Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced Bayesian Spline Regression Approach for Modelling Trends in Infections Caused by Pathogens Commonly Transmitted Through Food.","authors":"Daniel L Weller, Samantha Sevilla, Ethan Hetrick, Erica Billig Rose, Joshua Forstedt, Jason Caravas, Logan C Ray, Daniel C Payne, Molly K Steele, Robert M Hoekstra, Beau B Bruce","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2025-0030","DOIUrl":"10.15212/zoonoses-2025-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) monitors illnesses caused by enteric pathogens at 10 U.S. sites to track progress toward federal disease reduction goals. The original trends frequentist model was developed to overcome statistical complications associated with FoodNet's catchment expansion during 1996-2004 but did not account for site-specific trends and treated year as a categorical variable. It was therefore sensitive to noise and single-year events, and shaped by trends in more populous sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper describes an enhanced Bayesian model that overcomes these challenges by treating year as continuous, including an interaction between year and site, and using splines to better capture non-linear trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The enhanced model generates improved uncertainty estimates, can estimate incidence for years not represented by the surveillance dataset, and is dataset-agnostic. By publishing a pipeline for running the enhanced model, it can be readily adapted (i) for modeling trends in individual sites or among specific populations; (ii) for use with alternative datasets; and (iii) to include additional covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FoodNet generates the most up-to-date and highest-resolution enteric disease surveillance data in the United States. Publishing the pipeline for implementing this model improves methodologic transparency, and makes FoodNet data more accessible and available for guiding public health action in the near-real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13055632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humoral Immune Response to <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> Infection: Recent Research Findings and Future Studies.","authors":"Casey Gonzales, Lynn Soong","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2025-0020","DOIUrl":"10.15212/zoonoses-2025-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> (<i>Ot</i>), an intracellular bacterium in the family Rickettsiaceae, is the etiological agent of scrub typhus. An understanding of immunologic responses to <i>Ot</i> infection, particularly immunity after infection, has remained a major gap of knowledge in the field. While it is known that anti-<i>Ot</i> IgG in infected humans seems to be short-lived, recent studies have reported autoreactive IgM antibodies in scrub typhus patients, including antibodies reactive against nuclear components, DNA, and platelets. Yet, mechanistic studies of B cell responses in the secondary lymphoid organs of human patients are severely lacking. This article highlights feasible methods to investigate important aspects of humoral immunity and details avenues to obtain samples from post-mortem and ante-mortem <i>Ot</i>-infected patients. A pioneer study identified the antibodies were protective against homologous <i>Ot</i> challenge. Comparative studies for the humoral immune responses to <i>Ot</i> Karp versus Gilliam strains have revealed the impairment of B cell and germinal center responses during severe, but not self-limiting infection in C57BL/6 mice. Further studies are needed, particularly in scrub typhus patients, to help understand and define deficiencies in the acute B cell response and long-lived humoral immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAJOR LIVESTOCK-ASSOCIATED ZOONOSES IN MONGOLIA: AN OVERVIEW.","authors":"Oyu Tsogtbayar, Bolor Munkhbayarlakh, Namuun Dorjsurenkhor, Gregory C Gray","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2025-0007","DOIUrl":"10.15212/zoonoses-2025-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mongolia's unique socio-economic and geographical characteristics, including its vast grasslands and reliance on traditional livestock herding, create significant risks for the emergence and transmission of novel zoonotic pathogens. With a livestock population exceeding 64 million, close interactions between humans and animals are integral to the livelihoods of rural communities, heightening the risk of zoonotic pathogen transmission. Major livestock-associated zoonoses in Mongolia, such as brucellosis, tuberculosis, anthrax, and rabies, significantly impact humans, livestock, and the economy. Traditional practices, such as the consumption of raw or unpasteurized animal products, and challenges like climate change, limited access to veterinary services, and nomadic herding, exacerbate these risks. Some collaborative zoonotic pathogen control strategies involving health and veterinary sectors have been implemented, including surveillance programs, and vaccination