Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology最新文献

{"title":"Optimization strategies for enhanced production of single cell protein: recent advances and perspectives","authors":"Sharda Devi Rajput,&nbsp;Neha Pandey,&nbsp;S. Keshavkant","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09706-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09706-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing demand for protein supplementation in both animal and human nutrition, coupled with the limitations of conventional protein sources, necessitates research into sustainable alternatives. Single-cell proteins (SCPs) are the dried biomass of microorganisms such as algae, yeast, and bacteria that are cultured under controlled conditions. Production of SCP has emerged as a promising solution, offering advantages such as rapid production, minimal land requirement, and adaptability to diverse climatic conditions; however, their large-scale production requires meticulous optimization of entire process of production. Efficient optimization enhances productivity, product quality, and cost-efficiency, making SCP production economically viable, safer and sustainable. Optimization involves standardization of various regulating factors such as temperature, pH, nutrient availability and type, oxygen level, agitation, etc., which requires a large number of experimental trials and a high consumption of resources. To overcome these challenges, optimization of SCP production is increasingly using multivariate statistical techniques, including response surface methodology (RSM), and factorial design. Computer modelling and simulation techniques offer insights into the complex dynamics of production systems. This review discusses popularly followed strategies for optimization of SCP production, beginning with an overview of the fundamentals and significance of SCP. Methods of optimization, including classical methods and RSM, along with integration of mathematical modelling into the Design of Experiment (DoE), are then examined. Case studies have also been discussed to illustrate successful optimization approaches while addressing applications of SCP and, challenges and future directions in SCP optimization/ production.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 4","pages":"1015 - 1040"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing green tide Ulva biomass for carbon dioxide sequestration","authors":"Jihae Park,&nbsp;Hojun Lee,&nbsp;Jonas De Saeger,&nbsp;Stephen Depuydt,&nbsp;Jana Asselman,&nbsp;Colin Janssen,&nbsp;Philippe M. Heynderickx,&nbsp;Di Wu,&nbsp;Frederik Ronsse,&nbsp;Filip M. G. Tack,&nbsp;Masanori Hiraoka,&nbsp;Lalit K. Pandey,&nbsp;Ondrej Mašek,&nbsp;Yung Hung,&nbsp;Taejun Han","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09705-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09705-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green tides, characterised by massive blooms of the seaweed <i>Ulva</i>, pose a significant threat to coastal economies and marine ecosystems. This review explores the potential repurposing of harmful <i>Ulva</i> blooms for carbon sequestration, addressing the critical global issue of CO₂ emission. We conducted a comprehensive literature review and examined the conversion of shoreline <i>Ulva</i> biomass into biochar through pyrolysis, a process that can be implemented directly at biorefineries. This approach not only facilitates carbon sequestration but also mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and enhances soil quality through soil amendments. Our review covers data from 2008 to 2022, focusing on the carbon sequestration potential of <i>Ulva</i> during green tide episodes in China and Korea. Our assessment indicates that <i>Ulva</i> biomass has the potential to sequester approximately 3.85 million tons of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e), with about 1.93 million tons of CO₂e potentially stabilised through biochar conversion. Furthermore, we conducted a hypothetical techno-economic analysis assessing the sustainability and economic viability of <i>Ulva</i> cultivation and biochar production for CO₂ sequestration. These findings suggest that the combined biomass and biochar production could be financially viable and profitable. Despite the challenges posed by green tides, our review highlights their potential role in mitigating global climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 4","pages":"1041 - 1061"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11157-024-09705-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of current hydroponic food production practices and the potential role of bioelectrochemical systems","authors":"Shuyao Wang,&nbsp;Yehuda Kleiner,&nbsp;Shawn M. Clark,&nbsp;Vijaya Raghavan,&nbsp;Boris Tartakovsky","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09699-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09699-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydroponic cultivation is an efficient, resource-saving technology that produces high yields of high-quality products per unit area without soil. While this technology can save water and fertilisers, water recirculation increases the accumulation of root exudates known to be toxic to the plant, causing growth inhibition. The usage of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is well-documented for wastewater treatment, desalination, contamination remediation, bioelectricity generation, etc. In this review we explore the issues associated with the usage of traditional approaches in detecting and removing the phytotoxic substances exudated from plant roots. Furthermore, we investigate the prospects of deploying BESs in hydroponic systems and highlight potential benefits and challenges. The application, feasibility and scalability