies in women with previous obstetric aHUS and on the strategy of pregnancy management. \u0000The paper describes a clinical case of successful treatment with eculizumab for obstetric aHUS in the third trimester of the first pregnancy in a young and previously healthy woman, and the management of her second pregnancy. A 23-year old woman at 35-36 weeks of her first pregnancy developed the clinical picture of obstetric thrombotic microangiopathy, which was interpreted as a manifestation of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. However, after an emergency surgical delivery, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate despite the plasma exchange procedure. After exclusion of the other causes of thrombotic microangiopathy, aHUS was diagnosed and treatment with eculizumab was started, which resulted in complete recovery. No aHUS-associated mutations were identified. The complement inhibitor treatment was discontinued after 12 months. Four years after the first birth, the patient had a second pregnancy after preconception planning. During pregnancy, the patient was closely monitored for a timely identification of potential complications and had prevention of placental complications with acetylsalicylic acid and low molecular weight heparin. No aHUS recurrence and/or other complications were observed, and the patient did not require treatment with eculizumab during pregnancy. Elective caesarean section was performed at 39 week of gestation. A healthy boy was born with a bodyweight of 3370 g, a height of 50 cm, and Apgar score 8-9. \u0000In women with obstetric aHUS history, a favorable outcome of repeated pregnancies is possible, in some cases even without any prophylactic use of complement-blocking therapy, provided that with complete remission of aHUS has been achieved, with close monitoring during gestation and prevention of placenta-associated complications.","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82802239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy of malignant tumors","authors":"A. Glibka, N. Mazurina, K. A. Sarantseva, G. Kharkevich, K. Laktionov, E. Troshina, G. A. Mel`nichenko","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-020","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) have been widely used for treatment of many malignant neoplasms. In the Russian Federation, several ICPIs have been approved and actively used, namely anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (ipilimumab), anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, prolgolimab), and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (atezolizumab, durvalumab). ICPIs may cause various endocrine immune-mediated adverse events, most commonly thyroid dysfunction and hypophysitis, which are at large associated with anti-tumor therapy with a certain subgroup of these agents. Predictors of endocrine immune-mediated adverse events remain unclear, and their optimal prevention, prediction and treatment have not been yet defined. The review contains the information accumulated in the literature on the mechanisms, biomarkers, specific characteristics of thyroid immune-mediated adverse events and describes the principles of treatment for these thyroid disorders. This information would be useful for practicing oncologists, endocrinologists, internists, family physicians, as well as for any other medical specialties.","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83977528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective food perceptions in type 2 diabetic patients and their impact on the structure of the diet","authors":"E. Starostina","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-021","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Subjective food perceptions in various aspects that could impact food choices and diet adherence by the Russian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been studied. \u0000Aim to assess food perceptions in T2DM patients in the reference group of dairy products and their potential influence on the nutritional structure. \u0000Aim: To assess food perceptions in T2DM patients in the reference group of dairy products and their potential influence on the nutritional structure. \u0000Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 300 consecutive out- and in-patients with T2DM (mean age standard deviation, 60,8 10,2 years, duration of diabetes 1 to 35 years). The patients underwent standard clinical and laboratory work-up and filled in the questionnaire on food perceptions of six dairy products (low fat cottage cheese, low fat milk, high fat milk, sour cream, cheese, and sweet cheese curds) in the following five aspects: impact on general health, impact on prevention of cardiovascular diseases, impact on glycemic control, taste and convenience of the use. These perception aspects were compared with the self-reported frequencies of the use of each product, patients demographic and clinical characteristics. \u0000Results: The patients considered low fat cottage cheese to be most healthy for their general health, with low fat milk and cheese ranking 2nd (р 0.0001 compared to low fat cottage cheese). Fat milk and sour cream were perceived as unhealthy (р 0.0001 compared to healthy products). Sweet cheese curds were perceived by the patients as the most unhealthy/harmful (р 0.0001 compared with each of the rest products). All other