Inhaled particles最新文献_第8页

Recovering the Conformal Limit of Color Superconducting Quark Matter within a Confining Density Functional Approach 用限制密度泛函方法恢复彩色超导夸克物质的共形极限

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/particles5040038

O. Ivanytskyi, D. Blaschke

引用次数: 9

Interference with Non-Interacting Free Particles and a Special Type of Detector 非相互作用自由粒子的干涉和一种特殊类型的探测器

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/particles6010005

I. Contopoulos, A. Tzemos, F. Zanias, G. Contopoulos

{"title":"Interference with Non-Interacting Free Particles and a Special Type of Detector","authors":"I. Contopoulos, A. Tzemos, F. Zanias, G. Contopoulos","doi":"10.3390/particles6010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6010005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates how a classical detector that collects non-interacting individual classical massive free particles can generate a quantum interference pattern. The proposed classical picture requires that particles carry the information of a phase equal to an action integral along their trajectory. At the point of their detection, a special type of detector collects the phases from all individual particles reaching it, adds them up over time as complex numbers, and divides them by the square root of their number. The detector announces a number of detections equal to the square of the amplitude of the resulting complex number. An interference pattern is gradually built from the collection of particle phases in the detection bins of the detector after several repetitions of the experiment. We obtain perfect agreement with three solutions of the Schrödinger equation for free particles: a Gaussian wavepacket, two Gaussian wavepackets approaching each other, and a Gaussian wavepacket reflecting off a wall. The main conclusion of the present work is that the interference of quantum mechanics is basically due to the detectors that collect the particles when there are macroscopic detectors operating as proposed. Finally, a simple physical experiment with a single-photon detector is proposed that will be able to test our theory.","PeriodicalId":75932,"journal":{"name":"Inhaled particles","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76853847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Giant Dipole Multi-Resonances Excited by High-Frequency Laser Pulses 高频激光脉冲激发的巨偶极多共振

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.3390/particles5030025

Ş. Mişicu

引用次数: 2

Energy-Momentum Complex in Higher Order Curvature-Based Local Gravity 基于高阶曲率的局部重力中的能量-动量复合体

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.3390/particles5030026

S. Capozziello, M. Capriolo, G. Lambiase

{"title":"Energy-Momentum Complex in Higher Order Curvature-Based Local Gravity","authors":"S. Capozziello, M. Capriolo, G. Lambiase","doi":"10.3390/particles5030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles5030026","url":null,"abstract":"An unambiguous definition of gravitational energy remains one of the unresolved issues of physics today. This problem is related to the non-localization of gravitational energy density. In General Relativity, there have been many proposals for defining the gravitational energy density, notably those proposed by Einstein, Tolman, Landau and Lifshitz, Papapetrou, Møller, and Weinberg. In this review, we firstly explored the energy–momentum complex in an nth order gravitational Lagrangian L=Lgμν,gμν,i1,gμν,i1i2,gμν,i1i2i3,⋯,gμν,i1i2i3⋯in and then in a gravitational Lagrangian as Lg=(R¯+a0R2+∑k=1pakR□kR)−g. Its gravitational part was obtained by invariance of gravitational action under infinitesimal rigid translations using Noether’s theorem. We also showed that this tensor, in general, is not a covariant object but only an affine object, that is, a pseudo-tensor. Therefore, the pseudo-tensor ταη becomes the one introduced by Einstein if we limit ourselves to General Relativity and its extended corrections have been explicitly indicated. The same method was used to derive the energy–momentum complex in fR gravity both in Palatini and metric approaches. Moreover, in the weak field approximation the pseudo-tensor ταη to lowest order in the metric perturbation h was calculated. As a practical application, the power per unit solid angle Ω emitted by a localized source carried by a gravitational wave in a direction x^ for a fixed wave number k under a suitable gauge was obtained, through the average value of the pseudo-tensor over a suitable spacetime domain and the local conservation of the pseudo-tensor. As a cosmological application, in a flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetime, the gravitational and matter energy density in f(R) gravity both in Palatini and metric formalism was proposed. The gravitational energy–momentum pseudo-tensor could be a useful tool to investigate further modes of gravitational radiation beyond two standard modes required by General Relativity and to deal with non-local theories of gravity involving □−k terms.","PeriodicalId":75932,"journal":{"name":"Inhaled particles","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83905420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Colliding and Fixed Target Mode in a Single Experiment—A Novel Approach to Study the Matter under New Extreme Conditions 单次实验中的碰撞和固定目标模式——研究新极端条件下物质的新方法

