Russian Journal of Electrochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Passage of Diffusion-Migration Current Across Electrode/Membrane/Solution System. Part 1: Short-Time Evolution. Binary Electrolyte (Equal Mobilities)","authors":"M. A. Vorotyntsev,&nbsp;P. A. Zader","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700125","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The express-method proposed recently for experimental determination of diffusion coefficients of electroactive ions inside a membrane and their distribution coefficients at the membrane/solution boundary (<i>Russ. J. Electrochem</i>., 2022, 58, 1103) is based on the comparison of the measured non-stationary current for the electrode/membrane/electrolyte solution system upon the applying of a potential step with the theoretical expressions for the current–time dependence. Application of this method for the study of bromide-anion transport across the membrane was performed in the previous work under the condition of the membrane permselectivity where the amplitude of the electric field inside the membrane was suppressed owing to a high concentration of non-electroactive counterions. Then, the coion (bromide anion) transport occurred by the diffusional mechanism, for which the solution was available in an analytical form. The present study considers for the first time a non-stationary electrodiffusional transmembrane transport of two singly charged ions (e.g., background cation М⁺ as the counterion and electroactive anion X^– as the coion) having identical diffusion coefficients where the current passage induced a transient electric field in this space, resulting in a deviation from predictions for the diffusional mechanism. It is found that within the short time interval after the applying of the potential step from the membrane equilibrium state to the limiting current regime (where the thickness of the non-stationary diffusion layer is significantly smaller than that of the membrane) the non-stationary distributions of the ion concentrations and of the electric field strength as a function of two variables (the spatial and temporal ones, <i>x</i> and <i>t</i>) can be expressed via a function of one variable, <i>Z</i>(<i>z</i>), where <i>z</i> = <i>x</i>/(4<i>Dt</i>)^1/2. The form of the expression, depending on the ratio of the surface concentration of component X to the fixed charge density inside the membrane (<i>X</i>_m/<i>C</i>_f) has been found by numerical integration. The limiting current varies with time according to the Cottrell formula (<i>I</i> ~ <i>t</i>^–1/2); the dependence of the dimensionless current amplitude, <i>i</i>, on the <i>X</i>_m/<i>C</i>_f ratio is found by numerical calculation; an approximate analytical formula has also been proposed. In particular, the passing current is shown to be close to the diffusion-limited one for a low coion concentration at the membrane/electrolyte solution boundary as compared with the concentration of immobile charged groups inside the membrane (<i>X</i>_m/<i>C</i>_f <span>( ll )</span> 1), whereas the migration contribution to the ionic fluxes doubles the limiting current when the opposite condition (<i>X</i>_m/<i>C</i>_f <span>( gg )</span> 1) is fulfilled.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 7","pages":"532 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Power Supercapacitor with Electrodes Made of Composite Carbon Nanopaper Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Xerogel","authors":"A. V. Krestinin,&nbsp;A. B. Tarasenko,&nbsp;S. A. Kochanova,&nbsp;S. A. Kislenko","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700113","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The nanocomposite of a resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogel and carbon nanotubes after carbonation was obtained in the form of a composite carbon nanopaper (CCNP) with the thickness of 100–300 microns, the density from 0.1 to 0.5 g/cm³ and the electronic conductivity of more than 10 S/cm. The microporous structure of the nanopaper is formed by carbonized resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogel, and the mesoporous structure is formed by the nanotube framework. Previously, the characteristics of nanopaper electrodes in an aqueous electrolyte of 1M H₂SO₄ were measured, where the maximum capacitance was 155 F/g (56 F/cm³). To work with an organic electrolyte, a method for activating CCNP with potassium hydroxide has been developed. In this paper the characteristics of electrodes made of activated nanopaper (a-CCNP) in an organic electrolyte 1 M 1,1-Dimethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (DMPBF₄)/acetonitrile solution were measured. The capacitance in this electrolyte has been reached 70 F/g (27 F/cm³). According to measurements on a laboratory assembly of a symmetrical supercapacitor (SC) with electrodes made of CCNP, the characteristics are calculated when the SC operates in the mode of short pulse switching with an efficiency of EF = 95%. In an aqueous electrolyte of 1 M H₂SO₄ (<i>U</i>₀ = 1.0 V), the volumetric energy density was <i>E</i>_0.95,SC = 0.9 W h/L and the volumetric power density was <i>P</i>_0.95,SC = 2.1 kW/L. In 1 M DMPBF₄/acetonitrile electrolyte (<i>U</i>₀ = 2.7 V), the design characteristics of the capacitor were: volumetric energy density <i>E</i>_0.95,SC = 3.8 W h/L and volumetric power density <i>P</i>_0.95,SC = 2.0 kW/L. The specific characteristics of power SCs are compared with electrodes made of activated CCNP and of other carbon materials. In mass production, nanocomposite electrodes are estimated to be cheaper than activated carbon microfibers and significantly cheaper than graphene electrodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 