Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for enhancement of tomato growth","authors":"Habtamu Mekonnen,&nbsp;Mulugeta Kibret,&nbsp;Fassil Assefa,&nbsp;Negash Kabtimer","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with roots produce several biomolecules that stimulate plant growth. The study aimed to assess the potential of PGPR for tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) growth enhancement. Three PGPR isolates (<i>Pseudomonas</i> isolates PIA2 and PIA3, and <i>Bacillus</i> isolate BIA1) were evaluated for growth promotion under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in three replications using Maya and Melkesalsa tomato varieties in a completely randomized design. Treatment with BIA1 resulted in the highest fresh weights of shoots (29.05 g) and roots (3.72 g) for the Maya variety (TC1) and 28.69 and 2.76 g for the Melkesalsa variety (TC2), respectively. Treatment with PIA2 showed maximum fresh weights of the shoots (25.05 g) and roots (3.26 g) for the TC2. Tomato plants treated with BIA1 and PIA2 exhibited significant increases in height, by 40.1% and 22.6% in the TC1 and 45.2% and 27.6% in the TC2, respectively. Besides, treatments with BIA1 and PIA2 in the TC1 increased the dry weight of shoots by 46.6% and 30.2% and that of roots by 73.3% and 68.7%, respectively. For the TC2, BIA1 and PIA2 isolates increased the dry weight of roots by 54.9% and 34.4% and that of roots by 68.1% and 48.9%, respectively. The results generally showed that BIA1 and PIA2 could be used to foster plant growth. Further study under field the conditions of BIA1 and PIA2 are highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance, adaptability, and multi-trait stability of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in rainfed conditions","authors":"Md. Kawsar Alam Nadim,&nbsp;Motabber Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Rayhan Sikder,&nbsp;Sourav Adhikary,&nbsp;Nusrat Binta Atiq,&nbsp;Md. Mahbubul Alam,&nbsp;Mariom Mitu,&nbsp;Tasnim Zerin Khan,&nbsp;Md. Rashedul Islam,&nbsp;Zakaria Alam,&nbsp;Sanjida Akter","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rainfed rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) cultivation is crucial for meeting food demand in regions like Bangladesh, where irrigation resources are scarce. A study was conducted in five rainfed districts during the 2022 Aman season. The objective was to assess grain yield performance, adaptation patterns, and identify a stable rice variety using multiple trait evaluations. The results showed that Binadhan-17 produced the highest grain yield, reaching 5.58 t/ha, with its maximum yield recorded in Gopalganj at 6.12 t/ha. Heritability estimates from a linear mixed model were high for plant height (0.93) and grain yield (0.65), with genotypic variance contributing 92.70% and 64.84% to these traits, respectively. A negative correlation (<i>r</i> = −0.43) indicated that shorter varieties tend to perform better for grain yield. Stability analysis using weighted average absolute scores and best linear unbiased prediction identified Binadhan-17 as the most stable for grain yield, while the genotype–genotype environment biplot confirmed its adaptability across all locations. Factor analysis of the multi-trait stability index showed stability across traits, with selection gains from 1.49% to 6.99%. Binadhan-22 was identified as the most stable for average performance and multi-trait stability. Given its high yield and consistent performance across environments, Binadhan-17 is recommended for large-scale cultivation, while Binadhan-22 offers a reliable, stable alternative across various traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a resilient organic hemp industry: Survey and focus groups assess research, extension, and education needs","authors":"Virginia Moore,&nbsp;Emily Fratz,&nbsp;David Baltensperger,&nbsp;Shelby Ellison,&nbsp;Heather Grab,&nbsp;Lynn Sosnoskie,&nbsp;David Suchoff,&nbsp;Daniela Vergara","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) has many potential uses, including in textiles, construction, human food, animal feed, health, and personal care applications, and was once widely grown in the United States. Despite the tremendous initial excitement in hemp production and expansion of hemp acreage following its legalization in 2018, there remains uncertainty and risk surrounding the crop; major gaps in production and processing knowledge and supply and distribution chains exist because of previous legal barriers. In 2023, a national survey of current and prospective organic hemp growers (<i>n</i> = 140) was conducted to identify major challenges associated with organic hemp production and determine what resources and information are needed to support growth and resilience within the industry. A series of focus groups were also conducted with organic hemp growers, hemp educators, and industry stakeholders, including researchers