Acta neurologica latinoamericana最新文献

{"title":"[Ischemic cerebral vascular pathology. History and updating].","authors":"J B Gomensoro,&nbsp;V Maslenikov,&nbsp;D Domínguez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a contribution to the memory of Professor Román Arana Iñíguez. He, with Professor Néstor Azambuja made possible our participation, in the Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion from the National Institutes of Health, with 23 U.S. Universities. This research was started on March 1963 and ended on June 1971. It was directed by Dr. Arana, who gave impetus to our work and to our active participation on the subject at meetings held in Uruguay and abroad. A brief historiography of the subject is made, with emphasis in the chronology of our advances as compared to those of other leading countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11785497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alexia without agraphia (clinicotomographic correlation)].","authors":"R Leiguarda,&nbsp;R Carrea","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two cases of alexia without agraphia, one due to a cerebrovascular accident which improved spontaneously and the other in a cerebral abscess partially recovered after surgical treatment are presented. Both were anatomically verified by computed tomography. The second was also verified at surgery. A small well localized lesion of the fusiform and lingual gyri in the dominant hemisphere can lead to alexia without agraphia. The lack of involvement of the optic radiation and calcarine fissure explain the abscence of visual field defects and hence the purest type of this syndrome as shown in our first case. The involvement of the splenium of the corpus calosus and related forceps majors seems essential for a long lasting reading defect. The integrity of the dorsal or superior splenium is responsible for the abscence of the color warning defect found on about 30% of the cases of pure word blindness. The severity and ultimate progression of the alexia will depend not only upon the extension of the dominant occipital lesion but of its association with the damage of other possible pathways. A slowly growing and potentially treatable expanding lesion, as in our second case, can also produce an almost pure form of the syndrome. It appears to us that the wider use of CT will allow on the near future will lead to a better knowledge of the anatomical lesions and a better understanding of this fascinating syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"89-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11785499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Campimetric changes in optic radiation lesions].","authors":"J C Christensen,&nbsp;A Texier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual field defects may be congruous or not in lesions affecting the optic radiation. This fact, and the macular sparing found in some cases, can be explained if the optic radiation is envisaged as formed by three layers, the superficial corresponding to homolateral peripheral vision, the intermediate to contralateral peripheral vision, and the deepest to central vision from both hemimaculae. The fibers of all these layers fan out sequentially, first the more superficial, then the deeper, around the posterior part of the lateral ventricles, following a longitudinal plane of divergence in their way to area 17. The progressive displacement, upwards and downwards, of the thick fibers transmitting peripheral vision, leave out finally the thin fibers for central vision as the sole constituents of the central and terminal part of the optic radiation. As supporting evidence of this conception we have the fact that if the optic radiation is encroached on from its outer side (as it generally happens for reasons stated in the full text) visual field defects tend to be larger in the homolateral field. This holds true for temporal and parietal lesions, and to a lesser degree for occipital lesions. Deep lesions (for instance intraventricular tumours) tend to affect first the deeper strata of the optic radiation (macular vision and/or contralateral quadrants of peripheral vision). The schematic drawings presented allow us to understand how a temporal lesion may produce: a) no visual field defect, b) an upper homonimous quadrantopsia, c) a lower homonimous quandrantopsia, d) a homonimous hemianopsia; and that these field defects can be either congruent or uncongruous. Deep parietal lesions will produce visual field defects in the lower quadrants, which may be congrous or not. As the visual fibers for macular vision are deeply located in the optic radiation, forming a thin but wide layer in the vertical plane, they cannot be affected to a significative extent without the more superficial fibers for peripheral vision being also affected to an even greater extent. Due to the width and depth of this macular layer even in extensive lesions of the optic radiation some of its fibers can escape injury. This can explain macular sparing in some cases without resorting to hypothetical bilateral macular representation which is deemed unacceptable. Anatomical data and clinical examples are given which lend support to all these contentions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"215-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11785496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial aneurysms.","authors":"C G Drake","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modern history of the management of intracranial aneurysm encompasses little more than a quarter century. These are seen in 5% routine autopsies and those under 2 mm exist in 17% normal adult brain vasculature. One third of strokes are SAH and aneurysms account for 70% of these. Aneurysms rupture at a rate of 12/100.000 population/year, mostly on the 5th, and 6th decades. Given the high morbidity and mortality of these (43% from first haemorrhage if untreated), surgeons can attempt to avoid rebleeding for a week or more until surgery becomes safe and expand the ability to deal safely with most of them regardless of size or position. Early surgery has still an unacceptable morbidity and operation is usually planned between the 6th and 10th day after the first bleed. Early surgery is only indicated when there is a clot and deterioration. Conservative measures are reduction of blood pressure and use of antifibrinolysins and some minor surgical means whose practicality is still unknown. The recognition of warning leaks must be one of the significant factors for future treatment. Several surgical adjuncts are of considerable value, i.e., brain shrinking agents, microsurgical technique, induced hypotension. Aneurisms are classified as: small (less than 12 mm) large or bulbous (12-25 mm) and giant (greater than 25 mm). From 326 of small vertebral-basilar aneurysms the results were excellent in 246, good in 35, poor in 26 and 19 died. From 71 basilar aneurysms only 6 died, the results being excellent in 42, good in 10 and poor in 13. The management of giant anterior circulation (Table III) and posterior circulation (Table IV) aneurysms, involved various surgical procedures including carotid, middle cerebral, vertebral and basilar artery ligation, neck occlusion, wrapping or coating, as an overall result the outcome was good in 52 out of 63 gicunt anterior circulation giant aneurysms but was bad in 48 out of 91 posterior circulation giant aneurysms. The best results were obtained with 7 carotid-cavernous aneurysms (all good) and the worse results with 17 giant aneurysms of the basilar trunk at the superior cerebellar artery (11 poor, 6 good). A technique for the percutaneous occlusion of the basilar artery with a plastic Rommel type tourniquet is described (Fig 3). This allows the occlusion under local anesthesia. It has been used in 10 cases with 2 deaths STA-MCA by-pass proved to be useful for the progressive occlusion of the MCA in 3 cases of giant middle cerebral aneurysms.