Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau最新文献_第8页

[Mortality of women of child-bearing age in Costa Rica, 1987-1989]. [哥斯达黎加育龄妇女死亡率，1987-1989年]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1995-03-01

C Bratti, N Amador

{"title":"[Mortality of women of child-bearing age in Costa Rica, 1987-1989].","authors":"C Bratti, N Amador","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this descriptive study was to detect regional differences in the mortality of women 15 to 44 years of age, especially mortality due to preventable causes. The regions studied corresponded to the health regions of Costa Rica. The deaths of women 15 to 24, 25 to 34, and 35 to 44 recorded from 1987 to 1989 in the National Deaths Register were classified as due to preventable causes or nonpreventable causes and grouped by region. The nationwide mortality rate for women 15 to 44 years of age was 6.9 per 10,000 women. The highest rates were recorded in the Huetar Atlántica (10.05) and Brunca (8.29) regions, and the lowest in the West Central region (4.38). Some 44.4% of the deaths were preventable, mainly by secondary prevention measures or a mix of measures. The lowest proportions of preventable mortality were found in the North Central and Brunca regions (35.2% and 36.7%, respectively), and the highest in the West Central (64.7%). The nonpreventable deaths mostly corresponded to causes not easily avoided and to the remainder of causes not included under other headings of the Taucher International Classification. Ill-defined causes represented 1.2% of total deaths in the study period. Almost all the peripheral regions showed higher mortality than the central plateau, which may be because of their lesser degrees of socioeconomic and infrastructure development and of access to health services. Another influence may be the more subordinate status of women in rural areas. This situation can be changed by making better use of available resources and improving the quality of services. It is recommended that this type of study be continued in order to monitor trends in women's mortality.","PeriodicalId":75611,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau","volume":"118 3","pages":"191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18729184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Case-control study of epidemic optic neuropathy in Cuba, 1993]. [古巴流行性视神经病变病例对照研究，1993]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1995-02-01

P Más Bermejo, C del Puerto Quintana, C Barceló Pérez, E Molina Esquível, R Cañas Pérez

{"title":"[Case-control study of epidemic optic neuropathy in Cuba, 1993].","authors":"P Más Bermejo, C del Puerto Quintana, C Barceló Pérez, E Molina Esquível, R Cañas Pérez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for epidemic optic neuropathy, which occurred in Cuba in 1992 and 1993, as well as to formulate a hypothesis about its etiology. The study sample consisted of 551 pairs of cases and controls matched for age, sex, and area of residence. The cases were patients aged 15 years and over who were diagnosed in April 1993. Diagnosis was made in accordance with major criteria (diminished visual acuity, alteration in color vision, scotomata, and changes in the papillo-macular tract) and minor criteria (pallor of the optic disk, photophobia, and others). Cases were selected through systematic sampling of all the country's provinces. The controls were selected from the population registers of the primary care districts. By means of a 52-section questionnaire, information was obtained from the cases and controls about their sociodemographic characteristics, drug and food habits, and exposure to toxic environmental substances. The population group most affected was that of persons 25 to 64 years of age who lived in urban areas. No evidence was found to support biological transmission of the disease, nor were any environmental toxins discovered to be causal agents. Construction of logistic models showed an irregular diet (95% confidence interval of the odds ratio [95%CI OR]: 2.43-3.63), smoking (95% CI OR: 2.60-3.13), and elevated ingestion of sugar (95% CI OR: 1.74-2.52) to be risk factors for the disease. Despite the study's limitations, it supports the hypothesis that the epidemic's pathogenesis is toxic-nutritional. According to this hypothesis, nutritional deficiencies could be responsible for a marked alteration in metabolic detoxification mechanisms, which would increase susceptibility to a noxious agent.","PeriodicalId":75611,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau","volume":"118 2","pages":"115-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18698398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Management information system and processes of change in health systems]. [管理信息系统和卫生系统变化的过程]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1995-02-01

