Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Repercussions of the Combined Use of Potassium Iodate and Chitosan Iodate on the Controlled Fractionation of Iodine","authors":"V.R. Mageshen, P. Santhy, M.R. Latha, S. Meena, V.S. Reddy Kiran Kalyan, K. Aswitha, G. Maimaran","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5833","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iodine is found in soils in both inorganic and organic forms [Iodate-(IO3-) and Iodide-(I-)]. Iodine is highly prone to leaching and volatilization which results in iodine depletion in soils. Crops cultivated in these soils will be lacking in iodine and humans and animals eating food grown in these soils will be deficient in iodine. Numerous studies have focused on the process by which iodine is absorbed from the soil, but there is still paucity of knowledge on different fractions of iodine in soils. Methods: In our work, we assessed different fractions of iodine (Water Extractable, Exchangeable, Organic bound, Oxide bound and Residual iodine) in soil from different sources of chitosan and potassium iodate alone and combinations. The incubation experiment was carried out in the department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore in 2022. Potassium iodate and chitosan were applied in the form of soil alone, soil drenching and chitosan iodate complex at different stages of incubation. Result: The results suggested that combination and potassium iodate and chitosan complex has increased the iodine stability throughout the incubation experiment. As electrostatic interaction between chitosan and iodate prevents volatilization and gradually stabilizes the availability of iodine. Our findings offer more details on iodine mobility and behaviour in soil when it is used alone and combination with chitosan at different rates.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Urinary Exosome Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Levels during Estrus and Diestrus Stages of Buffaloes","authors":"Manasa Varra, V. Girish Kumar, B.M. Chandranaik, M.T. Sanjeeva Kumar, N.R. Sundaresan, Veerasamy Sejian, G. Sudha","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5852","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The efficiency of reproduction in buffaloes can be increased by being able to spot buffaloes in estrus, as silent heat is a severe problem in this species. Proteins of urinary exosomes are identified to be better physiological biomarkers when compared to cell free proteins as these extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny in size, have additional protection from degradation by endogenous protease activity and are involved in intercellular communication. Hence, the present study was aimed to quantify the urinary exosome sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels during estrus and diestrus stages of buffaloes to determine its suitability as a marker for identifying buffaloes in estrus. Methods: The grouping of animals as mid-diestrus (Group-I/G-I/Control group), regular estrus (Group-II/G-II) and silent estrus (Group-III/G-III) buffaloes was done using a combinatorial approach. The levels of SHBG in urinary exosomes of three groups of animals was quantified using the bovine SHBG ELISA kit. Result: The present study’s findings showed significantly higher urinary exosome SHBG concentration (p less than 0.05) in G-I in comparison to G-II and G-III. The present study revealing for decreased concentration of urinary exosome SHBG in G-II and G-III animals when compared to G-I animals probably construes the physiological role of SHBG in the female reproductive tract at the estrus stage by mediating the action of estradiol 17 â (Eα) at the target site. However, for urinary exosome SHBG to be considered as a biomarker, there is need for additional research on a bigger population.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding Practices and Trait Preferences of Indigenous Chicken Farmers at Madiga Village, Polokwane Local Municipality, South Africa","authors":"A.S.W. Mahaole, L.T. Rashijane, T.L. Tyasi","doi":"10.18805/ag.df-522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.df-522","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Understanding of breeding practices and traits preferences of the communal farmers is the bottom-up approach where livestock specialists assist farmers to identify and understand their production challenges before designing an improvement program. This study was conducted to identify the socio-economic status, breeding practices, production systems and trait preferences of chicken keepers at Madiga village, Limpopo province. Methods: A total of 38 chicken farmers out of 62 were administered a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyse and test the significance among the gender respectively. Result: The results showed that the breeding practices were not significantly affected by gender (p greater than 0.05). Almost all the farmers in Madiga village were keeping indigenous breeds. The results indicated that the majority of the farmers were improving their indigenous chickens mainly by pure breeding. The most common trait preferences of farmers in breeding cocks were body size, mating ability and growth rate while in breeding hens they were mothering ability, hatchability and growth rate. This study indicated that pure breeding, culling and both controlled and uncontrolled mating system were the most common breeding practices in Madiga village. This study might help to attract animal scientists to develop a multipurpose chicken breed that will express the traits preferred by farmers under village production environment and promote chicken production and food security as a result.