American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) in the World of Sports","authors":"O. Oral, G. Nomikos, N. Nomikos","doi":"10.12691/ajmsm-8-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmsm-8-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study aims to investigate the effects of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) among athletes and examine the possible beneficial results and risks of these substances for the athletes' health and performance and human health in general. Nowadays, SARMs have become a focus of interest in the world of sports and medicine. Because of their anabolic action, SARMs are considered quite promising for treating several disorders including breast cancer, osteoporosis, DMD (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy), some type of tumors, etc. As for the athletic community, SARMs are used as doping for muscle mass increasing and strengthening and pose as an alternative to other steroid-based doping with their minimum side effects. SARMs are innovative substances for athletic performance and human health. Further study on SARMs is required in order to understand the long-term effects on human health and athletic performance.","PeriodicalId":7579,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73940794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Antenatal Depression in Makkah Al-Mokarramah, 2019","authors":"Linah Abdullah Mohammadhusain, H. Bashawri","doi":"10.12691/ajmsm-8-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmsm-8-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is one of the major disease affecting women and is considered as one of the most common causes of mental illness during pregnancy. Antenatal depression is a risk factor for postpartum depression, adverse effect on obstetric and neonatal health conditions. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and determine the risk factors of depression among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in Makkah between 1st and 26th of December 2019. Subjects and methods: Analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in Makkah Al-Mokarramah including a representative random sample of pregnant women who attending selected during the time of 1st - 26th of December 2019. Data were collected by using a questionnaire including sociodemographic data and risk factors associated with antenatal depression as well as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to screen for depression. Results: The study included 136 women. Their age ranged between 20 and 52 with a mean±SD of 31.0±6.2 years. More than one third (41.2%) of the women were at high risk for depression whereas 24.3% were at possible risk for depression. Paticipants` house income was the only socio-demographic factor significantly associated with risk of antenatal depression, p=0.012. None of obstetric factors was significantly associated with the risk of antenatal depression. In the current pregnancy, having no family support, particularly from the husband was a significant factor for antenatal depression, p=0.007. Also, having family history of antenatal depression was significantly associated with antenatal depression, p=0.018. Conclusion: Antenatal depression is a relatively common health problems encountered by pregnant women attending antenatal care at primary healthcare centers, Ministry of Health in Makkah city.","PeriodicalId":7579,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86737625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percent Body Fat Prediction from Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference: New Cross-validated Equations for Young Adults","authors":"P. Hart","doi":"10.12691/ajmsm-7-5-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmsm-7-5-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A simple prediction equation that accurately predicts an individual’s percent body fat (PBF) with easy to obtain inputs could benefit health and exercise science professionals. The purpose of this study was to develop and cross-validate a set of regression equations predicting PBF in young adults. Methods: A subset of N=684 participants from a national health survey between the ages of 18 and 24 years was used in this study. Criterion values of PBF (PBF.DXA) were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Predictor variables included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). The sample was split equally and randomly into training and validation samples. Two sets of equations were evaluated in the training sample, one set using BMI and the other using WC. Both sets were tested to determine if age was a useful predictor of PBF.DXA. Cross-validation of selected model coefficients using the validation sample was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland and Altman limits of agreement (LOA) plots and Kappa statistics for obesity classification. Results: The selected models were both two-predictor equations: PBF.BMI2 = 10.47827 + BMI*0.98342 – 12.50670; R2 = .872 and PBF.WC2 = 2.51020 + WC*0.38914 – 13.34843; R2 = .866. Cross-validation correlation coefficients were large for both PBF.BMI2 (r = .91) and PBF.WC2 (r = .92) equations. LOA plots indicated small bias of -0.49 ± 7.5% and -0.25 ± 6.8% in PBF.BMI2 and PBF.WC2 analyses, respectively. Kappa coefficients for agreement between the two obesity classification methods were considered “substantial” for PBF.BMI2 (κ = .64) and PBF.WC2 (κ = .70) models. Conclusion: This study provides validation evidence supporting the use of BMI- and WC-based PBF prediction equations in young adult populations.","PeriodicalId":7579,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86124688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction Therapy in Half-Haplotype Low Risk Kidney Transplant Patients: Impact on Acute Rejection, Graft Survival, Infection and Surgical Complications at 3 Years","authors":"M. Abou-Jaoude, Ali