Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum最新文献

{"title":"Infrared radiation and cataract.","authors":"E Lydahl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was undertaken to determine if occupational exposure to infrared (IR) radiation increases the risk of developing cataract. The study includes epidemiologic investigations of two groups of workers exposed to IR radiation and two groups of non IR-exposed controls. The first investigation included 208 iron and steel workers and 208 controls. For each of the workers, the lifetime IR-exposure was calculated with the help of occupational interviews and measurements of the IR-exposure to their eyes in their jobs. Eye examinations including a detailed slit lamp examination of the lens were made. Exposed persons and controls were examined randomly. Wedge shaped opacities, a common type of senile lens opacity, were found in 32% of IR-exposed workers 60 years and older and in 12% of controls of the same age. In younger age groups there was no significant difference between exposed and controls regarding the presence of lens opacities. The second investigation included 209 IR-exposed glass workers and 298 controls. Workers over 50 years of age and with at least 20 years of occupational IR-exposure were included. Special care was taken to include retired workers. Exposure determinations and ophthalmological examinations were made in the same way as in the first study. The eye examinations of the glass workers showed that 16% of glass workers over 70 years of age had been operated for cataract compared to 1% of controls of the same age. In neither of the two studies was it possible to detect a dose-effect correlation. The exposure measurements showed that the maximal doses in both the iron and the glass industry are about the same. There are, however, a large number of jobs in the iron and steel industry that give low doses while most jobs in the glass works give high exposures. Cataract was found to be more common in the left than in the right eye. Measurements of the exposure to the two eyes separately also showed that the left eye in some working moments is exposed to higher irradiances than the right. A family history of cataract was found to increase the risk for the development of cataract in glass workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"166 ","pages":"1-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17157957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergophthalmology. Occupational ophthalmology and the ergonomics of vision.","authors":"B Tengroth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"161 ","pages":"13-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17390200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabbit eye exposure to broad-spectrum fluorescent light.","authors":"D G Pitts,&nbsp;J P Bergmanson,&nbsp;L W Chu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two F40CW fluorescent lamps mounted in an EYS-2404 fixture and 300 nm, 5 nm waveband UV radiation were used to expose pigmented rabbit eyes. The results of the exposures to the eye were evaluated with the biomicroscope, ophthalmoscope, light microscope and electron microscope. The following conclusions were reached: The adverse ocular responses to fluorescent radiation exposure were due to long-duration, broadband radiation. These reactions were more generalized for fluorescent exposures when the cornea and lens are compared to UV exposures. The differences between the levels of threshold exposure needed to cause damage for the fluorescent source and UV radiation were attributed to exposure duration and the rate of delivery of the radiation. Corneal and lenticular damage was mild when compared with UV 300 nm exposures, and the threshold occurred after 8 h to 12 h of exposure. The effect of the radiation was to interfere with the normal functions of the cell while changes to the inert materials in the tissues was secondary to injury to the cell. The damage was mild in the corneal epithelium, somewhat more severe in the corneal endothelium, but minimal in the corneal stroma. Early retinal changes were found after 8 h of exposure to the fluorescent source. These induced changes were evident in the neural retina as spaces and were assumed to represent oedema. The retinal oedema was initially found only in the receptor cell, outer nuclear and nerve fibre layers. Many vacuoles or spaces were located in the junctional area between the ganglion cell and nerve fibre layers while smaller spacing occurred also within the nerve fibre layer. Twelve h of exposure to the fluorescent source produced a further increase in the oedema in the retina. The outer segments of the receptor cells appear to disintegrate and significant open spaces are evident among the inner and outer segments of the receptors. The inner plexiform layer shows an increased number of spaces within and among the neural elements, and the mitochondria appeared to be undergoing changes. The 20-h and longer exposure induced severe changes affecting all layers of the retina. These changes include massive retinal oedema with degenerative signs in all retinal neurons. A sympathetic reaction of the unexposed, contralateral eye occurred as the result of the damage to the exposed eye. Minimal sympathetic responses to the cornea and the lens began at exposure durations at or above 12 h, while the retina showed the sympathetic reaction beginning at 8 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"159 ","pages":"1-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17380063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the effect of 4-methylpyrazole on retinal activity in the methanol poisoned monkey by recording the electroretinogram.","authors":"S O Ingemansson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"158 ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17378594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visually guided behaviour of cats in the absence of retino-geniculo-cortical pathways.","authors":"K Norrsell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visually guided behaviour was studied in cats after various lesions of the central nervous system in order to obtain further information about the functional capacity and developmental plasticity of subcortical visual areas. Hemidecortications were made in all cats either within 5 days of birth (neonatal) or more than one year after birth (adult). In addition the optic chiasm was transected at another time in some cats, or the optic tract contralateral to the hemidecortication in the other cats. Visual behaviour was investigated with several tests: Locomotion among obstacles (free field). Search for openings of chambers (labyrinth). Jumping from/between boxes of different heights (jumpbox). Object vision and visual field (fish-picking cage). Visual learning (T-maze). Pupillary light reactions. Visual placing reactions. Reactions to moving visual stimuli. The hemidecortications caused different visual defects for the adults and the neonatals, which in addition showed varying prominence depending on type of test. All cats showed defects which were caused by hemianopia. Less defects were found in the free field, labyrinth and jumpbox tests for the neonatals compared to the adults. The difference is attributed to a better ability of the neonatals to utilize subcortical visual areas for visual orientation in space. The subsequent optic chiasm or optic tract sections permitted comparison between the functional capacity of crossed and uncrossed retinal fibres to subcortical structures. The uncrossed fibres were found to be unable to maintain any visually guided behaviour even for the above described neonatals. It appears likely that the better vision of the neonatally hemidecorticated cats was mediated via crossed retinal fibres to subcortical structures. It was eventually possible to demonstrate visually guided behaviour which was mediated via subcortical structures also in the adult hemidecorticated cats in the T-maze. The residual vision consisted of an ability to discriminate contrast differences. The present findings emphasize the potential functional importance of subcortical visual areas in the cat, especially after early brain damage. The differential findings from the different tests have shown the limitations of single test investigations. The presence of learnt visual behaviour in the absence of spontaneous visual behaviour for individual animals of this study advocates for greater use of spontanous behaviour for investigations of visual defects caused by brain lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"160 ","pages":"1-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17380064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early visual development normal and abnormal. Proceedings of a symposium, Resource Centre for Visually Handicapped Children, Tomtebodaskolan, Solna, Sweden, March 25-26, 1982.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"157 ","pages":"1-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17366180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical treatment of strabismus. A retrospective investigation of results of surgical treatment of horizontal strabismus.","authors":"A M Paakkala","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"156 ","pages":"1-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17355569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on humoral immunity and HLA antigens in multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis and hereditary optic atrophy.","authors":"L Stendahl-Brodin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"149 ","pages":"5-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17344455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typologia histologica WHO tumorum oculi eiusque adnexorum, Latine reddita numerisque disposita. A Latin translation and coded compendium of the World Health Organization's Histological typing of tumours of the eye and its adnexa.","authors":"S R Andersen,&nbsp;O Litriĉin,&nbsp;L H Sobin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"154 ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17352905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specular microscopic investigations on the corneal endothelium and its involvement in corneal oedema.","authors":"T Olsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75402,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica. Supplementum","volume":"155 ","pages":"1-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17352906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}