medical aspects of food perceptions (impact on cardiovascular prevention and diabetes control) moderately or strongly correlated between each other and with the perception for general health (Spearman's r from 0.42 to 0.72, all р 0.0001). Taste perceptions of all products, except sour cream, demonstrated moderate correlation with their perception in terms of convenience of the use (Spearman's r from 0.36 to 0.47, all р 0.0001). Male patients perceived low fat milk as more tasty and sour cream as more healthy, than female patients (р = 0.029 and 0.046, respectively). Female patients found sour cream more tasty (р = 0.019), and low fat cottage cheese and cheese as more healthy, than males (р = 0.009 and 0.014, respectively). The frequencies of the product use was associated with medical aspects of their perceptions: patients use to eat/drink low fat milk, low fat cottage cheese and cheese significantly more often, than high fat milk and sweet cheese curds (р 0.0001), whereas sour cream was in an intermediate position as per its frequency of the use. Low fat cottage cheese and cheese ranked first according to the proportion of their consumers (91.3 and 90.7% of the patients, respectively), low fat milk ranked second (82% of the patients), and sour cream third (75%), whereas most patients abstain from the use of fat","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72653883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular stiffness in patients with solid malignancies","authors":"O. Andreeva, N. N. Semenov, D. Shchekochikhin, A. I. Novikova, N. A. Potemkina, M. A. Ozova, Zubeida A. Kuli-Zade, Victoria Levina, A. Shmeleva, M. Poltavskaya","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as one of the early markers of cardiovascular disorders. It is supposed to be a potential predictor of cardiovascular complications in patients receiving adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. \u0000Aim: To estimate the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in solid cancer patients compared to that in individuals without any malignancies. \u0000Materials and methods: This observational study included 74 patients with solid malignancies, mostly gastrointestinal. Prior to polychemotherapy, all patients were examined for endothelial function of small and large arteries (AngioScan-01, Fiton, Russia) and peripheral artery stiffness (pulse wave contour analysis and occlusion test). The results were compared with those of the Russian population trials of endothelial dysfunction Meridian-RO (Ryazan region) and trial in the rural population of the Krasnodar region. \u0000Results: Compromised vasodilation and smaller arteries tone were found in 64.9% (48/74) of the cancer patients, while impaired vasodilation of larger muscular arteries was present in 94.6% (70/74) of the patients. According to the Meridian-RO trial in the Ryazan region, endothelial dysfunction had been found in 51.2% (n = 341) of women and 52.4% (n = 300) of men, whereas the Krasnodar regional population data had shown it in 68.4% (n = 353) of women and 71.7% (n = 253) of men. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in the patients with solid malignancies, who have not undergone any chemo- or radiation therapy, is significantly higher than in the population of comparable age, conventional cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidities. No significant increase of vascular stiffness was identified.","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82170050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of deferred stenting in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"A. V. Azarov, M. Glezer, A. S. Zhuravlev, A. Babunashvili, S. P. Semitko, I. R. Rafaeli, I. Kovalchuk, Inomali K. Kamolov, Danizat Z. Masaeva, D. G. Ioseliani","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There have been a big number of studies assessing the efficacy of delayed coronary artery stenting (DCAS) in the prevention of no-reflow microvasculature injury compared to the standard immediate coronary artery stenting (ICAS) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the results of these studies are contradictory in a lot of ways. \u0000Aim: To summarize studies on the assessment of DCAS in the prevention of no-reflow compared to the standard ICAS. \u0000Materials and methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.RU databases. The analysis included 17 studies with a total sample of 3505 patients. The comparative analysis included angiography-based endpoints prevalence of no-reflow (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, TIMI 3 and myocardial blush grade, MBG 2, corrected TIMI frame count, CTFC) and clinical endpoints of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), recurrent myocardial infarction and recurrent revascularization. In addition, the analysis included the assessment of ST-elevation resolution, left ventricular ejection fraction values in the delayed post-intervention period and between-group differences. \u0000Results: The no-reflow phenomenon was significantly less frequent in the DCAS groups for the following parameters: epicardial flow TIMI 3 (odds ratio (OR) 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.492.69; p 0.00001; I = 16%), myocardial perfusion MBG 2 (OR 4.69; 95% CI 1.9811.14; p = 0.0005; I = 59%), CTFC (mean difference (MD) 10.29; 95% CI 0.9619.62; p = 