</p>","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"43-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11586141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Román Arana Iñíguez (biographical sketch of a disciple)].","authors":"E Wilson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"7-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11586142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[In the boundaries of aphasia].","authors":"C Mendilaharsu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anatomical boundaries of those structures whose lesion leads to the disturbances of language are indistintic and largely exceed the classical \"areas of language\", including subcortical structures as the thalamus and the non-dominant hemisphere. It is equally indistinct the possibility of definition of aphasic disturbances. On one hand aphasia can be seen within the realm of decodification, as a failure of a mental rather than of a verbal process, close to dementia, while among the codification mechanisms motor aphasia can appear a syndrome of phonetic desintegration with component of apraxic, dystonic and paretic nature. Esquizophasia and agrammatism are two examples of those peculiar disturbances of language. The correlation between disturbances of language and of intelligence is another frontier of aphasies where a causal relationship appears to be well established. Aphasias, interpreted in the beginnings as anatomically localized well defined disturbances of function, are now seen both anatomically and functionally, as a process with indistinct and mixed boundarie related to other equally illimited and indistinct functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"69-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11785498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Atrophy of the hippocampus of vascular origin. Clinico-pneumoencephalographic study].","authors":"V Maslenikov,&nbsp;S Acevedo de Mendilaharsu,&nbsp;N Azambuja","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among 20 patients with symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency, dissociation between memory disturbances and cognitive functions, and PEG studies, there were 13 cases showing atrophy of the hippocampus. The neurological and psychological studies included memory functions tests, IQ, and the analysis of language and praxia. Complementary tests included standard EEG records, EEGs obtained with nasopharingeal electrodes and PEG tomography with selective filling of both temporal horns, in order to demonstrate the inner and lower surface of the temporal lobes. The volume of the Ammon horn was reduced in 13 cases. Hippocampal atrophy was unilateral in 11 patients and bilateral in 2. The fact that hippocampal atrophy was demonstrated by PEG studies in 13 out of 20 cases, appears to be highly significant. This clinico-neuroradiological correlation seems to indicate that hippocampal atrophy, following ischemia in the deep distal vertebro-basilar-posterior cerebral territory, disturbs the function of axial structures (Papez circuit or limbic system) apparently leading to the disturbances of memory functions observed in this group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"103-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11784724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paths and ways of epilepsy.","authors":"F Torres","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance assigned to different brain sites for the initiation and conduction of epileptic activity has changed with times, the significant zones being somehow alternatively the cerebral cortex and various centrencephalic structures. Rather than renew this controversy, the available experimental evidence indicating that for the production of epilepsy, the entire brain, or at least several structures and not only discrete cortical or subcortical focal areas must participate, is critically reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"129-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11437218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of unit pairs in the hippocampus.","authors":"E García Austt,&nbsp;W Buño,&nbsp;J L García Sánchez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unit pairs were recorded from dorsal hippocampus in curarized rats injected with physostigmine, during spontaneous activity and stimulation of hippocampal afferents. Interactions between neurons and with the theta (theta) rhythm were investigated with statistical procedures which included: autocorrelations, crossocorrelations, peristimulus-time-histograms (PSTHs) and joint-peristimulus-scatter-diagrams (JPSs). Three types of pairs were found: (1) theta pairs, with rhythmical bursting units phaselocked with theta; (2) non-theta pairs, having non-rhythmical cells; and (3) mixed pairs. Theta pairs showed periodical crossrelation between units which fired in phase or out of phase. Non-theta pairs could interact or not. Many interacting non-theta pairs showed a degree of phaselocking with theta. Mixed pairs were rare, but when interacting they always revealed positive periodical crosscorrelations. Stimulus-elicited phase relationships (reset) and rhythmical interactions within the theta pairs suggest a common source for their rhythmicity and reset. In related non-theta pairs the stimulus usually modified their interactions suggesting loose functional connections.</p>","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"23 1-4","pages":"141-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11437219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Changes of the function of the vertical gaze in ganglional hemorrhage. Reconsiderations and its topographic and physiopathological value].","authors":"M D Bottinelli,&nbsp;J A Purriel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75394,"journal":{"name":"Acta neurologica latinoamericana","volume":"22 1-4","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12233469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}