7","pages":"513 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Flexible Highly Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Urea Sensor Based on Nonwoven Fabric That Uses Ag-Doped NiO","authors":"Ghasem Abdollahi,&nbsp; Mohammad Hossein Mashhadizadeh","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700162","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transition metals, one of the many modifiers used in enzyme-free sensors, have received impressive attention among the various modification materials for urea electrochemical sensors with low cost. Textiles represent a flexible material for collecting sweat samples for non-invasive urea detection. In our study, we developed a nonwoven fabric-based modified carbon paste electrode using Ag-doped NiO (Ag/NiO) as a sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical urea sensor. A variety of techniques were used to characterize synthesized Ag/NiO, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical properties of the Ag/NiO nanocomposite modified carbon paste on a textile electrode were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry. The electrode was able to oxidize urea in alkaline solutions with high sensitivity, a wide linear range (2.5 × 10^–3 to 5 mM), a low detection limit (8 µM), long-term stability, and good selectivity. Finally, urea concentrations in human sweat samples and plasma were determined by the sensor.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 7","pages":"571 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Oxidized Carbon Nanotubes Modification Conditions on Their Catalytic Activity and Selectivity in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction to Hydrogen Peroxide","authors":"N. V. Maltseva,&nbsp;S. I. Moseenkov,&nbsp;M. V. Lebedeva,&nbsp;D. V. Kozlov","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700137","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Catalysts of the hydrogen peroxide cathodic synthesis are obtained from multiwalled carbon nanotubes pre-oxidized with nitric acid, follow by hydrogen reduction in the 300–500°C temperature range. Evaluation of physico-chemical properties of the catalysts showed the synthesis method used to be able controlling changes in the surface oxygen groups’ composition without any change in the multiwalled carbon nanotubes’ structure and morphology. Investigation of catalytic activity in the cathodic process for hydrogen peroxide production demonstrated the sample prepared by hydrogen reduction at 300°C with oxygen content of 5.2 at % (according to XPS data) to have the highest efficiency. The sample produced the hydrogen peroxide with the rate of 0.34 mol/(g h) and Faradaic efficiency of 78%. Increase in the reduction temperature above 300°C resulted in a decrease in the rate of Н₂О₂ accumulation without severe changes in Faradaic efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 7","pages":"544 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion Resistance of Phytic Acid/Benzotriazole Composite Conversion Film on a Copper Surface","authors":"Yong Lin,&nbsp;Yongxin Guo,&nbsp;Jhih H. Liang,&nbsp;Zhongyu Yang,&nbsp;Da Bian,&nbsp;Yongwu Zhao","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700186","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phytic acid (PA) benzotriazole composite conversion films with different concentrations of BTA were prepared by an impregnation method, and their wettability, microstructure, and corrosion resistance were studied. The results showed that when the BTA content was 1.6 wt %, the maximum water contact angle of the conversion film reached 137.5°, and the corrosion current density reached a minimum of 1.610 × 10^–7 A/cm². The salt spray and corrosive liquid environments experimental results also showed that the synergistic effect of PA and BTA was the best when the BTA concentration was 1.6 wt %. Hydrogen bonds are formed between PA chelates and BTA chelates enhancing the density of the conversion film leading to the improvement of corrosion resistance of conversion film on a copper surface with the introduction of BTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 7","pages":"557 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"K0.5MnO2@MWCNT@Super P Composite Electrode for Potassium-Ion Battery Cathode","authors":"Shujie Yang,&nbsp;Xin Min,&nbsp;Hui Fan,&nbsp;Zhaohui Huang,&nbsp;Bin Ma,&nbsp;Bozhi Yang,&nbsp;Chaoqi Liu,&nbsp;Minghao Fang","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700174","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the development of energy storage, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have gradually become a suitable substitute for lithium-ion batteries. Where the layered transition metal oxides cathode materials of potassium ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical capacity, unique two-dimensional potassium ion diffusion channels, simple preparation and low cost. In this work, we designed a K_0.5MnO₂@MWCNT@Super P (KMP) composite electrode with P3-type layered structure as the cathode in PIBs through coprecipitation—high temperature sintering method. The SEM results show that the prepared KMP composite electrodes are secondary particles formed by three-dimensional network structures and particles through point–line contact and point–point contact. As a result, the composite electrode with a 7 : 2 : 1 weight ratio of K_0.5MnO₂, conductive carbon (Super-P: MWCNT = 1 : 1) and PVDF delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 112.7 mA h g^–1 at a current density of 20 mA g^–1 and 72.1 mA h g^–1 at 100 mA g^–1. And, it has a capacity retention of 44% at 100 mA g^–1 after 50 cycles. The results show that the unique three-dimensional