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Low Light Stress on Physiological Characters, Yield and Yield Attributes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"N. Veronica, P. Venkata Ramana Rao","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5788","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Keeping in view of low light effect on rice yield and quality, identification of low light tolerant genotypes as donor for plant breeding program is needed. Methods: Field experiments were conducted for low light tolerance during kharif 2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru with an aim to screen and identify low light tolerant cultivars. The impact of low light was investigated on physiological, yield and yield attributes of eighteen rice genotypes. Result: Low light treatment resulted and increase in mean days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. An increment of both plant height and leaf area was noted under low light stress in all the tested genotypes. Yield and yield attributes such as panicle number, grain number per panicle and test weight were also affected. The reduction in total dry matter and harvest index was recorded on exposure to low light condition. Under low light grain yield was maximum in IET 29032 followed by IET 30408 and Gayatri and these were identified as low light tolerant genotypes. These genotypes had a higher panicle number. Genotype Gayatri showed maximum 1000 grain weight and minimum reduction in harvest index was evident in IET 29032 and IET 30408. The chlorophyll a pigment content reduced under low light while majority of the genotypes showed an increase in chlorophyll b pigment. Gayatri followed by IET 29032 and IET 30408 retained higher chlorophyll content under low light stress. Lesser reduction in chlorophyll content (less than 13%) was evident in IET 30408, Gayatri, Swarnaprabha, IET 29031 and IET 29032.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Irrigation Methods and Nano-fertilizers Application on the Yield of Transplanted Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Periyar Vaigai Command Area of Madurai","authors":"A. Vasuki, V.K. Paulpandi, R. Durai Singh, A. Gurusamy, P.P. Mahendran, T. Sivakumar, K. Prabakaran","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5840","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice production and productivity must be increased despite water scarcity and deterioration of soil fertility by imbalanced fertilizer application. To meet the demand of the ever growing population, the production level must be increased to cope with minimum inputs and enhanced input-use efficiency. Efficient and effective method of irrigation and fertilizer application could address the emerging issue. Methods: The field study was conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute in Madurai to identify suitable irrigation methods and nutrient management practices with the aim of increasing the yield of rice under transplanted condition during Kharif 2022. The experiment was carried out in a split plot design with irrigation methods in the main plot and foliar spray of nano-fertilizers in combination with conventional fertilizers in the sub-plot. Result: Yield characters such as number of productive tillers m-2, panicle length (cm), panicle weight (g), number of grains and filled grains panicle-1 were recorded in addition to grain and straw yield (kg/ha). From this study it could be concluded that, irrigation through alternate wetting and drying along with combined application of 50% N and K through straight fertilizers + Nano N and K applied as foliar spray recorded higher yield attributes and yield of rice.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L1 Gene based Molecular Characterization of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 (BPV1) Isolated from Cutaneous Warts of Cattle, Maharashtra","authors":"Uma M. Tumlam,, Dhruv. N. Desai,, Dushyant. M. Muglikar,, Mrunalini. M. Pawade, Prashant. P. Mhase","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5754","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is distributed worldwide among cattle but is relatively less common in buffaloes. Prevalence of this disease is established in buffaloes from India and Italy caused by bovine papilloma virus (BPV). The current study aimed to study the detection of bovine papilloma virus from cutaneous warts by polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Methods: In this study a total of 10 wart samples from affected cattle were aseptically collected. Grossly, most of cutaneous warts were of variable sizes, rough or coarse in texture, grayish/blackish/flesh colored, irregular in shape (dome or button) or resembling cauliflower-like masses and elevated from skin surface by broad base. Molecular characterization of viral DNA from wart samples and partial gene sequencing, its analysis were carried out by using bioinformatics tools to establish the phylogenetic relationship. Result: In our investigation it revealed that out of total 10 cutaneous wart tissue samples, only six cattle were positive for BPV-1 while all the samples were found negative for BPV-2. The phylogenetic analysis of BPV-1gene of papilloma virus of cattle showed 100% homology with already reported sequence from china. The BPV-1 partial sequences generated in present study revealed close homology as well as with the earlier published BPV-1 sequences on NCBI.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"54 30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134976938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviating Impact of PEG Induced Drought Stress on Maize Seed Germination and Vigour with Effective Seed Priming Agents","authors":"Nivethitha Manavalagan, Manonmani Velusamy, R. Jerlin, M.K. Kalarani, Kokiladevi Easwaran","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5808","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drought stress poses a significant challenge to agricultural productivity, particularly in regions with limited water availability. Maize, a staple crop worldwide, is highly susceptible to drought stress, leading to reduced seed germination, stunted growth and ultimately diminished yields. Addressing this issue, in this study various phytohormones and polyamines were used as priming agents for seeds to evaluate its performance to mitigate drought stress in maize seed germination and vigour. It plays crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as responses to various environmental stresses, including drought. These hormones modulate physiological and biochemical processes, leading to adaptive changes that helps maize plants to cope with water scarcity. Methods: The experiment was conducted by exposing maize seeds primed with different phytohormones and polyamines in optimum along with non primed seeds (control) to various levels of PEG concentration ranging from -0.2 MPa to -1.0 MPa for creating drought stress. Primed seeds subjected to a germination test. The seedling growth parameters and seed vigour were evaluated to analyse better performing seed priming treatment to mitigate drought stress. Result: From the experiment it is concluded that increase in concentration of PEG (from -0.2 Mpa to -1.0 MPa) decreased the seed germination and seed vigour traits in maize. Among seed priming treatments, seeds primed with melatonin 150 µM showed greater performance seedling vigour and its related traits even under water deficit stress condition. In conclusion, seed priming with melatonin exhibited superior efficacy in mitigating drought stress in maize. This finding highlights the potential of melatonin as a promising seed priming agent for enhancing drought tolerance in maize seeds. As seed priming is simple, easy and cost effective method, farmers can use this technology as one of their practice to eliminate the effect of drought stress in maize crop.