Atomic energy review最新文献

The present state of in vivo neutron activation analysis in clinical diagnosis and therapy. 体内中子活化分析在临床诊断和治疗中的应用现状。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1980-09-01

S H Cohn

{"title":"The present state of in vivo neutron activation analysis in clinical diagnosis and therapy.","authors":"S H Cohn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In vivo neutron activation has opened a new era of research on the elemental composition of the human body. The techniques currently employed vary widely with respect to sources, moderators, site of activation and detection systems. Sources include cyclotrons, neutron generators and radioactive elements. Both partial body and total body neutron activation analysis (PBNAA and TBNAA, respectively) are commonly used to determine calcium levels. This review examines various aspects of the two techniques for delayed gamma neutron activation and the factors which affect the sensitivity of the measurements, uniformity of the neutron flux density, and the use of moderators. Portions of the body selected for partial body activation analysis are the hand, the arm and the trunk. Such measurement may be particularly useful for studying patients with diseases that affect various parts of the skeleton differently. However, to date, analyses based on TBNAA and PBNAA do not appear to favour one technique over the other. Comparison of the two techniques has to take into account a variety of factors: dose to the patient, cost reliability, availability of source, nature and cost of complementary facilities required, and the degree of expertise needed by the operating personnel. Neutron activation studies of body calcium have provided data useful for the diagnosis and management of a variety of metabolic disorders. Measurement of sodium, chlorine and nitrogen also appear to be useful clinically. A variety of clinical applications are discussed in this review. A recent development is prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, which can be used for the in vivo determination of cadmium in liver and kidney. Total body nitrogen (measured by prompt gamma neutron activation) and potassium measurements serve as indices of protein and muscle mass content, and hence are useful in assessing the roles of diet and nutrition in these body components.","PeriodicalId":75570,"journal":{"name":"Atomic energy review","volume":"18 3","pages":"599-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18067302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk assessment for radiation protection purposes. 辐射防护风险评估。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1980-09-01

E E Pochin

引用次数: 0

New aspects of cell membrane radiobiology and their impact on radiation protection. 细胞膜放射生物学的新进展及其对辐射防护的影响。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1979-03-01

G J Köteles

引用次数: 0

Radioassay services in developing countries. Findings and recommendations of an International Atomic Energy Agency advisory group. 发展中国家的放射性分析服务。国际原子能机构咨询小组的调查结果和建议。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1978-09-01

E H Belcher

引用次数: 0

Late biological effects of ionizing radiation. Report on the international symposium held in Vienna from 13 to 17 March 1978. 电离辐射的晚期生物效应。1978年3月13日至17日在维也纳举行的国际专题讨论会报告。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1978-06-01

J L Weeks, S Kobayashi

引用次数: 0

Radioimmunoassay and related procedures in medicine. Report on the international symposium held in Berlin (West) from 31 October to 4 November 1977. 放射免疫测定及医学上的相关程序。1977年10月31日至11月4日在柏林(西)举行的国际专题讨论会报告。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1978-06-01

E H Belcher

引用次数: 0

National and international standardization of radiation dosimetry. Report on the International Symposium held in Atlanta from 5 to 9 December 1977. 辐射剂量学的国内和国际标准化。1977年12月5日至9日在亚特兰大举行的国际专题讨论会报告。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1978-03-01

H Eisenlohr

引用次数: 0

The study and control of environmental radioactivity and its relevance to the control of other environmental contaminants. 环境放射性的研究和控制及其与其他环境污染物控制的相关性。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1977-09-01

A Preston

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the economic feasibility of radiation preservation of selected food commodities. 评价选定食品的辐射保存的经济可行性。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1977-09-01

V Balázs-Sprincz

引用次数: 0

Mineral imbalances in farm animals and their study and diagnosis with isotopic tracers. 农场动物的矿物质失衡及其同位素示踪剂的研究和诊断。

Atomic energy review Pub Date : 1976-12-01

E J Underwood

{"title":"Mineral imbalances in farm animals and their study and diagnosis with isotopic tracers.","authors":"E J Underwood","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-two mineral elements are known to be essential for animal life. These are calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron, iodine, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, selenium, chromium, tin, vanadium, fluorine, silicon, nickel and arsenic. Naturally occurring and man-made dietary imbalances of many of these elements and their interactions with other minerals are described and their functions and requirements by farm animals are outlined. The nature and importance of metabolic interactions among the mineral elements are discussed and the important concept stressed that there is no single minimum requirement or safe tolerance of a particular mineral, but a series of such minimum requirements and safe tolerances depending on the extent to which other minerals with which it interacts is present or absent from the diet. Radioactive tracer elements are shown to be of great value in the determination of mineral nutrient availability to the animal and for following mineral metabolic movements in the body. They are also shown to have considerable potential for the diagnosis of mineral imbalances. Various in vivo and in vitro techniques, involving both radioactive and stable tracers developed for the early diagnosis of mineral deficiencies are described and the strengths and weaknesses of such techniques in comparison with standard biochemical tests, are discussed. The need for further critical studies with isotopic tracers in the detection and diagnosis of mineral imbalances is emphasized. The main types of biochemical criteria used in the diagnosis of mineral deficiencies and excesses are given, with appropriate examples of their use.","PeriodicalId":75570,"journal":{"name":"Atomic energy review","volume":"14 4","pages":"591-619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11986692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0