network structure not only improves the conductivity of K_0.5MnO₂ material, but also effectively alleviates the volume change caused by K⁺ in the charging and discharging process. This study provides a new way to develop layered cathode materials for high energy density potassium ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 7","pages":"584 - 594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Technology for Manufacturing the Electrodes for Self-Charging Supercapacitors from Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"N. V. Keller,&nbsp;V. N. Nikolkin,&nbsp;D. S. Butakov,&nbsp;A. A. Zolotavin,&nbsp;A. A. Askarova,&nbsp;V. Y. Kheynstein","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700150","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The technology for manufacturing electrodes for supercapacitors based on commercial carbon nanotubes with the specific surface area of 109.6 m²/g is optimized aimed at their further application as the carbon electrodes in self-charging supercapacitors. The electrochemical characteristics of electrodes of carbon nanotubes are studied in a symmetrical two-electrode cell using the methods of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and impedance spectroscopy. The specific capacitance of the electrode in the organic electrolyte consisting of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate/propylene carbonate (volume ratio 3 : 1) is shown to be 9.1 F/g.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 7","pages":"526 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Supported Metal Dual-Atom Site Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction: A First-Principles Study","authors":"Xianjun Chen,&nbsp;Chun Xu,&nbsp;Feng He,&nbsp;Minggang Huang,&nbsp;Hua Ji","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700022","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dual-atom site catalysts with the adjacent metal atomic sites can cooperatively catalyze oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), showing great potential in ORR field. Herein, the ORR activity and mechanism of a supported metal dual-atom site catalyst M₂-DAC (M is 3<i>d</i> transition metal) is explored thoroughly by density functional theory methods. By calculating <i>E</i>_d of M₂-DAC, all structures are thermodynamically stable and are used for subsequent studies. Considering the adsorption of O₂, total 6 kinds of M₂-DAC are identified as potential candidate materials for catalyzing ORR due to their moderate adsorption of O_2. The binding energy of ORR species and the change of Gibbs free energy in each step of ORR are calculated, and Co₂-DAC exhibits notable catalytic activity (η^ORR = 0.39 V). Moreover, the charge analysis of Co₂-DAC shows that the ORR activity of the catalyst mainly comes from the metal atom and the O atoms coordinated with the metal atoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"486 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Polyprotein onto Lipid Membranes: A Study Using the Inner Field Compensation Method","authors":"Z. G. Denieva,&nbsp;K. I. Makrinsky,&nbsp;Yu. A. Ermakov,&nbsp;O. V. Batishchev","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700101","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Gag polyprotein is the major structural protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is responsible for the assembly of new viral particles in the infected cell. This process takes place at the plasma membrane of the cell, and is largely regulated by the interactions of Gag with the lipid matrix of the cell membrane. In this work, we used the inner field compensation method and electrokinetic measurements of the zeta potential in a liposome suspension to study the binding of the non-myristoylated HIV Gag polyprotein to model lipid membranes. To quantify the affinity of the protein for charged and uncharged lipid bilayers, Gag adsorption isotherms were constructed and binding constants were calculated. It was shown that the protein is able to interact with both types of membranes with approximately the same intrinsic binding constants (<i>K</i>_PC = 8 × 10⁶ M^–1 and <i>K</i>_PS = 3 × 10⁶ M^–1). However, the presence of the anionic lipid phosphatidylserine in the lipid bilayer significantly enhances protein adsorption onto the membrane (<span>(K_{{{text{PS}}}}^{{{text{eff}}}})</span> = 37.2 × 10⁶ M^–1), because phosphatidylserine creates a surface potential jump near the membrane. Thus, the interaction of Gag with membranes is determined more by hydrophobic interactions and the area per lipid molecule, while the presence of a negative surface charge only increases the concentration of the positively charged protein near the membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"411 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocatalytic Properties of Water-Soluble Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Phthalocyaninates in the Oxidation of Hydroxide Ions","authors":"M. A. Kovanova,&nbsp;P. D. Derbeneva,&nbsp;A. S. Postnov,&nbsp;T. V. Tikhomirova,&nbsp;A. S. Vashurin,&nbsp;O. I. Koifman","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700083","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrochemical and electrocatalytic behavior of gold electrodes modified with tetra-4-sulfophthalocyaninates of nickel(II) (NiPc) and copper(II) (CuPc) is studied in aqueous alkaline solutions using cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic activity of phthalocyaninates of these metals in the oxidation of hydroxide ions to form molecular oxygen is assessed and compared with the literature data.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"429 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}