and extensionists, current and prospective hemp business owners, hemp advocates and organizations, and hemp consultants (<i>n</i> = 39). Survey respondents and focus group participants included farmers across a wide range of farm types and sizes, geographic areas, production practices, and end-use products. Most current hemp producers surveyed are growing hemp for cannabinoid products. Across the survey and focus groups, and regardless of farm type or end-use product, the most significant challenges of organic hemp production are related to marketing, sales, and regulations. Despite these barriers, most survey respondents are interested in growing hemp in the future; this includes expanded interest in non-cannabinoid end-use products such as fiber, grain, seed, or transplants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root decomposition and nutrient dynamics in multifunctional forage-biomass buffer-strip systems","authors":"Helen C. S. Amorim,&nbsp;Amanda J. Ashworth,&nbsp;Taylor C. Adams,&nbsp;Mary C. Savin,&nbsp;Philip A. Moore Jr.","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perennial crops are thought as a solution for enhancing food security and providing ecosystem services under a changing climate, including forage-biomass production, reduced erosion and nutrient leaching, and soil C accumulation. However, the drivers of root decomposition and C allocation in perennial multifunctional forage-biomass buffer-strips as affected by fertility management are poorly elucidated. Thus, study objectives were to assess root decomposition and soil CO₂ efflux on switchgrass (<i>Panicum virgatum</i> L.), eastern gamagrass (<i>Tripsacum dactyloides</i> L.), silphium (<i>Silphium integrifolium</i> Michx.), and intermediate wheatgrass Kernza (<i>Thinopyrum intermedium</i> [Host] Barkworth &amp; D.R. Dewey) treated with poultry litter (PL) relative to the unfertilized control. Root mass loss was greatest for silphium, owing to low neutral and acid detergent fibers and lignin contents (6%) relative to the other species (16%–25%). Root-C loss was the greatest for intermediate wheatgrass (IW), mostly driven by hemicellulose degradation. Low root mass, surface area, and volume likely enhanced root decomposition for silphium and IW. Root mass loss and C, N, and P mineralization for novel perennial buffer-strip species were greater in PL plots. Soil organic C stocks were mostly similar across forage-biomass species × amendment combinations. Silphium-PL had 27%–50% greater SOC stocks after 4 years, owing to higher root sloughing and C inputs to soil. Root decomposition rates were primarily affected by root chemical composition and morphology, while soil CO₂ efflux was driven by soil moisture and temperature. Greater root sloughing, C inputs, and nutrient cycling showcase the potential for C storage and multiple purposes of novel perennial buffer-strips.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercropping alfalfa during almond orchard establishment reduces winter soil nitrogen and water losses, provides on-farm revenue","authors":"Touyee Thao,&nbsp;Sultan Begna,&nbsp;Lauren Hale,&nbsp;Khaled M. Bali,&nbsp;Dong Wang,&nbsp;Suduan Gao","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ecosystem benefits linked to intercropping and diversified agroecosystems is an area with increasing research interest, particularly in sustainable food production and farm resilience to extreme climate variability. Interrow cropping of alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) in almond [<i>Prunus dulcis</i> (Mill.) D. A. Webb] orchards during the 3–4 non-bearing, establishment years has potential to advance sustainable intensification in agricultural regions such as the Central Valley of California. In this study we evaluated ecosystem benefits linked to this intercropped agroecosystem in contrast to conventional almond systems with interrow spaces maintained bare. From Winter 2023 to Spring 2024 (157 days), we modeled soil hydrological properties (HYDRUS-1D) and quantified soil nitrogen using various approaches. Simulation from HYDRUS revealed that winter soil evaporative loss was most substantial for a flood-irrigated bare-soil control (208.1 mm) and lowest for the alfalfa intercropped interrow (59.2 mm). Estimated soil water storage was lowest in the alfalfa intercropped interrow and highest for bare-soil controls, indicating continuous plant water uptake throughout the winter period when almond trees are dormant. Winter soil N loss measured using suction lysimeters, ion exchange soil resins traps, and soil sampling (0–120 cm) indicated that N leaching was greatest in the bare-soil interrow spaces and lowest for alfalfa intercropped treatment. The utilization of free winter inputs, such as rainwater and slow-release mineralized N from dairy manure compost, translated to a 2.22 tonne ha⁻¹ alfalfa yield and equated to a $500 ha⁻¹ gross revenue for the first alfalfa cutting. Overall, the preliminary ecosystem benefits observed in this unique alfalfa–almond intercropped agroecosystem were attributed to augmentation in farm resource use efficiency and revenues generated during the winter season.