E Carrillo, M Segovia, J M Paganini

引用次数: 0

[Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B in dentistry students and dentists in Belo Horizonte, Brazil]. [巴西贝洛奥里藏特牙科学生和牙医中乙型肝炎血清学标志物的流行情况]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1995-02-01

C M Ottoni, F J Penna, C G Oliveira, C J Souza

{"title":"[Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B in dentistry students and dentists in Belo Horizonte, Brazil].","authors":"C M Ottoni, F J Penna, C G Oliveira, C J Souza","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this transverse study was to investigate the presence of serologic markers of infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg or HBsAb) among dentistry students before and after they began to have contact with patients; among dentists; and, for purposes of comparison with the latter group, among professionals outside the biological sciences in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Secondarily, the association between the prevalence of infection, the frequency of performing potentially infective dental procedures, and the use of protective barriers was studied. Among 88 students at the beginning of their course of study (average age = 20.0 years), the proportion of positive individuals was 6.8%; among 84 students concluding their studies (average age = 23.4 years), the proportion was 7.1% (P = 0.829). In the group of 202 dentists (average age = 44.0 years), 23.3% were positive, while among the other professionals (202 individuals, average age = 44.3 years), the proportion was 14.9%, for an odds ratio of 1.75 (95% CI = 1.02 to 2.98; P = 0.042). While 91.7% of the students reported that they routinely used surgical masks, only 16.7% said they regularly wore gloves. Among the dentists, these proportions were 49.8% and 9.4%, respectively. No association was found between risk factors and the use of such protection and the prevalence of infection in the different groups studied.","PeriodicalId":75611,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau","volume":"118 2","pages":"108-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18698397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[HIV infections and tuberculosis in Haiti]. [海地的艾滋病毒感染和结核病]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1995-02-01

P R Hyppolite, J W Pape

引用次数: 0

[Child mortality rates: a bilingual terminology review]. [儿童死亡率:双语术语审查]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1995-01-01

J A Tapia Granados

引用次数: 0

[Elimination of iodine deficiency: a challenge for the end of the century]. [消除碘缺乏症:本世纪末的挑战]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1994-12-01

A Noguera Zelaya

引用次数: 0

[Presentation of the monographic issue: micronutrient deficiencies in the Americas]. [专题问题介绍:美洲微量营养素缺乏问题]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1994-12-01

M Gueri

引用次数: 0

[Hypovitaminosis A: epidemiology of a public health problem and strategies of its prevention and control]. [维生素缺乏症A:公共卫生问题的流行病学及其预防和控制策略]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1994-12-01

B A Underwood

引用次数: 0

[Vitamin A deficiency and actions for its prevention and control in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1994]. [拉丁美洲和加勒比维生素A缺乏症及其预防和控制行动，1994年]。

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau Pub Date : 1994-12-01

J O Mora, O Dary

{"title":"[Vitamin A deficiency and actions for its prevention and control in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1994].","authors":"J O Mora, O Dary","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1970s, the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition has declined in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. However, micronutrient deficiencies, especially of iodine, iron, and vitamin A, have not diminished to the same extent. Based on clinical criteria, vitamin A deficiency continues to be a public health problem in Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. This deficiency is also common in poor communities in Bolivia, in some parts of Mexico and Peru, and among indigenous groups in Panama. Trends in general health and nutrition indicators in Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, Paraguay, and Venezuela suggest the need to update information on vitamin A deficiency in those countries. At the close of the 1980s, increasing interest was manifested in reducing vitamin A deficiency in the Region of the Americas; this interest has led to epidemiologic studies, national and regional meetings, and the implementation of plans and interventions at the local, national, and regional levels. In the medium and long term, a permanent solution to the problem of vitamin A deficiency can be attained through sustained economic and social development, accompanied by specific actions to diversify diets in order to increase consumption of foods rich in vitamin A, fortification of popular foods, and nutritional education. In the short term, temporary measures--such as periodic administration of vitamin A supplements to high-risk groups--can be applied.","PeriodicalId":75611,"journal":{"name":"Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau","volume":"117 6","pages":"519-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18847610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0