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV-based Herbicide Application for Efficient Weed Management in Direct-seeded Rice","authors":"R. Arockia Infant Paul, P. Murali Arthanari, S. Pazhanivelan, R. Kavitha, M. Djanaguiraman","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5826","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Weeds are the key pest, which reduce crop productivity. Direct-seeded rice is very prone to early-stage weed infestation during initial crop development. Cultural and mechanical methods are difficult due to unavailability of labour and poor work efficiency. Hence, use of herbicides is an effective method for timely weed control. However, the efficacy of agrochemicals depends on the efficiency of spraying equipment. Conventional knapsack sprayers are used most often to spray herbicides but they are highly time-consuming, labour intensive and labour drudgery practices. Hence, the current experiment was aimed to study the efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on weed management. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during summer, 2022 to evaluate the efficacy of UAV-based herbicide application in direct-seeded rice. The study comprised of five weed management treatments such as pre emergence application of pretilachlor with safener and pyrazosulfuron through both UAV and knapsack sprayer and unweeded check as control. The experimental plot was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Result: The experimental findings showed that the application of pre-emergence pretilachlor significantly reduced the density and dry weight of grasses, sedges and broad leaved weeds in knapsack application. Moreover, it was found on par with UAV application of same herbicide without any phytotoxicity to rice seedlings. From the experiment, the application of pre-emergence pretilachlor through UAV is found to be more effective for timely weed control during early stages in direct-seeded rice, which reduce the labour intensity and drudgery than knapsack application.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Traits in Relation to Sodicity Tolerance in Selected Rice Genotypes under Different Sodicity Levels","authors":"M. Surya, M. Baskar, S. Meena, D. Janaki, S. Geethanjali, M. Sundar","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5857","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil sodicity is becoming a serious problem which is increasing every year has a negative impact the physical and nutritional qualities of the soil and plant which has an immense adverse effect on crop growth. Sodicity tolerance includes the manifestation of biochemical and physiological variations. Understanding these physiological and biochemical mechanism in rice is one of the biological solution for increasing the yield of crops through increased tolerance mechanism. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the performance of different rice varieties i.e., TRY 1, CO 43, TRY 2, CSR 27, TRY 3, white ponni (WP) with particular reference to Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) at various levels viz., ESP 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 and its impact on physiological and biochemical components. Plant samples were collected at flowering stage was analyzed for chlorophyll, sugars and proline content. Grain and straw yield of the crop was recorded. Result: The Chlorophyll and non-reducing sugars showed decreasing trend with increasing ESP levels but proline, reducing sugar and total sugar showed an increasing trend with increasing sodicity levels. The variation in biochemical and physiological components had significantly affected the growth and yield of rice crop. Among different rice varieties TRY 3 was found to be superior at increasing sodicity levels..","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmer’s Perception of River Water contamination in India: A Case study of Rohini River in Maharajganj, India","authors":"Surendra Singh Jatav, Nathoo Bharati, Sanatan Nayak","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5738","url":null,"abstract":"Background: River water is an indispensable natural resource supporting economic and social development. River has largely been exploited for supplying water for human consumption, livestock drinking, irrigation and other purposes. Despite these benefits, in developing countries, rivers are subjected to various anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution. Hence, the present study aimed to capture farmers’ perception of river water contamination and its impact on farm productivity and human health. Methods: A comprehensive field survey was carried out in the villages of Maharajganj district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India from 1 September to 30 September 2021. One control village (polluted) and one uncontrolled (non-polluted) village were selected using a multistage sampling technique. In totality, 1 state, 1 district, 1 Tehsil, 1 Development Block, 2 villages and 100 samples were selected. Result: The results from the study show that farmers are well aware of river water contamination. Hence, the present study recommends the following policy measures. First, a necessity for proper policy, training, and more information on health precautions as well as on food safety in using contaminated river water. Second, when formulating relevant measures, differentiated should be taken for different groups of farmers. Lastly farmers with high dependence on cultivated land may need the most attention.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}