of BES-hydroponic systems, as well as the possibility of integration with other technologies are all critically discussed. It is concluded that the use of BESs for hydroponic wastewater treatment and for real-time plant growth monitoring represents a novel and valuable strategy. This approach has the potential to overcome limitations of the existing treatment methods and contribute to the advancement of sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"897 - 921"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11157-024-09699-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological strategies for Bisphenol A degradation: mechanisms and pathways","authors":"Feng Cheng,&nbsp;Jianlong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09704-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09704-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) has been extensively applied for the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, which has gained increasing attention due to its ubiquitous presence and adverse effect on ecosystems and human health. Various biological strategies (such as BPA biodegradation by bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants) have been developed to address BPA contamination issue. This review systematically summarized and analyzed recent advances in biological methods for BPA degradation, including bacterial, fungal, algal, and plants, highlighting the efficiency and mechanisms of BPA degradation. By analyzing the common intermediates of BPA biodegradation by bacteria, fungi, algae and plants reported in previous studies, the typical biodegradation pathways were proposed. The review further addressed the contentious topic of anaerobic BPA degradation, noting the scarcity of definitive evidence endorsing this process. Further, the common enzymes and typical enzymatic reactions involved in the biodegradation process of BPA were summarized. This review will deepen the understanding of BPA biodegradation, leading to the discovery of more efficient microorganisms and highly effective enzymatic catalysts for remediating BPA contamination.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"601 - 632"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do endocrine disrupting compounds impact earthworms? A comprehensive evidence review","authors":"Tiago Azevedo,&nbsp;Mariana Gonçalves,&nbsp;Rita Silva-Reis,&nbsp;Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca,&nbsp;Marta Roboredo,&nbsp;João R. Sousa,&nbsp;Paula A. Oliveira,&nbsp;Maria de Lurdes Pinto,&nbsp;Francisco Peixoto,&nbsp;Isabel Gaivão,&nbsp;Manuela Matos,&nbsp;Ana M. Coimbra","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09698-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09698-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are ubiquitous in soil, posing serious risks to soil biota, especially earthworms, which have been found to be affected by these compounds, despite not being their typical target organisms. Earthworms are essential for sustaining soil health and quality, by promoting soil aeration, organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, among other functions. This review synthesizes available literature evidencing the negative impact of EDC exposure, through traditional endocrine pathways and other toxicological mechanisms, on histopathological, biochemical, molecular and reproductive endpoints of earthworms. The compounds described, in the consulted literature, to induce histopathological, biochemical, genotoxicity and molecular and reproductive alterations include antibiotics, antimicrobial additives, flame retardants, fragrances, fungicides, herbicides, hormones, inorganic ions, insecticides, organic UV filters, parabens, perfluoroalkyl substances, pesticides, petroleum derivatives, plasticizers and polychlorinated biphenyls. These compounds reach soil through direct application or via contaminated organic amendments and water derived from potentially polluted sources. The findings gather in the present review highlight the vulnerability of earthworms to a broad spectrum of chemicals with endocrine disrupting capacity. Additionally, these studies emphasize the physiological disruptions caused by EDC exposure, underscoring the critical need to protect biodiversity, including earthworms, to ensure soil quality and ecosystem sustainability. Ongoing research has provided insights into molecular mechanisms responsive to EDCs in earthworms, including the identification of putative hormone receptors that exhibit functional similarity to those present in vertebrates. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the impact of EDCs in earthworms, especially through non-hormonal mediated pathways, and addresses the need for strong regulatory frameworks to mitigate the detrimental effects of EDCs on soil invertebrates in order to safeguard soil ecosystems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"633 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11157-024-09698-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cassava waste as an animal feed treatment: past and future","authors":"Fatimah I. Jumare,&nbsp;Madihah Md. Salleh,&nbsp;Nurashikin Ihsan,&nbsp;Huszalina Hussin","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09701-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09701-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many countries, scientists have developed techniques and processing methods to minimize animal feed waste and costs. The agricultural waste from each part of the cassava plant is rich in macronutrients, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, making it a potential candidate to be used as animal feed. However, the significant content of anti-nutritional properties in cassava, which are linked with the indigestibility of