African Journal of Microbiology Research最新文献

{"title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolates from ward environment of a hospital in Tema, Ghana","authors":"J. Apenteng, Esther Eyram Asare Yeboah, G. Kyere-Davies","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2020.9338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2020.9338","url":null,"abstract":"Community and hospital-acquired antimicrobial resistance is on the increase worldwide and threatens the ability to treat patients effectively. This can result in high levels of morbidity and mortality from microbial infections. Susceptibility patterns help track microbial resistance potentials in order to enhance antibiotic prescription and use. The susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi from the wards of a major hospital in the Tema Metropolis of the Greater Accra region of Ghana were studied. Fifty-seven S. aureus and 12 S. typhi isolates were confirmed from 150 samples collected from the various parts of the hospital wards. The isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility/resistance against five antibiotics namely: Cefuroxime, gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results revealed that hospital door handles had the highest number of microbes as compared to other sites. Of the S. typhi isolates, 66.67% were resistant to cefuroxime but completely susceptible to gentamicin. Also, 75.44% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to cefuroxime but highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline. The results indicate that S. aureus and S. typhi are gradually developing resistance to cefuroxime which is currently a major antibiotic in the health delivery system of Ghana.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aflatoxins B1 contamination levels in maize and awareness of aflatoxins among main maize stakeholders in Chemba and Kondoa Districts, Tanzania","authors":"Asha Hamad Ndwata, S. A. Rashid, Davis Chaula","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9637","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays) is the staple food for the majority of people in Tanzania which plays a key role in subsistence and a cash crop among actors of the maize value chain. Environmental factors such as soil contamination by fungi, water stress, warm and humid conditions are among several factors contributing to fungal growth and aflatoxins contamination in maize, leading to significant economic loss, reduced household income, health problems to humans and animals and interferes with food security to communities. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information on awareness associated with aflatoxin contamination in maize from 160 smallholder farmers, 160 consumers and 60 traders in Kondoa and Chemba districts in Dodoma Region. A total of 90 maize samples (40 from smallholder farmers, 30 from consumers and 20 from traders) were analyzed for AFB1 using immunoaffinity high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) type Agilent Technologies 1200 serial. Data were statistically analyzed to assess awareness levels among maize main stakeholder and to check the current levels of aflatoxins B1 contamination in the study community. AFB1 was detected in five samples. About 3.3% of the contaminated maize had AFB1 levels above TBS acceptable levels (5 μg/kg). The highest mean concentration of AFB1 was in maize samples taken from traders with a mean of 9.88±5.904 μg/kg. The majority 56% of smallholder farmers and 52% of traders were aware of aflatoxins contamination and associated health effects on animals and humans. However, 74% of consumers were unaware of aflatoxins contamination in maize. The levels of contamination are low in the sample taken along maize value chain. An effective and broad awareness programme for community especially consumers on good management for prevention of aflatoxins contamination is necessary, as maize is the most consumed grain in the study area.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43565660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Basidiobolus species from the common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) and their association with isolates from human basidiobolomycosis","authors":"R. Martin, Al Bshabshe Ali, M. A. Ahmed, M. Mohammed, Mathew Anjali, E. Mohamed","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9616","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Basidiobolus contains large groups of terrestrial fungi including the etiological agents of human gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB). This study aimed to identify Basidiobolus species from the common house gecko and to compare them with human GIB isolates. Gecko and human GIB samples were collected from Muhayil Aseer area, south Saudi Arabia (2017-2019). Isolation of fungi from the gut contents of geckos was performed using Sabouraud dextrose agar incubated aerobically at 30°C for five days. Suspected Basidiobolus species were tentatively identified using routine bench tests and phenotypes were authenticated by phylogenetic analysis of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Isolates (n = 10) were found to have zygomycete-like phenotypic characteristics. In the 28S ribosomal RNA gene phylogenetic tree, the strains assembled in the subclade encompass Basidiobolus spp. along with previously reported isolates from human’ GIB. The strains had a close resemblance with Basidiobolus haptosporus (99.97%) as well as with B. haptosporus var. minor (99.97%). One isolate (L3) falls within the subclade containing B. haptosporus strain NRRL28635. The recovery of similar isolates from both humans and gecko lizards in one geographic region is an important development toward knowing risk factors for GIB.