0.03; I = 96%). The analysis of secondary endpoints showed that MACE were less frequent in the DCAS groups (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.041.60; p = 0.02; I = 42%), the difference becoming more significant in the studies with high initial thrombotic burden (TTG 3) (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.282.62; p = 0.0009; I = 41%). The most clinically significant decrease of the MACE rate was found in 5 studies (n = 656) with high initial thrombotic burden (TTG 3) and mean time to repeated intervention from 4 to 7 days (OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.865.32; p 0.0001; I = 0%). The reverse trend for a benefit in the ICAS group was observed in the studies with a high initial thrombotic burden (TTG 3) and mean time to recurrent intervention of 48 hours (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.301.19; p = 0.14; I = 20%). The ICAS and DCAS groups did not differ in overall mortality (p = 0.31), cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.49), repeated revascularization (p = 0.66), and ST resolution of 70% (p = 0.65). In the DCAS groups, there was an obvious trend to lower incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction (OR 1.28; 95% CI 0.951.73; p = 0.10; I = 0%), as well as to higher myocardial mass during the deferred analysis of left ventricular ejection fraction (OR -0.79; 95% CI -1.61 -0.04; p = 0.06; I = 36%). \u0000Conclusion: Deferred coronary artery stenting is an effective method for prevention of no-reflow. In patients with extended coronary thrombosis (TTG","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79299830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted treatment with somatostatin analogues: widening horizons of clinical practice","authors":"V. Pronin, M. Antsiferov, Tatiana M. Alexeeva, E. Pronin","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-019","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted treatment with somatostatin analogues (SA) in acromegaly and neuroendocrine neoplasms may have some benefits compared to curative treatments, because these agents decrease excessive hormone secretion and exert a tumor-suppressive effect. Monotherapy and combination therapy with SA is well tolerated and bears no risk of debilitating iatrogenic complications. In acromegaly caused by somatotropin producing pituitary tumor, first generation SA are treatment of choice after non-radical adenomectomy, as well as in the cases when patients reject surgery. Treatment efficacy depends on the pathomorphological types of somatotropic tumors, which are different in their receptor phenotype, clinical scenario and proliferative activity. The first generation SA are successfully used for medical treatment of other pituitary tumors (thyrotropic, corticotropic, gonadotropic, lactotropic with resistance to dopamine agonists), as well as for adjuvant therapy of neuroendocrine and non-endocrine neoplasms and elimination of various gastrointestinal disorders. The anti-secretory and anti-tumor effects of SA have been proven for gastroenteropancreatic tumors (carcinoid syndrome, vipomas, gastrinomas, insulinomas, glucagonomas, somatostatinomas). Targeted selection of patients for treatment with first generation SA based on the receptor phenotypes of malignant cells would facilitate more rapid achievement of biochemical remission, improvement of quality of life and survival.","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76169616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antegrade endobiliary forceps biopsy under the optical coherence tomography control in the diagnosis of Klatskin tumor: preliminary results","authors":"A. V. Kozlov, A. Polikarpov, A. Moiseenko, P. Tarazov, Alexander I. Urbanskiy, O. E. Latkin, D. A. Granov","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transcutaneous transhepatic endobiliary forceps biopsy is an accepted method for verification of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, but its sensitivity ranges from zero to 94%. In the recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been actively used to diagnose malignancies. \u0000Aim: To assess diagnostic accuracy of the OCT-assisted intraductal forceps biopsy in patients with Klatskin tumor. \u0000Materials and methods: From 2013 to 2021, 161 patients with preliminary diagnosis of Klatskin tumor were seen in Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies named after Academician A.M. Granov. The retrospective study included 48 patients and 51 procedures of the forceps biopsy. In 14 (29%) patients of the main study group, the biopsy procedure was performed with OCT assistance, whereas the control group (34 patients, 71%) had their biopsies without the OCT. \u0000Results: All procedures were technically successful. In the main and in the control study groups, sensitivity was 92.3% versus 73.3% (p = 0.32) and specificity 100% versus 85.7% (p = 0.88), respectively. Malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract was found in 13 cases versus 23 in the control group, with the degree of the tumor differentiation being determined in 64.3% (n = 9), versus 48.7% (n = 18) (p = 0.89), respectively. There were no adverse events associated with OCT and biopsy sampling in the main study group. In the control group, 4/37 procedures (10.8%) were associated with hemobilia, which was successfully treated