Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum最新文献

{"title":"Indirect transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to man.","authors":"H Kruse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"92 ","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk analysis, a tool for improved decision making.","authors":"I Vågsholm","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"91 ","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health aspects of antibiotic resistance monitoring in the USA.","authors":"L Tollefson,&nbsp;P J Fedorka-Cray,&nbsp;F J Angulo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of food-producing animals with antimicrobial agents that are important in human therapy may present a public health risk by the transfer of resistant zoonotic pathogens or resistant genes from animals to humans via consumption of contaminated food. Resistant bacteria can diminish the effectiveness of antibiotics and demand the use of more expensive or less safe alternatives. In 1996, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) established the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program to prospectively monitor changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities of zoonotic enteric pathogens from human and animal clinical specimens, from healthy farm animals, and from carcasses of food-producing animals at slaughter plants. Data resulting from the monitoring program will be used to redirect antimicrobial drug use, primarily through educational initiatives directed at health practitioners, in order to diminish the development and spread of resistance. Veterinary testing is conducted at USDA's Agricultural Research Service and CDC's Foodborne Disease Laboratory is testing human isolates under contract to FDA. Both the CDC and USDA laboratories are using a semi-automated system (Sensititre, Accumed, Westlake, Ohio) for testing susceptibilities of the isolates to 17 antimicrobial agents on a minimum inhibitory concentration plate. Comparable methods for isolate handling are used in both laboratories. This paper describes the development, implementation, and objectives of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program, presents initial data generated by the program, and discusses future plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"92 ","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance. Proceedings of the 11th Internordic Symposium of the Nordic Committee for Veterinary Scientific Cooperation (NKVet). Sundvolden, Norway, 7-8 November 1997.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"92 ","pages":"5-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21664697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of antibiotic resistance in animal production.","authors":"A Franklin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is generally accepted that the more antibiotics we use, the faster bacteria will develop resistance. Further it has been more or less accepted that once an antibiotic is withdrawn from the clinic, the resistance genes will eventually disappear, [table: see text] since they will no more be of any survival value for the bacterial cell. However, recent research has shown that after a long time period of exposure to antibiotics, certain bacterial species may adapt to this environment in such a way that they keep their resistance genes stably also after the removal of antibiotics. Thus, there is reason to believe that once resistance has developed it will not even in the long term be eradicated. What then can we do not to increase further the already high level of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals? We should of course encourage a prudent use of these valuable drugs. In Sweden antibiotics are not used for growth promoting purposes and are available only after veterinary prescription on strict indications. Generally, antimicrobial treatment of animals on individual or on herd basis should not be considered unless in connection with relevant diagnostics. The amounts of antibiotics used and the development of resistance in important pathogens should be closely monitored. Furthermore, resistance monitoring in certain non-pathogenic intestinal bacteria, which may serve as a reservoir for resistance genes is probably more important than hitherto anticipated. Once the usage of or resistance to a certain antibiotic seems to increase in an alarming way, steps should be taken to limit the usage of the drug in order to prevent further spread of resistance genes in animals, humans and the environment. Better methods for detecting and quantifying antibiotic resistance have to be developed. Screening methods must be standardized and evaluated in order to obtain comparable and reliable results from different countries. The genetic mechanisms for development of resistance and spread of resistance genes should be studied in detail. Research in these areas will lead to new ideas on how to inhibit the resistance mechanisms. So far, it has been well established that a heavy antimicrobial drug selective pressure in overcrowded populations of production animals creates favourable environments both for the emergence and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"92 ","pages":"23-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance in aquaculture.","authors":"H Sørum","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"92 ","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The animal health and animal welfare situation in the European Union.","authors":"J M Westergaard,&nbsp;P van Houwelingen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"91 ","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The situation from Iceland's point of view.","authors":"R Ingolfsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"91 ","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial resistance; an emerging health problem.","authors":"P Huovinen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"92 ","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary review of the chronology of the major measures in relation to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom and the European Union.","authors":"S Ammendrup","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"91 ","pages":"19-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21632905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}