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47122208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial contamination and risk factors associated with naira notes circulating in Polytechnic Campus, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria","authors":"C. O. Anidiobu, V. O. Anidiobu, Daberechi Ifunanya Amasowomwan-Uyi","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9613","url":null,"abstract":"The abused Nigerian currency became an issue of concern recently, when the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) launched a nationwide enlightenment campaign aimed at educating the public on the proper handling of Naira notes. The study investigated the current bacterial contamination of Nigerian currency notes as well as the risk factors associated with it in Polytechnic Community Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria. A total of 32 samples of Naira notes, four pieces of each denomination of ₦5, ₦10, ₦20, ₦50, ₦100, ₦200, ₦500, and ₦1000 were carefully collected from various locations on campus and subjected to standard methods for the isolation and identification of bacterial isolates. A total of 100 structured questionnaires were distributed at random to sample the opinions and views of the Polytechnic campus population on the use and mishandling of Naira notes. The findings revealed that all samples contain bacteria. The ₦50 notes had the highest bacterial contamination (18.7%), while the ₦5 notes had the lowest bacterial contaminant (7.5%). The most prevalent bacterial contaminants were Escherichia coli (78%), Staphylococcus aureus (66%), Klebsiella species (59%), Micrococcus species (31%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%). Bacteria contamination was higher in polymer notes than in paper notes. As a result, pathogenic bacteria were discovered on the surface of naira notes, making them useful candidates for food-borne pathogens and increasing the spread of food-borne disease. This result is critical in informing the public about the dangers of dirty currency notes to their health.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44033124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in urinary tract infection cases of HIV patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria","authors":"B. N. John-Onwe, I. Iroha, I. Moses, A. Onuora, J. O. Nwigwe, E. Adimora, I. Okolo, H. O. Uzoeto, J. Ngwu, I. Mohammed, A. Oladimeji","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9624","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-PEc) in HIV-infected individuals with urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA II), and the responses of these bacterial pathogens to colistin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and ertapenem. Exactly 200 urine samples (mid-stream) were collected from HIV-infected individuals. Standard microbiological techniques were used to characterize bacterial isolates. Phenotypic screening for the production of ESBLs was done by double disc synergy test. Antibiotic susceptibility study was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results showed the presence of ESBL-PEc in the urine samples of HIV-infected individuals. ESBL-PEc were highly resistant to gentamycin (85%), ofloxacin (75%), ciprofloxacin (75%), nalidixic acid (70%), tobramycin (65%), kanamycin (64.3%), and norfloxacin (60%), but susceptible to ertapenem (60%) and amikacin (57.1%). The ESBL-PEc isolates were multidrug-resistant. Average multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) value of isolates was 0.8, further depicting misuse/abuse of these antibiotic classes in our study area. Thus, it is pertinent to carry out antibiotic susceptibility testing before the commencement of antibiotic therapy, especially in HIV-positive patients with UTIs so as to attain effective treatment regimens and reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46750380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla and Vitellaria paradoxa","authors":"U. Oyedum","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9612","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study was carried out to determine the phytochemical components and Euphorbia heterophylla antibacterial activity as well as Vitellaria paradoxa leaf crude extracts on four enteric organisms, namely: Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella flexneri , and Escherichia coli. The clinical isolates of the enteric organisms were subjected to test of antimicrobial susceptibility using technique of agar diffusion. Phytochemistry of the E. heterophylla crude extracts exposed the presence of more phenolics, phlobatannins, tannins and cardiac glycosides than V. paradoxa , which revealed the presence of more steroids. All crude E. heterophylla extracts produced high clear inhibition zones, compared to the V. paradoxa counterpart at concentration ranging from 50 to 200 mg/ml. In vivo antimicrobial assay discovered that the mice treated with the crude methanolic E. heterophylla extracts, after being infected with the test organisms, survived and showed no pathological effects as compared to the V. paradoxa counterpart, which showed 20% pathological effects. E. heterophylla crude extract could be a possible source for the diseases treatment associated with enteric organisms such as P. vulgaris, S. Typhi, S. flexneri, as well as E. coli . Additional studies should be directed towards isolation as well as characterisation of the active compound in the crude extracts. heterophylla ; EHML-Methanolic leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHAL-Aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHPL-Petroleum ether leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla; EHCS-Chloroform stem extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHMS- Methanolic stem extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHAS-Aqueous stem extract of Euphorbia heterophylla; EHPS-Petroleum ether stem extract of Euphorbia heterophylla; EHCR-Chloroform root extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHMR-Methanolic root extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHAR-Aqueous root extract of Euphorbia heterophylla EHPR- ether root extract of Euphorbia heterophyll. extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHAL-Aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHPL-Petroleum ether leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla; EHCS-Chloroform stem extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHMS-Methanolic stem extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHAS-Aqueous stem extract of Euphorbia heterophylla; EHPS-Petroleum ether stem extract of Euphorbia heterophylla; EHCR-Chloroform root extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHMR-Methanolic root extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHAR-Aqueous root extract of Euphorbia heterophylla ; EHPR-Petroleum ether root extract of Euphorbia heterophyll.