Pathobiology annual最新文献_第6页

Endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract and related tumors. 胃肠道内分泌细胞及相关肿瘤。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1979-01-01

E Solcia, C Capella, R Buffa, L Usellini, B Frigerio, P Fontana

引用次数: 0

Electron microscopy of adipose tissue tumors: comparative features of hibernomas, myxoid and pleomorphic liposarcomas. 脂肪组织肿瘤的电镜观察:冬眠瘤、黏液样和多形性脂肪肉瘤的比较特征。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1979-01-01

V E Gould, W Jao, N S Gould, J V Johannessen

{"title":"Electron microscopy of adipose tissue tumors: comparative features of hibernomas, myxoid and pleomorphic liposarcomas.","authors":"V E Gould, W Jao, N S Gould, J V Johannessen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Two hibernomas, 16 myxoid, and eight pleomorphic liposarcomas were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Neoplastic cells in hibernomas and the type I cells--adipocytes--in myxoid liposarcomas consistently display abundant lipid droplet populations and prominent basal lamina deposition. Despite some variability in their distribution, these features clearly pertain to the mature and/or maturing characteristics of brown and white adipose cells. On the other hand, the more primitive type II cells of myxoid liposarcomas display highly variable, and occasionally absent, lipid droplet populations and basal lamina deposition. Moreover, the type II cells may also display other features such as prominent cytoplasmic filaments and rough endoplasmic reticulum that, while not characteristic of typical adipose cells, are still consistent with the more primitive mesenchymal cells from which they are assumed to derive. The cells of pleomorphic liposarcomas exhibit a variable lipid droplet population and apparently total absence of basal lamina deposition. Moreover, they often display atypical cell junctions that are neither characteristic for adipose cells nor for the \"primitive reticular cells\" from which adipocytes presumably derive. These observations would suggest that some \"high grade\" sarcomas may no be truly \"undifferentiated\"; rather, they may often display structural characteristics indicative of multiple as well as variable lines of differentiation. Therefore, classifications of such tumors based on quantitatively limited observations may not truly reflect their evident complexities.","PeriodicalId":76307,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology annual","volume":"9 ","pages":"339-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11592771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathophysiology of vitamin B12. 维生素B12的病理生理学。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000159540

C. A. Hall

引用次数: 1

The HLA system in human pathology. HLA系统在人类病理学中的应用。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1979-01-01

N Suciu-Foca

引用次数: 0

Pathophysiology of Cushing's disease. 库欣病的病理生理学。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1979-01-01

H L Fehm, K H Voigt

{"title":"Pathophysiology of Cushing's disease.","authors":"H L Fehm, K H Voigt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The term Cushing's disease is applied to those cases of Cushing's syndrome in which hypercortisolism is secondary to inappropriate secretion of ACTH by the pituitary. Studies on control of ACTH secretion in these patients reveal: (a) that the episodic secretion of ACTH is similar to the normal; however, frequency and amplitude of the secretory episodes lack the normal circadian rhythm; (b) that ACTH release can be stimulated by vasopressin and metyrapone in a normal or above-normal manner; and (c) that it can be suppressed by large doses of corticosteroids. When the dynamic aspects of the ACTH response to corticosteroid administration are studied, it appears that the normally negative differential feedback mechanism is converted into a positive one, whereas the delayed, integral mechanism is undisturbed. Patients with Cushing's disease in the presence of obvious pituitary tumors cannot be distinguished from those without pituitary tumors by studying only the pituitary function. All these and other well-known facts would favor the concept that ACTH secretion in Cushing's disease is under hypothalamic control whether or not a pituitary tumor is present. Moreover, there are observations that suggest that brain centers superior to the hypophysiotropic area of the hypothalamus are involved in the pathophysiology of Cushing's disease. This concept has led to the discovery of neurotropic drugs that are able to induce complete remission of Cushing's syndrome in a cerain percentage of patients. In some patients with severe psychiatric diseases, neuroendocrine abnormalities are present that resemble closely those characteristic for Cushing's disease. With the most refined neuroradiological methods, pituitary microadenomas are demonstrable in approximately 70% of patients with Cushing's disease, and this number compares well with those of earlier autopsy findings (70 to 80%). In a small number of patients (4 to 10%), these tumors are large and can easily be detected by standard roentgenograms of the head. Recent studies on the frequency of these large tumors do not support the hypothesis that adrenalectomy accelerates the progression of these tumors. In this case the term \"Nelson's syndrome\" would be uncessary. It is established that complete cure of Cushing's disease can be obtained in most patients with selective removal of a microadenoma from the pituitary gland. The current experience with this microsurgical procedure caused a renewed interest in Cushing's original suggestion that the disease is primarily a pituitary disorder. However, there are already a number of enigmatic observations. Possibly, the recent ultrastructural studies using immunocytochemical methods will resolve some of these problems. At this moment it is impossible to decide whether Cushing's disease is primarily a CNS or a pituitary disorder, when all arguments for one or the other hypothesis are taken into account...","PeriodicalId":76307,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology annual","volume":"9 ","pages":"225-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11440137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ischemic diseases of the large intestine. 大肠缺血性疾病。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1979-01-01

