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Genetic psychology monographs最新文献

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Multidimensional sources of infant temperament. 婴儿气质的多维来源。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1978-11-01
K Standley, A B Soule, S A Copans, R P Klein
{"title":"Multidimensional sources of infant temperament.","authors":"K Standley,&nbsp;A B Soule,&nbsp;S A Copans,&nbsp;R P Klein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research on infant temperament has implicated a variety of prenatal and perinatal conditions, but most studies have investigated a single source of infant variability. This study examined the impact of several prenatal and perinatal factors on infant outcome according to a conceptual system of hypothetical models of influence. Seventy-five couples expecting their first child were recruited and interveiwed in the last trimester of pregnancy, providing demographic data and measures of the pregnancy experience and expectations of parenting. Childbirth information was obtained from hospital records, and infant behaviors were measured at three days of age by the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Results indicate that the antecedent variables are themselves intercorrelated in that older, more highly educated, and financially secure couples are more likely to have a satisfying pregnancy and to be confident about childbirth and parenting than their young, more anxious counterparts. Two statistical methods--partial correlation and path analysis--were used to analyze relative relationships with infant behaviors. Results from both methods indicate that most of the antecedent variables (parental characteristics of age and socioeconomics, parental pregnancy orientation, and use of obstetric anesthesia) must be considered sources of infant behaviors. These findings thus demonstrate the imprecision of inferring a single causal pathway of parental or perinatal influence on infant temperament.</p>","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"98 Second Half","pages":"203-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11922634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maternal affect-allowance and limit-setting appropriateness as predictors of child adjustment. 母亲的影响-津贴和限制设置适当性作为儿童适应的预测因子。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1978-08-01
S Greenspan
{"title":"Maternal affect-allowance and limit-setting appropriateness as predictors of child adjustment.","authors":"S Greenspan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study sought to determine whether social competence in children is related to maternal ability to (a) respond differentially to child compliance and noncompliance; and (b) be tolerant of child affect. The study sought to validate aspects of the \"reflective\" view of personality socialization. One hundred and ninety-five 4-year-olds were rated on the Kohn social competence scale. Mothers were asked to role-play typical responses to childrearing vignettes. The vignettes portrayed child compliance or noncompliance and child affect or no affect. Maternal responses were scored on control level and affect acceptance. The results generally supported the hypotheses. Mothers of high socially competent children were more likely to gear their limit-setting efforts to the fact of noncompliance, regardless of whether affect was expressed. Furthermore, they were more likely to make comments supporting the expression of affect. The results, in addition to supporting a reflective approach to discipline, suggest the need for socialization researchers to adopt a more differentiated approach to the measurement of parental \"control\" than has been the case in previous investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"98 First Half","pages":"83-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11890734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-actualization as a developmental structure: a profile of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. 自我实现作为一种发展结构:安东尼·德·圣埃克苏普扎伊的简介。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1978-05-01
M M Piechowski
{"title":"Self-actualization as a developmental structure: a profile of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.","authors":"M M Piechowski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The characteristics of self-actualization are fully reflected in excerpts from Saint-Exupéry's autobiographical writings. The correspondence between the characteristics of self-actualization and Saint-Exupéry's developmental profile gains special significance because there exists, independently, a theoretical structure corresponding both to self-actualization and to Saint-Exupéry's material. This structure--level IV in the theory of positive disintegration--has previously been shown to represent Saint-Exupéry's behavioral organization. The characteristics of self-actualization and the properties of level IV structure are isomorphic. Self-actualization is the consequence of level IV structure and of the potential necessary for its development.</p>","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"97 Second Half","pages":"181-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11561288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiological indicators of the origins of behavior disturbance as measured by the Bristol social adjustment guides. 由布里斯托社会适应指南测量的行为障碍起源的流行病学指标。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1978-02-01
D H Stott
{"title":"Epidemiological indicators of the origins of behavior disturbance as measured by the Bristol social adjustment guides.","authors":"D H Stott","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex and social-class differences in juvenile behavior disturbance are quoted from two large surveys in Britain (N = 15,496) and Canada (N = 2527). These were significant in overreacting, but small or nonexistent among underreacting types of maladjustment. Comparable differences for social class and/or sex are quoted for developmental and health handicaps, perinatal mortality, and other congenital variables, notably the mother's smoking during the pregnancy. The greater prevalence among males over a wide range of deficits could not be accounted for by differing child-rearing practices, but seemd to be genetic. Similarly, the greater prevalence of overreacting maladjustment in lower-class children could not be explained in terms of cultural conflict, but rather as the outcome of prenatal stresses associated with child morbidity. A unifying theory accounting for both sets of phenomena could be found in mechanisms for the control of population numbers observed in many animal species.</p>","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"97 First Half","pages":"127-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11842764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Person-environment interaction and college student drug use: a multivariate longitudinal study. 人-环境相互作用与大学生吸毒:一项多变量纵向研究。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1977-11-01