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/particles5030022

O. Vitiuk, V. Pugatch, K. Bugaev, N. S. Yakovenko, P. P. Panasiuk, E. S. Zherebtsova, V. Dobishuk, S. Chernyshenko, B. E. Grinyuk, V. Sagun, O. Ivanytskyi

{"title":"Colliding and Fixed Target Mode in a Single Experiment—A Novel Approach to Study the Matter under New Extreme Conditions","authors":"O. Vitiuk, V. Pugatch, K. Bugaev, N. S. Yakovenko, P. P. Panasiuk, E. S. Zherebtsova, V. Dobishuk, S. Chernyshenko, B. E. Grinyuk, V. Sagun, O. Ivanytskyi","doi":"10.3390/particles5030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles5030022","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we propose a novel approach to experimentally and theoretically study the properties of QCD matter under new extreme conditions, namely having an initial temperature over 300 MeV and baryonic charge density over three times the values of the normal nuclear density. According to contemporary theoretical knowledge, such conditions were not accessible during the early Universe evolution and are not accessible now in the known astrophysical phenomena. To achieve these new extreme conditions, we proposed performing high-luminosity experiments at LHC or other colliders by means of scattering the two colliding beams at the nuclei of a solid target that is fixed at their interaction region. Under plausible assumptions, we estimate the reaction rate for the p+C+p and Pb+Pb+Pb reactions and discuss the energy deposition into the target and possible types of fixed targets for such reactions. To simulate the triple nuclear collisions, we employed the well-known UrQMD 3.4 model for the beam center-of-mass collision energies sNN = 2.76 TeV. As a result of our modeling, we found that, in the most central and simultaneous triple nuclear collisions, the initial baryonic charge density is approximately three times higher than the one achieved in the ordinary binary nuclear collisions at this energy.","PeriodicalId":75932,"journal":{"name":"Inhaled particles","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81926942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamical Pair Production at Sub-Barrier Energies for Light Nuclei 轻核亚势垒能下的动力学对产生

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.3390/particles5040041

T. Settlemyre, Hua Zheng, A. Bonasera

引用次数: 1

Theoretical Search for Gravitational Bound States of Tachyons 超光速子引力束缚态的理论研究

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/particles5030027

C. Schwartz

引用次数: 3

Stability of Spherical Nuclei in the Inner Crust of Neutron Stars 中子星内壳球形核的稳定性

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.3390/particles5030020

N. A. Zemlyakov, A. Chugunov

{"title":"Stability of Spherical Nuclei in the Inner Crust of Neutron Stars","authors":"N. A. Zemlyakov, A. Chugunov","doi":"10.3390/particles5030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/particles5030020","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron stars are the densest objects in the Universe. In this paper, we consider the so-called inner crust—the layer where neutron-excess nuclei are immersed in the degenerate gas of electrons and a sea of quasi-free neutrons. It was generally believed that spherical nuclei become unstable with respect to quadrupole deformations at high densities, and here, we consider this instability. Within the perturbative approach, we show that spherical nuclei with equilibrium number density are, in fact, stable with respect to infinitesimal quadrupole deformation. This is due to the background of degenerate electrons and associated electrostatic potential, which maintain stability of spherical nuclei. However, if the number of atomic nuclei per unit volume is much less than the equilibrium value, instability can arise. To avoid confusion, we stress that our results are limited to infinitesimal deformations and do not guarantee strict thermodynamic stability of spherical nuclei. In particular, they do not exclude that substantially non-spherical nuclei (so-called pasta phase) represent a thermodynamic equilibrium state of the densest layers of the neutron star crust. Rather, our results point out that spherical nuclei can be metastable even if they are not energetically favourable, and the timescale of transformation of spherical nuclei to the pasta phases should be estimated subsequently.","PeriodicalId":75932,"journal":{"name":"Inhaled particles","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73310241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Numerical Simulations of Dark Matter Admixed Neutron Star Binaries 暗物质混合中子星双星的数值模拟

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.3390/particles5030024

Mattia Emma, Federico Schianchi, F. Pannarale, V. Sagun, T. Dietrich

引用次数: 9

Stripping Model for Short Gamma-Ray Bursts in Neutron Star Mergers 中子星合并中短伽马射线暴的剥离模型

Inhaled particles Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.3390/particles5020018

S. Blinnikov, A. Yudin, N. Kramarev, M. Potashov

引用次数: 5