{"title":"Optimizing etching depth for ultra-high brightness green micro-LED display development","authors":"Shuxiong Gao, Chaoyu Lu, Dechao Guo, Yumin Zhang, Sibo Gao, Jie Zhang, Feng Deng, Zeyang Meng, Xuemei Chen, Songwen Hu, Yunhong Zhou, Wenyun Yang, Guanghua Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0213539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0213539","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED) displays have attracted much attention due to their high brightness, low power consumption, long lifetime, and fast response. It is considered to have the potential to revolutionize the development direction of next-generation visual display technology. However, the development of micro-LED displays faces numerous issues, primarily due to etching processes for pixel array manufacturing, which cause sidewall damage and decreased photoelectric efficiency. Specifically, these issues are particularly serious when preparing small-sized high-resolution displays. In this work, we effectively overcame the above-mentioned problems by only etching the electron barrier during the preparation process of pixel arrays. The prepared micro-LED display exhibits excellent optoelectronic properties, with the highest brightness and current efficiency reaching 1.66 × 106 nits and 104 cd/A, respectively. The method provides a feasible idea for preparing high-performance micro-LED displays.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"373 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1063/5.0219257
Yang Yang, Zebin Zuo, Guanglong Chen, Yunjiu Cao
{"title":"Re-investigation on effect of equivalent diameter of the conical nozzle on cluster size","authors":"Yang Yang, Zebin Zuo, Guanglong Chen, Yunjiu Cao","doi":"10.1063/5.0219257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219257","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the Hagena scaling law, the cluster size in a gas jet is dependent on the equivalent diameter of a conical nozzle. In this work, the effect of the equivalent diameter deq of a conical nozzle on cluster size is separated into the individual effects of the throat diameter d and the half-opening angle α by comparing the Rayleigh scattering signals from gas jets. Nine types of conical nozzles with three different throat diameters (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mm) and three different half-opening angles (8.5°, 14.0°, and 24.2°) are used to produce argon gas jets at gas backing pressures from 10 up to 80 bar. The experimental results show that the effect of the throat diameter d is almost the same as that expected by the scaling law. However, the scaling law overestimates the effect of the half-opening angle α. The result is helpful for the precise characterization of cluster size and further understanding the interaction between intense laser and gas clusters.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1063/5.0206276
Shuaibing Li, Baopeng Lu, Yi Cui, Yongqiang Kang, Haiying Dong
{"title":"Nonlinear torsion-dominated deterioration behavior of wind generator output cable under electrothermal aging","authors":"Shuaibing Li, Baopeng Lu, Yi Cui, Yongqiang Kang, Haiying Dong","doi":"10.1063/5.0206276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206276","url":null,"abstract":"Wind turbine generator output cables are subjected to alternating torsional loads during long-term operation, combined with electrothermal stress, which may lead to insulation failure and other serious issues. Currently, the electrothermal aging mechanism under torsional stress is not fully understood. This study explores the synergistic degradation mechanism of electrothermal aging and nonlinear torsion by constructing a multi-stress aging test platform in the laboratory environment. This study involved accelerated aging tests with thermal, electrothermal, and electrothermal–torsional alternating stresses. The aged cable samples were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while dielectric spectroscopy and mechanical tests were employed to evaluate their dielectric and mechanical performance. The results indicate that torsional stress induces physical changes at the molecular level in the ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR), leading to reduced strength, hardening, and increased brittleness, resulting in decreased mechanical strength. In addition, torsional stress promotes oxidation reactions and chain scission processes in the insulation layer, reducing crystallinity and causing a decline in mechanical performance. Increased oxidation and chain scission reactions result in an increase in polar groups, leading to an increase in the dielectric loss factor of the EPR. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the design, manufacturing, and operational monitoring of wind turbine generator output cables.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"366 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1063/5.0213553
Bipin Kumar Singh, Amit Kumar, Robert Cep, Ajay Kumar, Ashwini Kumar, Namrata Dogra, K. Logesh