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid formation of abiotic CO2 after adding phenolic gallic acid, to agricultural soils","authors":"Jonathan J. Halvorson,&nbsp;Virginia L. Jin,&nbsp;Mark A. Liebig,&nbsp;Michael A. Schmidt,&nbsp;Ann E. Hagerman,&nbsp;Roberto Luciano","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abiotic efflux of CO₂ from soil is typically attributed to weathering of carbonates but also arises from concurrent oxidation of organic matter and reduction of metal oxides. Little is known, however, about the magnitude of the latter reaction in soil environments. We observed rapid formation of CO₂ from soils treated with a simple phenolic acid (gallic acid, [GA]), consistent with redox reactions catalyzed by Mn or Fe oxide. We measured CO₂ formed during 4-h incubations of soil from different management systems (<i>n</i> = 5), archived benchmark soils (<i>n</i> = 18), and samples of reagent-grade metal oxides (<i>n</i> = 4). Treatments included water, pH 4 phthalate buffer, glucose (0.029 M), or GA (0.025 M). Little CO₂ was formed when samples were treated with water or glucose, but CO₂ quickly evolved with GA. Adding buffer elicited CO₂ in some samples. Soil from a 5-year rotation produced less net CO₂ (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) than other crop rotations or pasture. Net responses from benchmark samples ranged broadly. The CO₂ from some soils was attributable to an acid-carbonate reaction, while for other soils CO₂ was inferred to derive from oxidation of GA by metal oxides. Unlike other tested oxides, Mn(IV) oxide produced a CO₂ response similar to that seen in soil. Redox reactions producing CO₂ can occur in a variety of soils after inputs of GA, a simple phenolic constituent of root exudates, and be influenced by management. Such processes, catalyzed by Mn(IV) oxide, might be significant abiotic sources of CO₂ from agricultural land.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of waterhemp and horseweed to cereal rye cover crop termination timing in soybean","authors":"Ryan C. Hamberg,&nbsp;Edward S. Dearden,&nbsp;Ramawatar Yadav,&nbsp;Micheal D. K. Owen","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field experiments were conducted in soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) to determine the effects of a cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) cover crop (CC), two CC termination timings (TTs), and four herbicide programs (HP) on the emergence, biomass, and seed production of waterhemp (<i>Amaranthus tuberculatus</i> [Moq.] J.D. Sauer) and horseweed (<i>Erigeron canadensis</i> L.). The early cereal rye CC termination occurred seven days (d) before soybean planting, and the late termination occurred 12 days after soybean planting. The presence of a cereal rye CC, regardless of the TT, reduced waterhemp emergence by 39% and 44% compared to no CC at 5 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP), respectively. The late termination of the CC reduced waterhemp population density and biomass by 49% and 44%, respectively, compared to no CC 10 WAP. The presence of a cereal rye CC reduced horseweed population density and biomass at 5 WAP by 90% and 80%, respectively, compared with no CC. Horseweed seed production was 89% lower with a CC compared to no cover crop and was reduced to 0 seeds plant⁻¹ at the late TT. Delayed cereal rye CC termination reduced soybean plant width but not yield. This research highlights the utility of multi-tactic strategies for controlling waterhemp and horseweed in soybeans.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrazine sensitivity varies among soybean cultivars","authors":"Shwetha S. Ramanathan,&nbsp;Travis W. Gannon,&nbsp;Wesley J. Everman,&nbsp;Anna M. Locke","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atrazine carryover from application to a monocot crop may adversely affect soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.) grown in rotation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that genotype selection could reduce atrazine carryover damage to soybean. Five commercially relevant soybean varieties were evaluated for differences in sensitivity to a range of atrazine rates using visual ratings, photosynthetic, and biomass parameters. Visual injury ratings and photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and aboveground biomass were measured during vegetative stages. Under 9.0 g a.i. ha⁻¹ atrazine, SH 5515 LL exhibited visual injury and aboveground fresh biomass reduction but was unaffected in net photosynthesis rate (<i>A</i>) and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕPSII) compared to controls. By 21 days after emergence (DAE), P53A67X recovered