Archiv fur Psychologie最新文献_第2页

Psychological abstracts and German-language psychology. 心理学文摘与德语心理学。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

J Brozek

引用次数: 0

[Generalization of motivational and functional helplessness]. [动机性和功能性无助的概括]。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

J Stiensmeier-Pelster

{"title":"[Generalization of motivational and functional helplessness].","authors":"J Stiensmeier-Pelster","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The learned helplessness theory (Seligman, 1975) claims that permanent failure causes an expectation of uncontrolability that generalizes to subsequent test tasks and produces (mediated by motivational deficits) performance deficits. In contrast, Kuhl (1981) states that permanent failure produces not only the expectation of uncontrolability but also a functional deficit, called state orientation. State orientation, but not the expectation of uncontrolability, should generalize to the test tasks and cause the performance deficits. These opposing assumptions concerning the generalization of the expectation of uncontrolability and state orientation were tested in a helplessness experiment. During a training phase, 45 college students were confronted with either one success, one failure, or three failures in discrimination problems (Levine, 1966). In a subsequent test phase, which was disguised as a second experiment, subjects had to solve anagrams. Expectations of uncontrolability and the amount of state orientation were assessed after success or failure in the training phase (t1) as well as during the test phase while working on the anagrams (t2). Results showed that only state orientation generalized from t1 to t2 and not expectation of uncontrolability. The results are considered to support Kuhl's conception of functional helplessness. Implications for further development of learned helplessness theory are discussed.","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"142 3","pages":"167-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13287548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Representation of relations between television watching and delinquency within the scope of causal analysis models]. [在因果分析模型范围内对看电视与犯罪之间关系的表征]。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

M Scheungrab

{"title":"[Representation of relations between television watching and delinquency within the scope of causal analysis models].","authors":"M Scheungrab","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of research coucerns causal relationships between variables of consuming home videos and television and different indicators of delinquency (\"acceptance of social norms\" (NORM-AK), \"perceived risk of punishment\" (DEL-RISK), \"severity of negative consequences\" (NEG-VAL), \"acceptance of illegitimate means\" (ILLEG-M)). Additionally, factors of influence external to media are taken into consideration which are connected with delinquency according to criminologic results, i.e. variables of communication and variables of the family life and the structure of the family. The model is tested by a sample of N = 305 male pupils of a Regensburg vocational school with methods analysing causality (\"2-Stage-Least-Square\" (2-SLS) and \"Latent variables path analysis with partial least squares estimation\" (LVPLS)). The 2-SLS-estimates largely confirm the causal relationships supposed in the model. The results are, three significantly positive indirect connections from the preference for violence of home videos to the main indicator of delinquency ILLEG-M (by way of the variables \"consumption of home videos\" put on the Index, NEG-VAL and DEL-RISK). The direct influence of the preference for violence on television on ILLEG-M is confirmed, whereas the direct path from the popularity of violent video films to ILLEG-M cannot be proved. The LVPLS-results essentially correspond to the relationship shown by 2-SLS; in addition the LVPLS-estimates also confirm direct causal relationships between the latent variables \"consumption of violent video films\" and \"delinquency proneness\".","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"142 4","pages":"295-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13286943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finding relations between systems of entities: a multivariate approach. 寻找实体系统之间的关系:一种多变量方法。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

H J Rimoldi

引用次数: 0

The effect of ethanol on stress-induced tachycardia. 乙醇对应激性心动过速的影响。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

W H Vogel, P Netter

{"title":"The effect of ethanol on stress-induced tachycardia.","authors":"W H Vogel, P Netter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A study was designed to answer the questions if low doses of ethanol would reduce stress induced increases in heart rates, if covariations would be observed between ethanol induced changes in heart rates and changes in emotional states and mental performance and if tolerance to ethanol or other personality factors would influence the ethanol induced cardiac effects. Forty-four male students with a history of high and low alcohol consumption according to questionnaire scores were matched for extraversion and neuroticism and then assigned to a group receiving either 0.8 g/kg of ethanol or a placebo drink. A stress condition of mental arithmetic was applied prior to and 45 minutes after ingestion of the drink. Heart rates and ratings of emotional states by adjective check lists were recorded before and after each stress session. A significant reduction of stress induced heart rate increases in both high and low drinking groups but no ethanol dependent change of resting heart rates were observed. Reductions of autonomic stress response by ethanol were weakly but positively correlated to respective reductions of affective stress responses and impairment of the quality of mental performance. High trait anxiety subjects seemed to benefit more from ethanol with respect to reductions of cardiac and emotional arousal than low anxious subjects.","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"142 1","pages":"9-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13440073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Uneasiness with facet analysis: time for a reappraisal]. [对面分析的不安:是时候重新评估了]。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

F Holz-Ebeling

引用次数: 0

Slow potentials in a melody recognition task. 旋律识别任务中的慢电位。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

R Verleger, D Schellberg

{"title":"Slow potentials in a melody recognition task.","authors":"R Verleger, D Schellberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous study, slow negative shifts were found in the EEG of subjects listening to well-known melodies. The two experiments reported here were designed to investigate the variables to which these slow potentials are related. In the first experiment, two opposite hypotheses were tested: The slow shifts might express subjects' acquaintance with the melodies or, on the contrary, the effort invested to identify them. To this end, some of the melodies were presented in the rhythms of other melodies to make recognition more difficult. Further, melodies rated as very well-known and as very unknown were analysed separately. However, the slow shifts were not affected by these experimental variations. Therefore in the second experiment, on the one hand the purely physical parameters intensity and duration were varied, but this variation had no impact on the slow shifts either. On the other hand, recognition was made more difficult by monotonously repeating the pitch of the 4th tone for the rest of some melodies. The slow negative shifts were enhanced with these monotonous melodies. This enhancement supports the \"effort\" hypothesis. Accordingly, the ofter shifts obtained in both experiments might likewise reflect effort. But since the task was not demanding, it is suggested that these constant shifts reflect the effort invested for coping with the entire underarousing situation rather than with the task. Frequently, slow eye movements occurred in the same time range as the slow potentials, resulting in EOG potentials spreading to the EEG recording sites. Yet results did not change substantially when the EEG recordings were corrected for the influence of EOG potentials.","PeriodicalId":75529,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Psychologie","volume":"142 4","pages":"225-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13286940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

W Mittag

引用次数: 0

[An empirical comparison of 5 standard procedures for one-dimensional scaling]. [5种一维标度标准程序的实证比较]。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

I Borg, M Müller, T Staufenbiel

引用次数: 0

[Context-dependence of implicit and explicit memory characteristics]. [内隐和外显记忆特征的语境依赖性]。

Archiv fur Psychologie Pub Date : 1990-01-01

W Wippich, S Mecklenbräuker, P Heckner, P Hank

引用次数: 0