{"title":"Behavior of CuO as solid lubricant inside ZTA matrices","authors":"Bipin Kumar Singh, Amit Kumar, Robert Cep, Ajay Kumar, Ashwini Kumar, Namrata Dogra, K. Logesh","doi":"10.1063/5.0213553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0213553","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation delves into the behavior of copper oxide (CuO) as a solid lubricant inside zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramic composites. The investigation starts with the preparation of ZTA through co-precipitation followed by powder metallurgy to develop CuO (1.5 wt. %)/ZTA composites. In all cases, hot isotactic pressing is applied for densification. The fully densified samples are thoroughly mirror-polished to investigate the mechanical and tribological properties. A 1.8% reduction in micro-hardness and 6% improvement in fracture toughness are observed with incorporation of CuO into the ZTA matrices. The analysis reveals that the presence of ionic copper at the grain boundary leads to the formation of copper-rich phases, causing a decrease in hardness. However, the softer CuO particles contribute to crack bridging and crack deflection, enhancing fracture toughness. Subsequent investigation into the tribological properties highlights the positive influence of the softer CuO phases acting as a secondary component within the ZTA matrix. A significant enhancement of 39.34% in the Coefficient of Friction (COF) is achieved by incorporating CuO into the ZTA matrix. This improvement can be attributed to the formation of a patchy layer through smearing and squeezing actions on wear debris during sliding. The uniform patchy layer results in smoother and more polished surfaces, leading to an improvement in both the COF and specific wear rate. Further wear analysis reveals various phenomena contributing to surface wear, including pullout of grain particles, micro-fracture, high abrasions, and laminar removal of grains. Overall, the introduction of CuO proves to be beneficial, showcasing improved mechanical and tribological properties in the developed composites, with application in dies, inserts, sparkplugs, etc.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1063/5.0217139
D. Parajuli, N. Murali
{"title":"Mg2+ substitution effect on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8−xMgxCo0.1Mn0.1O2 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) cathode materials for LIBs","authors":"D. Parajuli, N. Murali","doi":"10.1063/5.0217139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0217139","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the performance of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries, novel compositions and synthesis methods are continually being explored. This study focuses on the substitution of Mg into LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 to develop LiNi0.8−xMgxCo0.1Mn0.1O2 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) cathode materials using the sol–gel auto-combustion approach. The materials synthesized at 850 °C/18 h are characterized by TG/DTA, XRD, FESEM with EDS, FT-IR, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge studies. XRD confirmed the rhombohedral–hexagonal structure of the system with the space group R3̄m. Field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated a slight agglomeration morphology and size distribution from 200 to 320 nm. The initial discharge capacities are 214.84 and 233.57 mA h g−1, tested at a rate of 0.1 C in an operating voltage range of 3.0–4.6 V, and are found to be improved for the x = 0.03 material. Compared to the undoped sample, the Mg-doped LiNi0.77Mg0.03Co0.1Mn0.1O2 exhibited better retention capacity (96.48%) over five cycles. In addition, the cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated improved cycling stability and higher anodic current for the Mg-doped samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that Mg substitution reduced the transfer resistance, enhancing the material’s conductivity and overall electrochemical performance.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"366 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1063/5.0212745
R. Q. Wu
{"title":"HeF2 and ArF2 molecules from first-principles study","authors":"R. Q. Wu","doi":"10.1063/5.0212745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0212745","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic and structural properties of noble gas difluorides XF2 (X = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) in linear molecular form are systematically calculated by the first-principles method based on density functional theory. Except NeF2, all the proposed molecules have been found to have stable structures, and a mechanism for the formation of chemical bond between noble gases and fluorines is proposed. Electronic formation enthalpies and vibrational frequencies suggest that molecular HeF2 and ArF2 promise to be experimentally synthesized. This study provides preliminary analysis for later experimental works.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1063/5.0204128
Yonglong Ding
{"title":"Exploring the nexus between thermodynamic phase transitions and geometric fractals through systematic lattice point classification","authors":"Yonglong Ding","doi":"10.1063/5.0204128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0204128","url":null,"abstract":"Fractals are ubiquitous in the natural world, and their connection with phase transitions has been widely observed. This study investigates mechanisms of fractal formation from the perspective of phase transitions. A novel set of probability calculation methods is introduced to establish a direct link between fractals and phase transitions. Notably, in the Ising model, a specific category of boundary lattice points undergoes a phase transition when the associated weight reaches ∼0.4. The identified correlation between phase transitions and fractals suggests the emergence of fractal structures at this critical weight. This paper offers supporting evidence for this conclusion through the deliberate manipulation of the proposed probability-based method. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between fractals and phase transitions, providing valuable insights for further exploration in diverse scientific domains.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1063/5.0217529