efforts. However, gaps remain in disease management, surveillance, and public education. Strengthening infrastructure and adopting a One Health approach is critical to mitigating zoonotic pathogen risks for both humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OROPOUCHE VIRUS: MORE QUESTIONS THAN ANSWERS.","authors":"Eduardo Jurado-Cobena","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"10.15212/zoonoses-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oropouche virus (genus <i>Orthobunyavirus</i>, family <i>Peribunyaviridae</i>) is an arthropod-borne virus that infects several species of animals and humans mostly in South America. Despite being described as a human pathogen over 60 years ago, little progress has been made towards the ecological and pathological aspects of this pathogen. However, with recent viral spread northward reaching Haiti and Cuba, it has been receiving more attention, evidenced by the growing number of relevant research articles. This commentary article provides the summary of the potential natural reservoirs and the expansion of endemic regions within the context of One Health. The clinical aspects of the human infection are revisited and discussed based on the latest evidence. The article briefly review research on the molecular virology and the pathology, highlighting unanswered questions crucial for comprehensive understanding of this viral disease, which imposes a significant burden on the affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Analysis of Cross-Species Sequence Variability in Host Interferon Antiviral Pathway Proteins and SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility.","authors":"Sally A Mayasich, Peter G Schumann, Maxwell Botz, Carlie A LaLone","doi":"10.15212/ZOONOSES-2024-0028","DOIUrl":"10.15212/ZOONOSES-2024-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zoonotic transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been found to result in infections in more than 30 mammalian species. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to the host's angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell surface receptor to gain entry into the cell. ACE2 protein sequence conservation has therefore been evaluated across species, and species with amino acid substitutions in ACE2 were ranked low for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, many of these species have become infected by the virus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the conservation of 24 host protein targets, including the entry proteins ACE2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2); 21 proteins in the interferon-I (IFN-I) antiviral response pathway; and tethrin, a protein that suppresses new virion release from cells. Bioinformatics approaches including Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS), Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), and iCn3D software were used to compare protein sequence similarity, conserved domains, and critical amino acids for host-viral protein-protein interactions. The types of bonding interactions were scored, and the results were compared with empirical data indicating which species have or have not become infected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This pathway approach revealed that 1) 13 proteins were conserved, whereas five lacked data sufficient to determine specific critical amino acids; 2) variation in protein-protein interfaces is tolerated for many amino acid substitutions, and these substitutions follow taxonomic clades rather than correlating with empirically determined species infection status; and 3) four proteins (MDA5, NEMO, IRF3, and ISG15) contained potential domains or specific amino acids whose substitution may result in PPI disruption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work provides evidence that certain substitutions in four IFN-I antiviral pathway proteins appear able to disrupt interactions and may be distinctive to resistant species, thus potentially aiding in determining species' likelihood of transmitting SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12973230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Infectious Diseases in December 2022: Monthly Analysis","authors":"Qi Xiang, Taihan Li, Minjing He, Shuqiong Zhang, Yi Luo, Jiazhen Zou, Guodan Li, Qun Su, Shiping He, Wenjin Yu, Dayong Gu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2022-1005","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence and reoccurrence of infectious diseases constitute a significant threat to human health. Data for this paper were mainly obtained from official websites, such as the WHO and national CDC websites. The report summarizes and analyzes information on infectious diseases for early outbreak monitoring from 24 November to 23 December 2022. Monkeypox cases declined in December 2022 with few deaths, while cholera infections have increased in African regions and war-torn countries. Most sub-Saharan countries are affected by insect-borne diseases, such as dengue, Lassa, and chikungunya fever.","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135695047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Pattern Recognition Receptors in Innate Immunity to Obligate Intracellular Bacteria.","authors":"James R Fisher,&nbsp;Zachary D Chroust,&nbsp;Florence Onyoni,&nbsp;Lynn Soong","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article PMC8909792.].