{"title":"The role of cell-mediated immunity in typhoid.","authors":"T J Mabel, C K Paniker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell-mediated immunity in typhoid was assessed by the leukocyte migration inhibition test and delayed hypersensitivity skin test in 60 clinical typhoid patients. The property of leukocyte migration inhibition appeared first and was positive in 28 of 60 (46.7%) patients on admission and 45 of 60 (75%) at the time of discharge. This difference was definitely more in blood culture positive patients. The delayed hypersensitivity appeared later and was positive in 18 of 60 (30%) on admission and 31 of 60 (51.7%) at the time of discharge. Patients with positive cellular-immune response against typhoid antigen did not develop relapse. On the whole cell-mediated immunity seems to play an important role in typoid. The control groups--the medical and surgical patients, doctors, clinical students and preclinical students--showed positive cellular immune response of 43.3 81.3, 40.7 and 25% respectively. The significance of these results is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 2","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11748730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M M Wong, W J Kozek, S L Karr, M A Brayton, J H Theis, A G Hendrickx
{"title":"Experimental congenital infection of Toxoplasma gondii in Macaca arctoides.","authors":"M M Wong, W J Kozek, S L Karr, M A Brayton, J H Theis, A G Hendrickx","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital toxoplasmosis was studied in Macaca arctoides as a model for primates. Time-mated female monkeys were assigned to 5 experimental groups and inoculated with 4 different strains of Toxoplasma gondii before pregnancy and during various stages of gestation. All monkeys showed a rise in indirect hemagglutination antibody (IHA) titers following infection, and some had demonstrable parasitemia. Of the 23 progeny, 2 were stillbirths and 2 died soon after birth, but only the one neonate born of a mother inoculated intrauterally succumbed to acute toxoplasmosis. No physical anomalies were observed in any of the progeny. The toxoplasms organism was not isolated from any of the placentas obtained nor from the cord blood. None of the tissues from the stillborn or infant monkeys that died were positive for toxoplasmosis by mouse inoculation. The live progeny were usually born with high IHA antibody titers which were usually soon lost, indicating presence of passively acquired maternal antibody. However, 2 babies, born of mothers infected with tissue cysts on day 79 and 149 of gestation, maintained moderate to high titers for about 8 and 19 months respectively, indicating that an active infection had taken place but no clinical disease was detected. Data obtained suggest that although certain developmental stages of the toxoplasma organism and of the fetus may favor the occurrence of congenital infection, very little neonatal disease results in this primate model.</p>","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 2","pages":"61-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11340284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vectors of dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever with advances in their control.","authors":"L S Self","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most important vector of dengue in the Western Pacific Region is Ae. aegypti. On some occasions, Ae. albopictus, Ae. polynesiensis and several other species of the Ae. scutellaris complex have been suspected vectors in localities where Ae. aegypti was not found. Long-term vector control by the use of insecticides has been expensive and difficult to achieve. However, spray equipment and ULV insecticides have been obtained in many places for emergency use during outbreaks, and Abate larviciding also has been used in high-risk localities to help prevent outbreaks. Obtaining greater community participation supported by intensified health education and other acceptable measures is considered an important approach for achieving improved long-term control. Developing an acceptable and effective cover for domestic water storage containers is also recognized as a potentially important tool for suppressing vector populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 2","pages":"77-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11748731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chlamydia trachomatis--recent knowledge of genital tract-to-eye infections.","authors":"J G Markham","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 2","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11603039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W Suharyono, D J Gubler, I Lubis, R Tan, M Abidin, A Sie, J S Saroso
{"title":"Dengue virus isolation in Indonesia, 1975-1978.","authors":"W Suharyono, D J Gubler, I Lubis, R Tan, M Abidin, A Sie, J S Saroso","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virus isolations from dengue hemorrhagic fever patients in Indonesia are reported from 1975 to 1978. All 4 dengue serotypes were endemic in Jakarta, but dengue 3 was the predominant virus isolated. This type was also the most frequently isolated virus from patients outside Jakarta and had the widest distribution in Indonesia. The sensitivity of the mosquito inoculation technique for isolation of dengue viruses is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11701366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The antimalaria programme in Singapore, with special reference to the period 1974 - 1978.","authors":"C K Lok","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11594766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kanamycin in the treatment of penicillinase-producing gonococcai infections.","authors":"V S Rajan, R Pang, N J Tan, E H Sng","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A retrospective study of 356 cases of bacteriologically proven penicillinase-producing gonococcal infections treated with a single dose of 2 g of kanamycin intramuscularly was carried out. It was found that 14 patients failed to complete followup examinations. Of the remaining 342 who were examined bacteriologically following treatment, 335 were found to be cured of the infection. The cure rate was 96%. No adverse reactions were noted after administration of the drug. Compared to the other drugs used, kanamycin was relatively cheaper. The authors conclude that kanamycin is safe, economical and very effective in the treatment of gonorrhoea caused by the strains of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in South East Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"37-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11335224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some characteristics of persistent rabies virus infection in cell cultures.","authors":"M Suzuki, S Ohtani, A Oya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fixed rabies virus strain M512 was shown to propagate in BHK cell cultures without interfering with cell growth. Virus specific antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of cells by immunofluorescence technique. A small amount of virus was detected in the supernatant fluid throughout a series of subcultures. The infectivity of the intracellular virus was not affected by the addition of antirabies serum in culture fluid through the extracellular spread of virus was inhibited at the 40th transfer of the infected BHK Cells suggesting the establishment of the persistent M512 infection. Ninety five percent or more cells after cloning from persistently infected cells possessed viral antigen. Based on cytopathic effect, BHK-M512 cells were resistant to superinfection with the homologous virus but were susceptible to the heterologous virus. Interferon was not detected in BHK-M512 cell cultures. The serially passaged BHK-M512 virus gradually decreased the virulence for mice after 40th subculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11701365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognition of an asymptomatic male carrier of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Singapore - a case report.","authors":"R J Tan, V K Lim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from centrifuged urine deposit of an asymptomatic male. The case history and significance of this asymptomatic infection are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":75568,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of infectious diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"45-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11335225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}