F Saegesser, U Roenspies, J W Robinson

{"title":"Ischemic diseases of the large intestine.","authors":"F Saegesser, U Roenspies, J W Robinson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The blood flow within the walls of the digestive tract must be sufficient to maintain its structural and functional integrity. All episodes of vascular insufficiency cause ischemic damage to the organ and carry the threat of diffuse or focal necrosis. Certain forms of ischemic colitis or proctitis arise from episodes of reduced peripheric or splanchnic blood flow; indeed, those that do not culminate in necorsis of the colonic wall are more frequently caused by hemodynamic disorders than by vascular occlusions. The crisis is often mitigated by the development of collateral circulation, which is nevertheless of rather meager quality, such that the patients are very vulnerable to subsequent slight changes in cardiac output. Necrotic, gangrenous ischemic colitis arises from a combination of occlusive damage to the arteries and general hemodynamic disturbances. The vascular insufficiency might be slight or severe, temporary or long-lasting, localized or diffuse. In addition, the attack occurs in a septic medium in the presence of an abundant microbial flora that may be highly pathogenic. Thus infection complicates and aggravates the ischemic damage, with the result that the gangrenous aspect of the lesions tends to hide their ischemic origin. Indeed, the variability of the manifestations of the disease represents one of its primary characteristics and is a function of the different causative factors. A knowledge of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the splanchnic circulation and its hemodynamics is essential for a full appreciation of the diagnosis and treatment of the disorders and for the adoption of the aggressive approach necessary to improve the poor prognosis of ischemic diseases of the colon and rectum. The salient points have been stressed in the present chapter. The features of the different forms of the disease have been described, together with the necessary medical treatment and the indications for surgical for surgical intervention. In the relatively rare cases where operation is necessary, the tactics and techniques have been described. All treatment should be based on (a) constant, prolonged intensive care; (b) precise monitoring of any change in status; and (c) rapid excision of any necrotic (often gangrenous) tissue. Ischemic colitis is most likely to occur in elderly patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, but it is not excluded in younger individuals. It is a frequent entity and is potentially lethal. Although its clinical, radiological, and anatomical characteristics permit its classification as a separate disease, it is often confused with other disorders of the colon. Although the abdominal surgeon is most likely to be concerned with this disease, the vascular surgeon who attacks the lower aorta should always be on the lookout for possible occurrences of segmentary ischemia of the distal colon as a result of his intervention.","PeriodicalId":76307,"journal":{"name":"Pathobiology annual","volume":"9 ","pages":"303-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11592770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. 系统性红斑狼疮的发病机制。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1978-01-01

F W Quimby, R S Schwartz

引用次数: 0

Membrane biology and cancer therapy. 膜生物学与癌症治疗。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1978-01-01

D F Wallach

引用次数: 0

Leukocyte lysosomes and inflammation: the example of arthritis. 白细胞溶酶体和炎症:关节炎的例子。

Pathobiology annual Pub Date : 1978-01-01

S Honig, S Hoffstein, G Weissmann