</p>","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10156068/pdf/nihms-1889820.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9415104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Coordinating Research on Emerging Arboviral Threats Encompassing the Neotropics (CREATE-NEO).","authors":"Nikos Vasilakis, Kathryn A Hanley","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0047","DOIUrl":"10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arthropod-borne viruses, such as dengue, Zika and Mayaro, are emerging at an accelerating rate in the neotropics. The <b>C</b>oordinating <b>R</b>esearch on <b>E</b>merging <b>A</b>rboviral <b>T</b>hreats <b>E</b>ncompassing the <b>Neo</b>tropics (CREATE-NEO) project, a part of the NIH funded Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases (CREID) network provides a nimble and flexible network of surveillance sites in Central and South America coupled to cutting-edge modeling approaches in order to anticipate and counter these threats to public health. Collected data and generated models will be utilized to inform and alert local, regional and global public health agencies of enzootic arboviruses with high risk of spillover, emergence and transmission among humans, and/or international spread. Critically, CREATE-NEO builds capacity <i>in situ</i> to anticipate, detect and respond to emerging arboviruses at their point of origin, thereby maximizing the potential to avert full-blown emergence and widespread epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586723/pdf/nihms-1893350.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49686052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAN342K Mutation Enhances the Pathogenicity of Influenza B Virus in Mice","authors":"Qi Chen, Xiaohao Xu, Min Tan, Lei Yang, Dayan Wang, Yuelong Shu, Wenfei Zhu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Influenza B virus is a significant respiratory pathogen responsible for seasonal influenza. In recent years the B/Yamagata lineage has demonstrated a rapid increase, predominantly featuring the neuraminidase (NA) N342K mutation. This study determined the impact of the NA N342K mutation on the pathogenicity of influenza B virus and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Gene fragments with specific mutations were generated using site-directed mutagenesis PCR, resulting in recombinant viruses (rAH127 and rAH127/NA N342K ). C57BL/6 mice were infected to evaluate the impact of amino acid mutations on virus pathogenicity. Body weight, survival rate, virus replication, and lung pathology were compared among the groups. NA enzyme activity was assessed to determine the mechanisms underlying the effects of amino acid mutations on the pathogenicity of influenza B virus. Results: The NA N342K mutant virus exhibited significantly increased NA enzyme activity (3.19-fold) and viral replication capacity in MDCK cells (6.76-fold) compared to wild-type virus. These changes led to enhanced pathogenicity in mice, characterized by severe weight loss, increased mortality, and heightened lung tissue inflammation. Conclusions: The NA N342K mutation likely enhances virus replication and pathogenicity by increasing NA enzyme activity. These findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying influenza B virus pathogenicity and have implications for targeted therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Infectious Diseases in August 2023: A Monthly Analysis","authors":"Jiawen Huang, Yi Luo, Jiazhen Zou, Yufan Wu, Yinfu Sun, Qi Xiang, Minjing He, Shuqiong Zhang, Wenjin Yu, Qun Su, Taihan Li, Dayong Gu","doi":"10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/zoonoses-2023-1009","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases frequently affect children and adults worldwide. Owing to their specific biology and mode of transmission, the presence of infected individuals or carriers in a region often leads to outbreaks of the disease in that region, and in severe cases, to the death of the infected individual. Infectious diseases have been one of the main causes of mass disability or death in humans for centuries. Surveillance of infectious diseases on a continental scale is therefore important for assessing, recognizing, and preventing the risks that these diseases may pose to animal and human health on a global scale. This report focuses on global infectious disease outbreaks and systematically summarises the timing and location of outbreaks in infected populations between 24 July and 23 August 2023 based on the Global Outbreak Information Surveillance System (GOSIS) of Shusi Technologies.","PeriodicalId":75363,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses (Burlington, Mass.)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}