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45597628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance profile of Staphylococcus strains and detection of the Mec A, Van A and Van B genes in private hospitals in Benin","authors":"Adzavon Prosper, V. Tamegnon, Koudokpon Hornel, Legba Boris, Jerrold Agbankpé Alidehou, Fabiyi Kafayath, B. Lamine","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9537","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to identify the emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus resistant to vancomycin and to investigate the presence of Mec A , Van A and Van B genes among Staphylococcus strains isolated from hospital environment. For each type of sample, surface of beds, recyclable material, boxes of rodar, floor and door slats, 53 samples were taken. So, a total of 265 samples were collected by swabbing (except boxes of rodar) in a private clinic in southern Benin. Bacteriological analysis was performed using the conventional method followed by DNA extraction with the Quiagen kit. The resistance genes Mec A , Van A and Van B were sought using specific primers. 215 samples were culture positive with 155 strains (62%) of coagulase negative (CNS) staphylococci and 95 strains (38%) of S. aureus . The majority of strains were resistant to gentamycin and clindamycin. These 155 strains were carried the Mec A gene and 10 strains carried the Van A and Van B gene. The study reveals the presence of resistant Staphylococci carrying the Mec A gene, which could be responsible for nosocomial infections in patients. Hygiene must be improved to limit the spread of these germs and protect patients.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49030287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Alleles 8 and 9 Strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides circulating in South East Nigeria and Comparison with Vaccine Reference Strain T1/44","authors":"C. Kingsley, T. I. Livinus, Igomu Elayoni, I. Paul, D. Pam, I. Kenneth, S. Ishaku, P. M. Olabode, A. Usman","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9605","url":null,"abstract":"1 Mycoplasma Laboratory Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. 2 Bacterial Vaccine Production Division, National Veterinary Reseasrch Institute, Vom, Nigeria. 3 Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. 4 Federal College of Animal Health and Production, Vom, Nigeria. 5 Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49017704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and in-vitro assessment of antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against Magnaporthe oryzae Longorola strain causing rice blast disease in Mali","authors":"Diarra Mahamadou, Kassogué Adounigna, H. Amadou, H. Oumarou, C. Fousseyni, Hamadoun Abdoulaye","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9476","url":null,"abstract":"Pyricularia oryzea (Magnaporthe oryzae) causes blast diseases in rice (Oryza sativa) in Mali. The losses could reach 90% of production during rainy weather conditions. Isolation and characterization of M. oryzae and Trichoderma species were carried out to assess the importance and distribution of the pathogen and antagonist Trichoderma species in rice fields in Sikasso (Mali), and select, in vitro, Trichoderma species with high pathogen biocontrol activity. In the pathogen isolation, only one isolate of M. oryzae were obtained, while 12 Trichoderma isolates were obtained. In the fungal growth tests three isolates of Trichoderma: Trichoderma harzianum S31, T. harzianum S32, and T. harzianum S33 highly inhibited the growth of the pathogen with a coefficient of antagonism of 0.55, 0.71 and 0.78 respectively. These isolates were selected for further greenhouse and field tests.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45485350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling of meropenem-resistant bacteria in a river receiving wastewater effluent from a pharmaceutical industrial unit","authors":"Ho Hwang Sung, Jinchuan Young","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9588","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to understand the seasonal occurrence and diversity of species of meropenem-resistant bacteria in the Gumuncheon river receiving effluents from a pharmaceutical industry in Seoul, Korea.Water samples were collected from the Gumuncheon river in Kyoung-gi province during winter (January), spring (April), summer (August), and fall (November) of 2018. Water samples were plated in triplicate on tryptic soy agar plates containing 16 mg/L meropenem. Meropenem-resistant bacteria were isolated and genetically identified using 16S rRNA analysis. The predominant bacterial genera identified were Elizabethkingia, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium and Stenotrophomonas. Among these; Pseudomonas species Pseudomonas chengduensis and Pseudomonas taiwanesis showed resistance against 15 antibiotics. To prevent the occurrence and spread of meropenem-resistant bacteria in rivers, it is necessary to implement methods that can simultaneously kill multi-drug resistant bacteria and remove antibioticsfrom pharmaceutical industry effluent discharge. Further, to stop the spread of meropenem-resistant bacteria in environment, effluent discharge water should be stringently assessed for their risk of being an environmental hazard.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}