S W Sadava, R Forsyth
{"title":"Person-environment interaction and college student drug use: a multivariate longitudinal study.","authors":"S W Sadava,&nbsp;R Forsyth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"96 Second Half","pages":"211-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11792970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The differential pressures towards schizophrenia and delinquency. 对精神分裂症和犯罪的不同压力。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1977-11-01
S G Shoham, L Weissbrod, R Markowsky, Y Stein
{"title":"The differential pressures towards schizophrenia and delinquency.","authors":"S G Shoham,&nbsp;L Weissbrod,&nbsp;R Markowsky,&nbsp;Y Stein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"96 Second Half","pages":"165-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11792969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New trends in psychosomatic research. 心身研究的新趋势。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1977-08-01
J B Murray
{"title":"New trends in psychosomatic research.","authors":"J B Murray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in physiological psychology and neuroendocrinology, together with epidemiological studies, have added new dimensions to psychosomatic research. Psychological influences still are accepted as exacerbators or trigger mechanisms, if less often as causes. Theories of psychosomatics which connected specific personality profiles with specific psychosomatic illnesses have lost favor, and multifactorial explanations, which include heredity, environment, social class, life stress, endocrines, brain areas, neurohormones, and immunological mechanisms, are new areas of research. Research methods have become more sophisticated scientifically, particularly in the selection and size of samples tested, and the variety of situations investigated. Psychological reactions to illness in general, terminal disease, and death, and psychological experiences of pain, in addition to variable effects of psychotherapeutic methods and psychotherapists' personality, are identifiable but unquantified influences which seem acceptable as contributors to, if not causes of, psychophysiological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"96 First Half","pages":"3-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11765999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of descriptive anger expression, insult, and no feedback on interpersonal aggression, hostility, and empathy motivation. 描述性愤怒表达、侮辱和无反馈对人际攻击、敌意和共情动机的影响。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1977-05-01
T Gaines, P M Kirwin, W D Gentry
{"title":"The effect of descriptive anger expression, insult, and no feedback on interpersonal aggression, hostility, and empathy motivation.","authors":"T Gaines,&nbsp;P M Kirwin,&nbsp;W D Gentry","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a test of the hypothesis that descriptive anger expression elicits less subsequent aggression and greater empathy than does aggressive insult, 60 male undergraduates were instructed to set varying levels of shock for an opponent during a series of competitive trials before and after hearing one of four types of taped comment. Results indicated that descriptive anger expression led to a significant decrease in aggression, while no feedback (opponent said nothing) led to an increase in aggression. Insult and no anger feedback resulted in little change in aggressive behavior. In contrast, descriptive anger expression, insult, and no anger feedback produced more residual hostility than did no feedback. Descriptive anger expression Ss appeared to be more motivated by empathy in setting shocks, as compared to the other three groups. Empathy was found to be generally associated with lower shock settings initially and with reductions in shock settings following the opponent's comments. Empathy, however, was not related to Ss' hostility ratings. The results tend to support the clinical utility of descriptive anger expression in improving interpersonal relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"95 2","pages":"349-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12058371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The diagnosis, epidemiology, and etiology of childhood schizophrenia. 儿童精神分裂症的诊断、流行病学和病因学。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1977-05-01
R W Marsh
{"title":"The diagnosis, epidemiology, and etiology of childhood schizophrenia.","authors":"R W Marsh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>About half the Australian population of children who were functioning at a moderate or greater level of intellectual subnormality and who also presented schizophrenic behaviors were surveyed. From more than 300 such cases only 21 were confirmed as schizophrenic. Their average age was seven years eight months, four were girls, and eight had histories of normal physical health. Individual data were collected on antenatal and perinatal factors, childhood health, developmental progress, family history, physical characteristics, neurological signs, biochemical anomalies, and behavioral and psychiatric characteristics. These data sustained the hypotheses that the (a) incidence of the condition is slight, that (b) childhood schizophrenia is the result of a multicausal transactional process; that (c) there is a continuum from organic to functional conditions and that (d) the intellectual potential of these children is generally overrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"95 2","pages":"267-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11763312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Representational development of the human figure in familial retardates. 家族性智障中人物形象的具象发展。
Genetic psychology monographs Pub Date : 1977-05-01
C Golomb, T Barr-Grossman
{"title":"Representational development of the human figure in familial retardates.","authors":"C Golomb,&nbsp;T Barr-Grossman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Representational development of the human figure of normal and familially retarded children was examined. Five tasks were employed: Drawing a Person, Figure Completion, two Form Puzzles, and Drawing on Dictation. Ss included 34 normal children, ages 3-0 to 5-10, and 34 familially retarded children, ages 4-4 to 13-1. The two groups were matched for mental age, socioeconomic status, public school attendance, and intact family structure. Results indicate that familial retardates performed as well as normals and at times surpassed them. Performance on these representational tasks is, predominantly, a function of mental age which lends support to a \"developmental\" theory of familial retardation and refutes the \"defect\" hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75876,"journal":{"name":"Genetic psychology monographs","volume":"95 2","pages":"247-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11538414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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