Acta paedopsychiatrica最新文献_第2页

Dyslexia: a neuroscientific puzzle. 阅读障碍:一个神经科学难题。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

C Njiokiktjien

{"title":"Dyslexia: a neuroscientific puzzle.","authors":"C Njiokiktjien","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The initial assumptions as to the existence of neurodevelopmental disorders have been confirmed by almost a century of studies focused on the nature and causes of reading disability. Dyslexia is an umbrella term for the various manifestations of reading disabilities, each of which is related to its own complex of neuropsychological dysfunctions, sometimes accompanied by neurological symptoms that can be indicative of the specific location involved. Electro-physiology and neuro-imaging in relation to metabolic activity have also confirmed that, to some extent, there is dysfunction in various cerebral areas, more frequently in the left than in the right hemisphere, less often between the hemispheres (corpus callosum) and outside the classical language areas. The rather rare subtype referred to as visual dyslexia and the inter-modal disconnection type resembling alexia are eclipsed by dyslexias related to spoken language: the dysphonemic (auditory-phonological) subtype and the subtypes that are concerned with the production of speech (fluency, word-finding, syntax, sequences), semantics (language comprehension) and linguistic memory. Although it is considered that there are basic brain dysfunctions in dyslexics such as deficits in sequential information processing, there is no \"grand unified theory\" of dyslexia. There are some new insights as regards the aetiology. In addition to indications of such possible causes as perinatal brain damage, genetic or chromosomal anomalies that manifest themselves in the substrate in an unclear manner, there is also the possibility that the cortical language areas can be disturbed in their development (migration disorders and abnormal asymmetry) due to genetic or epigenetic hormonal and/or immunological factors, so that the normal left hemispheric dominance does not develop. The diagnosis and treatment of dyslexia should begin at an early age and should be acknowledged as being of great social importance.","PeriodicalId":75409,"journal":{"name":"Acta paedopsychiatrica","volume":"56 3","pages":"157-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19073026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Katamnestic studies on dyslexia. 阅读障碍的记忆学研究。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

U Strehlow

引用次数: 0

Verbal information processing in dyslexia--data from a follow-up experiment of neuro-psychological aspects and EEG. 阅读障碍的言语信息加工——来自神经心理和脑电图随访实验的数据。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

A Warnke, H Remschmidt, K Hennighausen

引用次数: 0

Children with specific reading retardation--early determinants and long-term outcome. 特殊阅读障碍儿童——早期决定因素和长期结果。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

G Esser, M H Schmidt

{"title":"Children with specific reading retardation--early determinants and long-term outcome.","authors":"G Esser, M H Schmidt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In a prospective epidemiological longitudinal study of children (n = 399) from age 8 to 18 years, children with specific reading retardation (n = 37) were identified by the modified Research Diagnostic Criteria of ICD-10. The group with specific reading retardation was compared with a group with other specific developmental disorders (n = 62), a group of children with normal intelligence (n = 285) and a group of children with below average intelligence (n = 15). No correlation was found between reading retardation and pre- and perinatal complications. Children with reading retardation suffered from environment-related stress factors in early childhood and adverse familial conditions at 8 years and the educational level of the mother was significantly lower. The number of additional psychiatric symptoms was increased at ages 8, 13 and 18. Conduct disorders, in particular, were more frequent in children with specific reading retardation and the rate of juvenile delinquency was increased (25%). The non-verbal intelligence remained constant between ages 8 and 13, and spelling performance developed parallel to the control group with normal intelligence. Only one out of three showed a significant improvement in spelling ability.","PeriodicalId":75409,"journal":{"name":"Acta paedopsychiatrica","volume":"56 3","pages":"229-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18529696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive and social dysfunction in childhood autism: a neuropsychological and physiological approach. 儿童自闭症的认知和社会功能障碍:一种神经心理学和生理学方法。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

C Barthélémy, J L Adrien, B Garreau, P Guérin, G Lelord

引用次数: 0

Reliability of the KIDIES for diagnosing pervasive developmental disorder in children. 儿童普遍发育障碍诊断的可靠性。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

P V Trad, T Shapiro, M Hertzig, D Bernstein

引用次数: 0

Child-welfare recommendations in contested divorce and separation cases. Critical family situations and problematical behavior patterns on the part of parents and children. 有争议的离婚和分居案件中的儿童福利建议。危急的家庭状况和父母和孩子有问题的行为模式。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

G Klosinski, R Boos, E Eichner, D Röcker

引用次数: 0

Dyslexia and dyscalculia in children--risks, early precursors, bottlenecks and cognitive mechanisms. 儿童阅读障碍和计算障碍——风险、早期前兆、瓶颈和认知机制。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

H Lyytinen, T Ahonen, P Räsänen

引用次数: 0

Reflections of testicular damage on psychosexual development in adolescent males who survived childhood malignancies. 睾丸损伤对儿童期恶性肿瘤幸存者的性心理发展的影响。

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1994-01-01

P Ropponen, V Aalberg, J Rautonen, M A Siimes

{"title":"Reflections of testicular damage on psychosexual development in adolescent males who survived childhood malignancies.","authors":"P Ropponen, V Aalberg, J Rautonen, M A Siimes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We studied testicular growth and psychosexual development in 41 young males who had survived malignancies in childhood. The focus of the study was evaluation of the connection between the possible pathologies of these two phenomena. The size of the testicles was measured in millilitres and compared with reference values. The psychosexual development was evaluated using three approaches: the interviewer's evaluation, the patient's subjective assessment and information gained by specific questions. On the basis of the developmental theory of adolescence described by Blos, the appropriate development in each criterion was defined. Our results indicated that both psychosexual and somatic development were impaired. A significant relationship existed between testicular size and three criteria assessed by the patients: the patients who felt that their pubertal development was different from that of their peers, those who felt that their developmental failures were related to their personal medical histories, and those who did not feel that they had the ability to have sexual intercourse and/or children. The last group had significantly smaller testicles than the others. We speculate that the perception of the small size of testicles may trigger the psychological experiences of failed development, leading to narcissistic problems in adolescent development. In order to prevent these harmful consequences it will be necessary for different specialists to work together with the families and patients.","PeriodicalId":75409,"journal":{"name":"Acta paedopsychiatrica","volume":"56 4","pages":"273-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18971538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacotherapy and behaviour therapy--competition or cooperation? 药物治疗和行为治疗——竞争还是合作?

Acta paedopsychiatrica Pub Date : 1993-01-01

H van Engeland

引用次数: 0