conservatively within 24 hours without any prolongation of the hospital stay. \u0000Conclusion: Our preliminary results indicate that antegrade endobiliary forceps biopsy is a safe and informative technique. The OCT navigation increases the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis. This allows for a personalized choice of chemotherapy. OCT is a promising technique for differential diagnosis of Klatskin tumor from benign biliary strictures. Further large-scale studies are required to introduce it into everyday practice.","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76036448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and its impact on the long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction","authors":"M. Solodun, S. Yakushin, K. A. Moseichuk, E. Filippov","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite advanced in interventional and medical treatment, mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) remains high, which necessitates the search for predictors of poor outcome. An association between the gene CYP2C19 alleles with lower functional activity and the rates of cardiovascular events has been found. In a number of studies, negative impact of the *2 and *3 alleles of this polymorphic gene on the post-infarction course was shown. However, in most of these studies the patients were followed up from 3 months to 1 year. \u0000Aim: To evaluate the effect of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism (*2, *3) on the long-term prognosis in patients with a history of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). \u0000Materials and methods: This open-label prospective two-center study included 145 patients aged 45 to 75 years with a history of STEMI. For 1 year from STEMI on, all the patients were taking medications recommended for outcome improvement, such as statins, clopidogrel as a component of dual antiplatelet therapy, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The outcomes were assessed at 12 months by the endpoints of cardiovascular death and recurrent non-fatal MI, and at 5 years by the endpoints of overall mortality and recurrent non-fatal MI. \u0000Results: During one year of the follow up, 7 of 145 patients (4.8%) died from cardiovascular causes. Recurrent MI occurred in 8.3% (n = 12) of the patients. The carriers of *1*2 and *1*3 genotypes of the polymorphic CYP2C19 gene were 3.27-fold more likely to experience recurrent MI within 1 year, compared to the carriers of other genotypes (relative risk = 3.27 [95% confidence interval 1.03; 10.36], p = 0.03). After 5 years of the follow up, this association has disappeared. No influence of the assessed polymorphisms on overall and cardiovascular mortality was found (p 0.05). One hundred and seven (107) patients were followed up for 5 years; 14 (13.0%) of them died, other 15 patients (14.0%) had recurrent MIs. \u0000Conclusion: *2 and *3 alleles of the polymorphic CYP2C19 gene responsible for the metabolism of clopidogrel, are risk factors of an unfavorable 12-month outcome after STEMI. Subsequently, the influence of the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on the outcomes evades and is not associated with a 5-year prognosis. To improve post-STEMI outcomes at 1 year, it is necessary to implement the earliest personalized approached to antiplatelet treatment based on the results of the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism analysis.","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78383319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute arthritis associated with COVID-19","authors":"G. Taradin, T. Kugler, I. S. Malovichko, Liudmila V. Kononenko","doi":"10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-015","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is usually characterized by respiratory symptoms, but can have a wide range of clinical manifestations. The growing interest is focusing on the short-term and long-term immune-mediated sequelae triggered by the COVID-19. One of these complications is post-infectious arthritis, classified by some authors as reactive. This paper summarizes and analyzes 25 clinical cases of COVID-19-associated acute arthritis that have been published from January 2020 to November 2021. The mean age of the patients was 46 14 years, with the disease being more prevalent in men than in women. Joint lesions were mono- or polyarticular, with predominant involvement of the joints of the lower extremities. HLA-B27 antigen was determined in 13 of 25 patients and was found in 30% of cases. Like many other viral diseases, the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 caused by coronavirus can act as a causative agent or a trigger in the development of inflammatory arthritis in predisposed individuals. The post-infectious arthritis should be differentiated from diseases that can manifest with a similar clinical presentation, which requires a complex of laboratory and instrumental studies. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticosteroids are successfully used in the treatment. The number of cases of post-COVID-19-arthritis is increasing, which urges further studies of its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment regimens.","PeriodicalId":7638,"journal":{"name":"Almanac of Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90808917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}