Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften最新文献

{"title":"[Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences: rules for the definition and diagnosis of death].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"87-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18201730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symposium: \"The cells of the alveolar unit\".","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17376713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance: a universal finding in diabetic states.","authors":"R A Defronzo,&nbsp;D Simonson,&nbsp;E Ferrannini,&nbsp;E Barrett","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms contributing to the impairment in glucose metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and diabetic ketoacidosis are summarized in Table 2. Impaired insulin secretion is characteristic of patients with IDD and DKA. In contrast, insulin secretion in NIDD may be normal, increased, or decreased. Peripheral tissue resistance to the action of insulin is present in all three diabetic conditions; it is moderate in NIDD and IDD and severe in DKA. Basal hepatic glucose production in NIDD and IDD can be either normal or increased, and correlates closely with the fasting plasma glucose concentration. In DKA, HGP is elevated. Suppression of HGP by insulin is normal in NIDD and IDD but severely impaired in DKA. Hepatic glucose uptake following oral glucose is decreased in NIDD; hepatic uptake of ingested glucose has not been examined in IDD and DKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"223-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17872646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myelin basic protein and the stability of the multilamellar myelin structure.","authors":"J M Matthieu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A purified myelin fraction was prepared from myelin deficient (mld) mutant mice and normal littermates (20 to 25 days old). Mld brains contained only 5% of the amount of myelin present in controls. Myelin isolated from mld brains had a normal lipid and protein content. The lipid composition of mld myelin was also normal. Myelin basic protein (MBP) was nearly missing in mld myelin. At the electron microscope, in mld myelin, the major dense line was often missing and the myelin lamellae were uncompacted. The high specific radioactivity of the myelin associated glycoprotein and sulfatides, two myelin constituents which are not affected by the mutation, indicate a high turnover rate of myelin membranes in the mld mutant. Furthermore, the presence of increased amounts of cholesterol esters in mld brains suggests that myelin in mld mutants is unstable. We propose that MBP, which is responsible in the central nervous system for myelin compaction, is responsible for the stability of this membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"101-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17256462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological aspects of demyelination.","authors":"A J Steck","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Important progresses made recently have allowed the development of markers that can be used to characterize the myelin oligodendrocyte compartment. Application of these immunological methods to the investigation of a wide range of disorders of the nervous system has proved extremely valuable. The author selects one example that concerns a group of demyelinating neuropathy associated with a monoclonal protein and presents evidence suggesting that one myelin constituent, a myelin associated glycoprotein, may induce autoimmunity in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"109-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17256464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological markers of brain gliomas.","authors":"N De Tribolet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunological markers of human gliomas have been looked for by studying the patient's immune response or by raising heteroantisera against these tumours. More recently, the hybridoma technology has allowed to produce monoclonal antibodies recognizing a single antigenic determinant. This paper describes the production of monoclonal antibodies against human glioma-associated antigens and discusses their possible applications as diagnostic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"113-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17256465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synarchic regulation and sensitivity modulation in hormone action.","authors":"H Rasmussen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present discussion has been concerned with an analysis of experimental data gathered largely in the past decade concerning the relationship of intracellular calcium ion to cAMP. From this analysis, the hypothesis developed is that Ca2+ and cAMP serve as interrelated second messengers when differentiated cells are called upon to perform their particular work function (contraction or secretion, etc.) by extracellular messengers (peptide or amine hormones, neurotransmitters) acting via specific cell surface receptors. To characterize and emphasize this duality the term synarchic regulation is introduced to convey the notion that these messengers act together to rule the intracellular domain. Although this duality appears to be nearly universal, the pattern of Ca2+-cAMP interaction varies from cell type to cell type. At least five variations on the universal theme can be recognized: coordinate, hierarchical, redundant, antagonistic, and sequential. By viewing hormone action as a process of information transfer, it is possible to analyze the sequential steps in hormone action. The key features of cell activation are the rise in concentration of a second messenger (Ca2+ or cAMP) in the cell cytosol, recognition of this rise by a specific receptor protein leading to a binding of messenger to protein, and then the binding of this complex in turn to one or more response elements. The molecular basis of this process in the calcium messenger system has been described and the very important relationship of change in cellular calcium metabolism to the messenger role of (Ca2+)c has been emphasized. A distinction has been made between this process of amplitude modulation of cell function in the calcium messenger system, and the process of sensitivity modulation. This occurs by a mechanism that involves the activation of a calcium-calmodulin-dependent enzyme by changing its sensitivity to activation by Ca2+ rather than a change in (Ca2+)c. A common means by which sensitivity modulation takes place in the calcium messenger system is by a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a subunit of a calmodulin modulated response element. This type of sensitivity modulation provides molecular evidence in support of the concept of synarchic regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"131-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17369405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overall characteristics of obesity syndromes.","authors":"B Jeanrenaud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"239-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17816347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal control of cartilage metabolism.","authors":"M T Corvol","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"205-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17816345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A plasma membrane without much of a cell. Reports from the 3rd meeting of the European Red Cell Club.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":" ","pages":"247-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17369402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}