the animal, led to controversy regarding the strategy to use cassava as highly commercialized animal feed. Among the anti-nutritional compounds found in cassava waste, cyanide was found to have the most negative effect on the animals upon feed consumption. Therefore, several strategies to maintain the homeostasis of nutrient and non-nutrient compounds improved the production and commercialization of cassava waste-based animal feed. Physical pretreatment, microbial pretreatment, and fermentation significantly reduced the cyanide content in the cassava waste. In terms of fermentation, solid-state fermentation of moist, solid, non-soluble organic material acts as a nutrient and energy source. Factors such as moisture content, particle size, temperature, pH, media composition, choice of microbial inoculum, and inoculum density were important to increase protein content, improve digestibility, amino acids, enzymes, and vitamins. The impact of using cassava waste as animal feed replacement was significant on the digestibility, growth performance, and changes in blood parameters of the animals. Despite the challenges in nutrient content and biological action, the accessibility and availability of cassava in different geographical areas also pose significant challenges. Therefore, applying technological advancements, particularly in enhancing the nutritional content and biological mechanisms, is important, with the implementation of advanced research and collaboration with industries and other stakeholders.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"839 - 868"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of biochar versus hydrochar and their application for H2S removal from biogas","authors":"Arun Krishna Vuppaladadiyam,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Jena,&nbsp;Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem,&nbsp;Savankumar Patel,&nbsp;Ganesh Veluswamy,&nbsp;Adhithiya Venkatachalapati Thulasiraman,&nbsp;Aravind Surapaneni,&nbsp;Kalpit Shah","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09700-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09700-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biogas contains significant quantities of undesirable and toxic compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), posing severe concerns when used in energy production-related applications. Therefore, biogas needs to be upgraded by removing H₂S to increase their bioenergy application attractiveness and lower negative environmental impacts. Commercially available biogas upgradation processes can be expensive for small and medium-scale biogas production plants, such as wastewater treatment facilities via anaerobic digestion process. In addition, an all-inclusive review detailing a comparison of biochar and hydrochar for H₂S removal is currently unavailable. Therefore, the current study aimed to critically and systematically review the application of biochar/hydrochar for H₂S removal from biogas. To achieve this, the first part of the review critically discussed the production technologies and properties of biochar vs. hydrochar. In addition, exisiting technologies for H₂S removal and adsorption mechanisms, namely physical adsorption, reactive adsorption, and chemisorption, responsible for H₂S removal with char materials were discussed. Also, the factors, including feedstock type, activation strategies, reaction temperature, moisture content, and other process parameters that could influence the adsorption behaviour are critically summarised. Finally, synergy and trade-offs between char and biogas production sectors and the techno-economic feasibility of using char for the adsorption of H₂S are presented. Biochar’s excellent structural properties coupled with alkaline pH and high metal content, facilitate physisorption and chemisorption as pathways for H₂S removal. In the case of hydrochar, H₂S removal occurs mainly via chemisorption, which can be attributed to well-preserved surface functional groups. Challenges of using biochar/hydrochar as commercial adsorbents for H₂S removal from biogas stream were highlighted and perspectives for future research were provided.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"699 - 737"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11157-024-09700-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of plant growth-promoting microbes for improving plant and soil health for biotic and abiotic stress management in mangrove vegetation","authors":"Sourav Kumar Panda,&nbsp;Surajit Das","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09702-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09702-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mangrove ecosystem is a sensitive and highly productive ecosystem in the sea-land transition zone. Mangroves are almost saturated with marine ecosystems and provide ecological services and the organisms of the mangrove ecosystem are adapted to the dynamic conditions of the intertidal zone. For global sustainability, anthropogenic activities that destroy mangrove ecosystems must be reduced, and effective management is needed to mitigate these threats to improve mangrove health and ecosystem services. