Current developments in psychopharmacology最新文献_第2页

Sex steroid control of intermale fighting in mice. 性类固醇对小鼠雄性间争斗的控制。

Current developments in psychopharmacology Pub Date : 1979-01-01

P F Brain, N J Bowden

{"title":"Sex steroid control of intermale fighting in mice.","authors":"P F Brain, N J Bowden","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The data presented here are based on over 700 mice and employed over 13,000 injections. The results obtained provide good evidence that the influences of sex steroids on fighting motivation in aggressive mice are discrete from the somatic influences of these hormones. Further, it seems possible that some of the effects of naturally occurring endogenous androgens in the mouse are consequent upon local neural aromatization of these compounds to estrogenic metabolites, before they exert an influence on aggressive motivation. It seems possible that this is a physiological effect as well as a consequence of pharmacological influence, as the doses of steroid employed in this present study are quite low. However, this model of hormone action cannot be the entire story, as 5 alpha DHT is behaviorally effective even though its A ring cannot be aromatized. Aggressive mice seem useful behavioral models for these effects. These studies indicate some of the likely sources of variability in the literature, as well as providing a number of considerations for clinical behavior therapy. They also indicate some of the features of steroid hormones (such as an aromatized A ring; the presence of a hydroxyl group at position 19; the influence of alpha hydroxyl groups, etc.) which may change the behavioral and somatic influences of these compounds.","PeriodicalId":75756,"journal":{"name":"Current developments in psychopharmacology","volume":"5 ","pages":"403-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11582907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pituitary hormones and amnesia. 垂体激素和健忘症。

Current developments in psychopharmacology Pub Date : 1979-01-01

H Rigter, H Van Riezen

{"title":"Pituitary hormones and amnesia.","authors":"H Rigter, H Van Riezen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Pituitary hormones profoundly influence behavior through direct actions on the brain. One of these behavioral effects is the attenuation of experimental amnesia. Traditionally, amnesia is considered as a \"loss of memory.\" Memory comprises at least 2 stages: input (memory consolidation) and output (memory retrieval). Theoretically, disturbance of either aspect of memory may be the cause of amnesia. Also, it is possible that amnesia is based on a factor or factors not related to memory. Data and theories on amnesia in man were reviewed. Some salient features were mentioned: (1) amnesia can be induced by a variety of agents; (2) amnesia covers periods ranging from seconds to years; (3) amnesia gradients can be established; (4) amnesia is to a large extent reversible. From this survey, it seems possible that amnesia is not a homogeneous phenomenon and that even in one person a disturbance of both memory consolidation and memory retrieval may be produced by one and the same event. Animal studies in general have confirmed these conclusions. We have developed an animal model in order to study the effects of pituitary peptides on amnesia. This model is based on CO2-induced amnesia for a one-trial passive avoidance response in rats. This amnesia could be attenuated by treatment with ACTH-analogs 1 hour before the retrieval test. This anti-amnesic effect of ACTH-analogs was not dependent on the nature of the behavioral response or the amnesic treatment. The vasopressin-analog DGLVP similarly exerted an anti-amnesic effect when injected before the retrieval trial. In contrast to ACTH-analogs, however, it also reduced the amnesia when injected before acquisition. These results suggest that amnesia may comprise a \"faulty-consolidation\" and a \"faulty-retrieval\" component, which may be amended by different pituitary hormones. The study of the anti-amnesic activity of peptides therefore not only serves to characterize the nature of the behavioral effect of these peptides but may also prove to be helpful of the unraveling of processes involved in amnesia.","PeriodicalId":75756,"journal":{"name":"Current developments in psychopharmacology","volume":"5 ","pages":"67-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11434048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurochemical issues in animal and human behavior. 动物和人类行为中的神经化学问题。

Current developments in psychopharmacology Pub Date : 1979-01-01

L Valzelli

引用次数: 0

Clinical language and communication as a tool for psychopharmacological research. 临床语言与交际作为精神药理学研究的工具。

Current developments in psychopharmacology Pub Date : 1979-01-01

V M Andreoli, F Maffei

引用次数: 0

The pharmacology of isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice. 隔离诱导小鼠攻击行为的药理学研究。

Current developments in psychopharmacology Pub Date : 1979-01-01

J B Malick

{"title":"The pharmacology of isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice.","authors":"J B Malick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This review attempts to summarize the literature on the effects of drugs on isolation-induced aggression in mice. In spite of the fact that each investigator that was surveyed utilized different methodologies (e.g., induction techniques, testing conditions, scoring systems), the results from the various laboratories are generally in agreement in many respects. Fighting in isolated mice has been shown to be selectively antagnoized (i.e., antifighting activity at doses significantly below doses producing neurological impairment in isolated mice) by antidepressants, neuroleptics, anticholinergics, antiserotonergics, and antihistamines; however, aggression was nonselectively antagonized by anxiolytics, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, sedatives, and hypnotics. Emphasis is placed on the necessity to determine pharmacological selectivity whenever antagonistic effects are observed; this can only be accomplished by measuring neurological impairment (ataxia) in the isolated mice by utilizing a test such as an inclined-screen, preferably immediately following aggression testing. Since isolated mice have been shown to exhibit marked differences in drug sensitivities and in metabolic dispositions of many classes of drugs as compared to group-housed controls, statements concerning drug selectivity or specificity are meaningless without some evidence for a lack of neurological impairment in isolated, aggressive mice.","PeriodicalId":75756,"journal":{"name":"Current developments in psychopharmacology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11258520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serotonin and affective disorders. 血清素和情感障碍。

Current developments in psychopharmacology Pub Date : 1979-01-01

D D Burns, J Mendels

引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythms in manic-melancholic disorders. 躁郁症的昼夜节律。

Current developments in psychopharmacology Pub Date : 1979-01-01

E T Mellerup, O J Rafaelsen

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological and biochemical studies with beta--carboline analogs. -- -碳碱类似物的药理和生化研究。

Current developments in psychopharmacology Pub Date : 1977-01-01

B T Ho