H. Moussawi, E. Younes","doi":"10.12691/AJMSM-7-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMSM-7-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This retrospective study discusses the need for induction therapy in half haplotype low immunological risk kidney transplant patients. Material and Methods: Records of 70 adult kidney transplant patients were reviewed with 3 years follow up. All patients were half haplotype matched with their living related donors and had PRA < 20% and DSA 0% when available. We divided the patients into 2 groups based on the induction therapy used during kidney transplantation. Hence, we compared 25 patients who were treated by induction therapy (anti-IL2 receptor antibodies or anti-Thymocyte globulin) (Group I) with 45 other patients who did not get any induction therapy (Group II). The primary endpoints comprised the rate and the severity of acute rejection episodes as well as the 3-year graft function and survival. Secondary endpoints contain: the frequency and the type of infections and the surgical complications at 1 year as well as the amount of malignancy and the patient survival at 1, 6, 12 and 36 months after kidney transplantation. Baseline demographic characteristics including: donor age, recipient and donor gender, cause of kidney disease, dialysis duration, donor to recipient CMV matching were similar in the two groups. Whereas, significant differences existed between the 2 groups in relation to: recipient age, pre-transplant hemoglobin blood level, anti-CMV prophylaxis regimen and maintenance immunosuppression. Results: We did not find any significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the length of hospital stay, the rate and severity of acute rejection, the rate of CMV infection, the occurrence of delayed graft function and the rate and type of surgical complications at 1 year. Furthermore, the patient and graft survival as well as the serum creatinine levels upon discharge and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 36 months were also comparable. Nevertheless, the rate and type of out of Hospital infections and 1-year infection rate as well as the treatment cost were significantly higher in Group I. Conclusion: Induction therapy might not be desirable in low-immunological risk half-haplotype kidney transplant patients.","PeriodicalId":7579,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78277544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factor of Tuberculosis in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome who Received Immunosuppressant Therapy in Hasan Sadikin Hospital","authors":"Sitoresmi Prabaningrum, Diah Asri, D. Rachmadi","doi":"10.12691/AJMSM-7-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMSM-7-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are in immunocompromised condition due to illness and therapy given. Treatment of NS with long-term steroids, high doses and combination with cyclophosphamide decreases body resistance. Immunocompromised conditions facilitate the occurrence of infection, one of the infections that might occur is tuberculosis (TB) with a high incidence in Indonesia. The aim of the study was to investigate the risk factors of TB in children with NS, specifically related to the duration of steroids administration, and combinations of steroids with cyclophosphamide. This was cross sectional study data retrieval from out-patients and in-patients NS children in RS Hasan Sadikin Bandung (RSHS) during 1st January 2012 until 31st December 2016. Statistical analysis using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. There were 34 children with TB from 199 NS patients, the prevalence of TB in children with NS in RSHS (17%). The results showed that duration of steroids administration, combination of steroids and cyclophosphamide, female gender, and under nutrition were significant to tuberculosis incidence (p <0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed duration of steroid 175,5 days OR 20,7 (CI95% 7,5-68,1); p<0.001, combination of steroids with cyclophosphamide OR 3,2 (CI95% 1,1-11,7); p=0,027, female gender OR 2,5 (CI95% 0,9-7,2); p=0,077, and under nutrition OR 7,2 (CI95% 2,4-3,7); p=0.001. Duration of steroid administration, combination of steroids with cyclophosphamide, female gender, and under nutrition were risk factors for tuberculosis. The duration of steroid administration was the most dominant factor in the incidence of tuberculosis in children with NS.","PeriodicalId":7579,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80181892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnological Approach to the Treatment of Diabetes","authors":"A. Ramírez, G. Corro, A. Zehe, Andreas Thomas","doi":"10.12691/ajmsm-6-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmsm-6-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology in diabetes research has facilitated the evolution of novel glucose measurement and insulin delivery systems. As type 1 diabetes mellitus needs treatment with insulin from the very beginning on, the objective of any kind of diabetes therapy is to reach nearly physiological glucose levels. The current view points toward a continuous insulin infusion by means of an insulin pump. It is desirable then, that a glucose sensor would automatically control the insulin supply, given that an insulin pump works only manually. Worldwide diabetes research activities at its interface with nanotechnology have created devices at the micro- or nanoscale by which the experimental approach toward an artificial pancreas is already put in practice. The article discusses some aspects of conventional glucose sensors, as well as basic concepts and developments in the field of nanotechnology and their application in the field of diabetes research. Some types of nanoscale sensors and functionalized nanostructures as insulin-delivery systems are looked at, that could act as an artificial pancreas.","PeriodicalId":7579,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80997624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}