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), which include growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as <i>Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Azospirillum, Azotobacter</i>, <i>Bacillus, Burkholderia, Clostridium</i>, <i>Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas,</i> and <i>Rhizobium,</i> plant growth promoting actinobacteria (PGPA) <i>Actinophytocola, Nocardiopsis, Pseudonocardia,</i> and <i>Streptomyces,</i> plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Fusarium, Gliocladium</i>, <i>Humicola</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Phoma</i>, and <i>Trichoderma</i> and plant growth promoting cyanobacteria (PGPC) like <i>Anabaena</i>, <i>Aphanothece</i>, <i>Calothrix</i>, <i>Lyngbya,</i> <i>Microcoleus</i>, <i>Nostoc</i>, and <i>Oscillatoria</i> help the mangrove plants to acquire nutrients, produce growth-promoting substances, and resist stress. In addition, PGPMs promote nutrient cycling, leaf litter degradation, organic and inorganic pollutant remediation, pathogen inhibition, and enhance soil stabilization. The biofilm formed by PGPMs increases physical, chemical, and biological stress resistance, and the associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) stabilize the soil. This complex and highly structured microbial community is essential to plant and soil health. The primary goal of this review is to explore the ecological interactions between microbes, mangrove plants, and the intertidal environment, focusing on implementing PGPM-based strategies to sustain mangrove ecosystems. Additionally, this review explores how PGPMs enhance plant and soil health, mitigate stress in mangrove vegetation, and improve ecosystem services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"801 - 837"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical detection probes and sensors for micro-/nano-plastics","authors":"Ug. Praveena,&nbsp;V. Raja,&nbsp;K. V. Ragavan,&nbsp;C. Anandharamakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09703-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09703-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastics and other polymer-based compounds are inevitable in our day-to-day life starting from packaging to consumer goods. Awareness about recycling plastics is all known; however, it is not sufficient to contain their negative effects on the environment and health. Disintegration products of plastic called micro- and nano-plastics (M/NPs) are increasingly found in food and environmental samples, which are considered to be an invisible threat with greater impact. Yet, there are no comprehensive regulations to monitor the M/NPs in food and water samples. Considering their harmful effects, there is a need for appropriate detection techniques to effectively identify and quantify the M/NPs in food and environment. Conventional techniques such as the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy are expensive, require lab and labor, and are not suitable for on-field real-time monitoring. Optical detection techniques using various probes and sensors have been extensively used in the fields of bioimaging, biosensing, molecular fingerprinting etc. Recent research suggests that these probes and sensors are effective in detecting and quantifying the M/NPs. In this regard, the distinctive features of visual, colorimetric and plasmonic detection techniques have proved their high-end applicability. Most of these detectors are based on the principles of fluorescence, localized surface plasmon resonance, colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and speckle pattern analysis. This review discusses the recent advancements in the field of optical detection for M/NPs, summarizing its advantages, salient features, drawbacks, and ideas for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"569 - 599"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging trends in algae farming on non-arable lands for resource reclamation, recycling, and mitigation of climate change-driven food security challenges","authors":"Fatima Tahir,&nbsp;Hira Ashfaq,&nbsp;Aqib Zafar Khan,&nbsp;Mahwish Amin,&nbsp;Iqra Akbar,&nbsp;Hafiza Aroosa Malik,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdullah,&nbsp;Abdulrahman H. Alessa,&nbsp;Ahmad A. Alsaigh,&nbsp;Peter J. Ralph,&nbsp;Muhammad Aamer Mehmood,&nbsp;Sana Malik","doi":"10.1007/s11157-024-09697-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11157-024-09697-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current agri-food systems are unable to fulfill global demand and account for 33% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Conventional agriculture cannot produce more food because of the scarcity of arable land, the depletion of freshwater resources, and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, it is important to investigate alternate farming methods. Algae farming is a feasible alternative that produces food, feed, and feedstock using wastelands and unconventional agricultural settings such as coastal regions, salt-affected soils, and urban/peri-urban environments. This review focuses on three emerging scenarios. First is seawater, which makes up 97.5% of the water on Earth. However, it is nevertheless used less often than freshwater. Second is a growing trend of people moving from rural to urban regions for improved employment prospects, living standards, and business chances. However, most rural migrants are essentially skilled in agriculture, which limits their applicability in metropolitan environments. The third scenario focuses on excellent crop yields and soil fertility; it is essential to maintain appropriate levels of organic matter and soil structure. In this case, algae have remarkable potential for osmoregulation-based salt tolerance and may provide valuable metabolites when cultivated in brackish or saltwater. Using brackish water, treated wastewater, and saltwater, algal culture systems may be established in arid/semi-arid, urban/peri-urban, and coastal areas to fulfill the increasing need for food, feed, and industrial feedstocks. It may also provide migrants from rural areas with work possibilities, which would allay environmental footprints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":754,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology","volume":"23 3","pages":"869 - 896"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}