in <i>A</i> and ϕPSII, and AG56X8 recovered in SPAD. S52RS86 remained unaffected visually and photosynthetically at this atrazine rate. All genotypes treated with 179.2 g a.i. ha⁻¹ atrazine showed higher injury ratings and lower SPAD, <i>A</i>, and ϕPSII after 7 DAE and lower aboveground biomass 21 DAE except S52RS86, which was similar in SPAD throughout. Atrazine at 358.4 and 716.8 g a.i. ha⁻¹ caused plant death in all genotypes 14 DAE. Visual ratings were strongly correlated with photosynthetic measurements and aboveground biomass at each sampling. Soybean atrazine sensitivity is a function of atrazine concentration in the soil and genotype-specific tolerance or recovery ability, indicating that growers can select soybean genotypes that reduce risk when atrazine carryover is suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry matter yield, persistence, nutritive value, and in situ dry matter degradability of non-dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) adapted to Florida","authors":"Seongshin Lee,&nbsp;Anju Biswas,&nbsp;Esteban F. Rios,&nbsp;Diwakar Vyas","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) production in the subtropics may increase forage yield and quality in livestock systems. This study evaluated the effects of seeding rate on dry matter yield (DMY), nutritive value (NV), and in situ degradability of non-dormant alfalfa grown in Florida. The study was designed as a randomized complete block design with a two-way-factorial treatment arrangement with two seeding rates (20 and 27 kg ha⁻¹ of pure live seed) and five genotypes: two breeding lines (UF_AlfPers_2015 and UF_AlfPers_2017) and three cultivars (Florida 77, Florida 99, and Bulldog 805). DMY was assessed between April 2019 and April 2021, and NV and neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) degradability are reported from two harvests, while in situ ruminal dry matter (DM) disappearance was measured for UF_AlfPers_2015 and Bulldog 805 only. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX in SAS, and mean separation was performed by a Tukey test. No interaction was observed between seeding rate and genotypes for DMY, persistence, and NV. UF_AlfPers_2017 had the highest mean DMY per harvest (1424.5 kg ha⁻¹) and stand persistence (76 plants m⁻²), and Bulldog 805 produced the lowest mean DMY per harvest (936.3 kg ha⁻¹). Bulldog 805 had the lowest lignin concentration, the greatest net energy of lactation, greatest milk per metric ton of forage, and highest NDF degradability. Both the rate and extent of DM degradation were greater for Bulldog 805 compared to UF_AlfPers_2015. The cultivar Bulldog 805 is recommended for planting as it showed greater NV; however, new cultivars and breeding lines are being developed to increase DMY and stand persistence in Florida.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cereal rye biomass effects on giant ragweed suppression inform management decisions","authors":"Guilherme Chudzik,&nbsp;Jose J. Nunes,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Arneson,&nbsp;David E. Stoltenberg,&nbsp;Rodrigo Werle","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Giant ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i> L.) has become one of the most troublesome weeds across the US Midwest partially due to its early emergence, high competitiveness, and herbicide resistance evolution. This study aimed to determine the amount of cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) biomass needed to suppress giant ragweed establishment and growth. The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Rock County Farm near Janesville, WI, in naturally infested giant ragweed fields. At establishment, the research site was tilled to remove weed biomass and crop residue, followed by placement of eight cereal rye biomass treatments: 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6, and 12.0 Mg ha⁻¹. Cereal rye biomass was collected from a fall-seeded cover-cropped field, oven-dried until constant mass, and evenly spread on the surface of each plot based on respective rates. Data were collected 42 days after study establishment, consisting of giant ragweed plant height, density, and dry biomass. Results showed that 3.8 and 4.8 Mg ha⁻¹ of cereal rye biomass reduced giant ragweed biomass and density by 50%, respectively, compared to the no-biomass treatment. Maximum giant ragweed height reduction in this study was 40% compared to the no-biomass treatment. Our results show that cereal rye cover crop biomass was effective in suppressing giant ragweed establishment and growth with a minimum of 3.8 Mg ha⁻¹ cereal rye biomass for &gt;50% suppression of giant ragweed establishment and growth. These results quantify the relationship between cereal rye dry biomass and the suppression of giant ragweed, and can support grower decision-making for timing of cereal rye termination.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}