{"title":"Rehabilitation engineering and the growth of prosthetics/orthotics practice.","authors":"A Staros","doi":"10.3109/03790798409166765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03790798409166765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of the professions of orthotics and prosthetics since the Second World War has been marked by a number of steps. These include the involvement of the universities and government in education, research, and provision of devices. The establishment of professional bodies has increased their status, and orthotists and prosthetists are recognized as important members of the rehabilitation team. Rehabilitation engineering is a newly defined discipline which is greatly extending the range of interest of orthotics and prosthetics and the future is one of expanding challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 2","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03790798409166765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17799515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speech--language rehabilitation for children in Switzerland.","authors":"F Schalch","doi":"10.3109/03790798409165932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03790798409165932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Speech therapy for children is well known in Switzerland, but not all regions get the same supply. The average age of children who receive speech therapy is 7.9 years. This late beginning of treatment leads to longer duration of therapy. Therapy costs are shared by various institutions, to a wide extent by the Schweizerische Invaliden-Versicherung. The public has to be further informed about the meaning of speech and language rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"117-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03790798409165932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17557226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drugs in the rehabilitation of the elderly.","authors":"K Andrews","doi":"10.3109/03790798409165945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03790798409165945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"ix-x"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03790798409165945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17557223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapy after stroke: amounts, determinants and effects.","authors":"D T Wade, C E Skilbeck, R L Hewer, V A Wood","doi":"10.3109/03790798409165926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03790798409165926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report investigates the amounts of physiotherapy and occupational therapy given to acute stroke patients over the first 6 months, the factors that determine how much therapy a patient receives, and the effects of therapy upon outcome. The study is based on 162 acute stroke patients referred to a stroke rehabilitation unit. In this group the average daily rate of treatment during active rehabilitation, for both therapies combined, was 46 minutes, with a maximum of 42 minutes a day for physiotherapy and 48 minutes a day for occupational therapy. The major factors associated with the amount of therapy given related to the severity of the stroke: more therapy was given to those with lower initial functional ability, worse sitting balance, or greater loss of use of arm or leg. This association with severity probably accounts for the association between therapy and shoulder disease. A minor factor governing the amount of therapy given was the patient's degree of recovery: those who recovered less well received more therapy. It was not possible to demonstrate a specific beneficial effect of therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"105-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03790798409165926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17557224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The enigma of \"carry-over\".","authors":"R L Waters","doi":"10.3109/09638288409166960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288409166960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that after the cessation of treatment by functional electrical stimulation (FES) there is a continuation of the improvement of the muscle function \"carry-over\". If this could be harnessed and understood then this might lead to permanent improvement. An examination of evidence from FES, spasticity research and biofeedback might well produce the answers.</p>","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09638288409166960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17435473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paraplegic ambulation: a systems point of view.","authors":"B Coburn","doi":"10.3109/09638288409166964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288409166964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurophysiological systems preserved distal to a complete spinal lesion, and relevant to walking, are reviewed in the manner of an engineering control systems analysis. On that basis, an outline is given of theoretical concepts, current developments and future possibilities for neuromuscular electrical stimulation to provide paraplegic ambulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09638288409166964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17666318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K Andrews, J C Brocklehurst, B Richards, P J Laycock
{"title":"The influence of age on the clinical presentation and outcome of stroke.","authors":"K Andrews, J C Brocklehurst, B Richards, P J Laycock","doi":"10.3109/03790798409166756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03790798409166756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Of 135 patients who survived the first 2 weeks following a stroke 25% were under the age of 65 years, 40% between 65 and 74 years and 35% were 75 years of age or older. Those under 65 years had a lower incidence of a previous history of lower limb arthritis, balance problems, and limited mobility but a greater incidence of ischaemic heart disease than those 65 years and over. This younger age group had a lower mortality and were more likely to progress beyond severe degrees of disability. However, if only those who survived the first year are included, then there was no difference in outcome between the age groups. In none of the parameters studied was there any difference between those 65 to 74 years of age and those 75 years and over. It was, however, those over the age of 74 years who were more likely to require long-term institutional care. These findings suggest that, although elderly 1-year survivors had a similar level of functional recovery to younger patients, other factors, probably social, affected the eventual placement of stroke patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 2","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03790798409166756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17799591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of electrical stimulation on spasticity in hemiparetic patients.","authors":"L Vodovnik, B R Bowman, P Winchester","doi":"10.3109/03790798409165947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03790798409165947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclical electrical stimulation has been applied to 10 hemiparetic patients with clinical signs of knee joint spasticity. The programme included 30 minutes of stimulation to the hamstrings followed by another 30 minutes of stimulation to the hamstrings and quadriceps. None of the patients experienced increased spasticity. The reduction in spasticity ranged from none to substantial with some other beneficial side-effects. No conclusions could be drawn as to whether hamstring stimulation is preferred to combined stimulation or to quadriceps stimulation alone. It is suggested that small portable stimulators be introduced for chronic use in spastic patients after an optimum stimulation regimen is individually established for each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"153-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03790798409165947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17396694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A rationale for training respiratory muscles.","authors":"A Grassino","doi":"10.3109/03790798409165957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03790798409165957","url":null,"abstract":"In planning a training programme for respiratory muscles several factors should be considered: establish the objective according to the patient's pathology, provide an adequate stimulus (both in intensity and quality), define if the goal is to increase coordination, strength, endurance, or all three. Several respiratory muscle conditioning plans have been used, mostly derived from three major protocols: sustained hyperventilation, resistive breathing, and manipulations of the breathing pattern. They have proved to be effective in quadriplegia, cystic fibrosis and to some extent in COPD patients. Respiratory muscle recovery and training in patients with respiratory failure is discussed.","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"175-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03790798409165957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17457418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insurance and the disabled.","authors":"J A Tomenson, I K Crombie, P H Wood","doi":"10.3109/09638288409166958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288409166958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The provision of life insurance for the disabled has been investigated to determine the extent to which the perceived disadvantage expressed by some disabled groups was real and, if real, justified. Life cover for a particular disability is likely to be offered only by the few companies with experience of it; however, the ratings charged appear usually to be a fair reflection of the limited and often poor information available. The response of organizations for the disabled to this problem has been reviewed, and possible strategies to enable the disabled to obtain insurance are suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":75944,"journal":{"name":"International rehabilitation medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/09638288409166958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17297782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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