J. Alvarez, W. Leyva, F. Racedo, R. Sarmiento
{"title":"Development of a compact control circuit for voltage-controlled oscillator with applications in laser stabilization","authors":"J. Alvarez, W. Leyva, F. Racedo, R. Sarmiento","doi":"10.1063/5.0217529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0217529","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments in atomic physics, spectroscopy, and metrology require the compulsory use of frequency- and/or power-stabilized laser beams. For this purpose, acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) or electro-optic modulators are commonly used. AOMs are the most widely employed because of their ability to not only control the frequency and amplitude but also manipulate the spatial deflection of the beam. The operation of AOMs requires stable radio frequency oscillators, which can be implemented using Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) systems or Voltage-Controlled Oscillators (VCOs). DDS systems offer high precision and a wide range of operating frequencies but at a high cost and with a more complex experimental setup. However, VCO-based systems provide excellent resolution, are more cost-effective, and can be implemented more rapidly in the final application because of their low complexity. In this work, a detailed design of a compact system for controlling an AOM, which is easily constructed based on a VCO and some readily available discrete components, is presented. The constructed device was successfully used in two applications for controlling an extended cavity diode laser: one to reduce typical undesired fluctuations in laser intensity and the other for laser frequency stabilization to a hyperfine structure transition of the rubidium D2 line.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1063/5.0203520
M. Palla, F. Le Bourdais, J. P. Garandet
{"title":"On the potential of ultrasonic time of flight instrumentation for the monitoring of thermal phenomena in laser powder bed fusion","authors":"M. Palla, F. Le Bourdais, J. P. Garandet","doi":"10.1063/5.0203520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0203520","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper describes a proof of concept showing the ability of ultrasound time of flight measurements to complement existing temperature measurements in a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process. To this end, two printers (a 3D Systems ProX DMP 320 and a Farsoon FS 271M) were instrumented with ultrasonic transducers, as well as with thermal cameras and thermocouples. The obtained results show that the time of flight signals can provide information that is both consistent and complementary with the data from the standard thermal camera and thermocouple systems. Such a conclusion is shown to be valid at both the macroscopic (i.e., whole fabrication) and the microscopic (individual layer melting and solidification) time scales. The present work shows that ultrasound time of flight data are a useful in situ diagnostic measurement. In addition, we discuss how it could be used for the validation of layer scale numerical models of the thermal phenomena during the printing process.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIP AdvancesPub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1063/5.0219742
Wei Wei, Jun Fang, Ning Yang, Qi Li, Lin Hu, Jie Han, Lanbo Zhao
{"title":"OPNet: Optimized multi-head graph attention network for polymer properties prediction","authors":"Wei Wei, Jun Fang, Ning Yang, Qi Li, Lin Hu, Jie Han, Lanbo Zhao","doi":"10.1063/5.0219742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219742","url":null,"abstract":"The optimized multi-head graph attention network (OPNet) uses the multi-head graph attention network to predict both the thermal decomposition temperature with a 5% mass loss (Td5%) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymers as a machine learning model. The OPNet model provides reliable performance predictions for the Td5% and Tg datasets. The OPNet regression evaluation metrics R2 of Td5% is 0.76, which is the best, and the regression evaluation metrics R2 of Tg is 0.91, which is better than the current existing method models (the best model R2 ≈ 0.90). The OPNet model is an end-to-end network model, eliminating the need for manual data filtering or feature extraction. By analyzing the feature weights of the OPNet model, it is found that structures such as benzene rings play a more important role. At the same time, we have confirmed through other literature that such structures do have better stability and a higher thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature. Therefore, the OPNet model exhibits interpretability and holds significant reference value for the field of materials science.","PeriodicalId":7619,"journal":{"name":"AIP Advances","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}