Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"Relationship Between Vaginal Microbiome and Preterm Birth During Pregnancy: In Different Ethnic Populations.","authors":"Chong Fan, Yuhan Zhang, Jingjing Zhang, Chenyang Xu, XinYan Wang, Yuru Fan","doi":"10.1177/26884844261471777","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261471777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of preterm birth (PTB) varies and remains stubbornly high across different countries and regions. Besides, PTB can lead to a wide range of maternal and infant complications and even death in severe cases. Despite the severity of the consequences of PTB, the exact causes of morbidity remain unclear. In the past few years, with the development of the microbiome, a growing body of research focuses on the impact of vaginal microbiome (VMB) on PTB. Moreover, accumulating studies have suggested that the VMB plays a crucial role in the development of PTB. In addition, the VMB varies greatly in different populations. Therefore, in this review, we describe the normal VMB in women with or without pregnancy. Subsequently, we highlight differences in the VMB among ethnically diverse PTB populations. Overall, understanding the relationship between the VMB and PTB in different populations is essential for developing targeted interventions and personalized approaches to reduce the risk of PTB. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the specific microbial patterns and mechanisms underlying this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261471777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within Sex Differences from a Clinical Trial of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder Among a Nontreatment Sample.","authors":"Anna Beth Parlier-Ahmad, Nicole Boss, Michelle Eglovitch, Amber R Green, Caitlin E Martin, Lori Keyser-Marcus, Dace S Svikis","doi":"10.1177/26884844261465225","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261465225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been rising faster among women than among men, women remain less likely than men to receive any treatment. The present study examined acceptability and usability of digital cognitive behavioral therapy computer based training for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT) by sex and explored within-sex associations between study condition and AUD outcomes in a nontreatment-seeking sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exploratory analyses used data from a clinical trial of CBT4CBT for AUD among an online sample of people with lifetime AUD who were not receiving AUD treatment (<i>N</i> = 160 total; females: <i>n</i> = 83 cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], <i>n</i> = 26 contro [Co]; males: <i>n</i> = 39 CBT, <i>n</i> = 12 Co). Study assessments were administered at baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up and included self-reported alcohol use, recovery, and acceptability measures. Sex differences and within-sex comparisons were assessed using <i>t</i>-tests, chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, and sex-stratified random-effects regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female participants were 44.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 15.8) years of age, and the majority were White (73.4%). Male participants were 38.8 (SD = 15.1) years of age and were primarily White (47.1%) or Black (43.1%). The percentage of participants with heavy drinking days was lower in the CBT4CBT group among female participants at postintervention and among male participants at the 1-month follow-up. Random-effects regressions indicated a significant intervention effect on the percentage of drinking days among female participants. CBT4CBT acceptability and usability were high across sexes, barring a few exceptions specifically among female participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both male and female participants experienced significant intervention effects. Acceptability data and within-sex associations between study condition and outcomes identified potential areas for improving online alcohol interventions for women.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261465225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prenatal Pandemic-Related Traumatic Stress.","authors":"Mandisa Keswa, Nina Oberman, Joanna Stark, Amy Margolis, Charles F Quesenberry, Kathryn Ridout, Lyndsay A Avalos","doi":"10.1177/26884844261471800","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261471800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and have long-term effects on regulation, stress, and health. Given the heightened physiological and psychological vulnerability of pregnancy, early life adversity may increase susceptibility to traumatic stress during crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate associations between maternal ACE exposure and prenatal pandemic-related traumatic stress (PTS) measured by symptom count and domains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis included baseline data collected from a longitudinal cohort of 424 pregnant individuals receiving prenatal care in Kaiser Permanente Northern California between August 2020 and April 2021. ACEs were measured with the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire and dichotomized ≥3 versus <3 exposures, and by type (abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, violence in home). PTS was evaluated using the 9-item PTS Scale, capturing intrusion, avoidance, arousal, and dissociation. Linear and log-binomial regression models estimated associations between ACEs and PTS, adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with ≥3 ACEs reported more traumatic stress symptoms (mean difference [MD]: 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6,1.7) and significantly higher PTS scores (MD: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.0,5.0). After adjustment, higher ACE exposure was associated with elevated intrusion (risk ratio [RR]: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.34-3.07) and dissociation (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.26-1.88) symptoms. Abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction were independently associated with higher total prenatal PTS scores; abuse and neglect were associated with increased dissociative symptoms, and household dysfunction was associated with higher intrusion and arousal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher ACE exposure was associated with increased prenatal PTS, with distinct risk patterns across ACE domains. Findings underscore the importance of trauma-informed, ACE-aware prenatal care models, especially during public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261471800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148650056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-Dependent Efficacy of a Combined Standardized Extract of Fenugreek and Shatavari on Menopausal Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Roopa Nanjangud Kashinath, Vidya Vishwanath Bhat, Abhijeet Morde, Lincy Joshua, Jestin V Thomas","doi":"10.1177/26884844261465161","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261465161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of Fenavari, a novel formulation of standardized <i>Asparagus racemosus</i> and <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>, in alleviating menopausal symptoms in women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study enrolled women aged 40-60 years with menopausal symptoms. A total of 150 participants were randomized (1:1:1) to receive Fenavari 300 mg, Fenavari 500 mg, or placebo once daily for 84 days. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, mood using the Profile of Mood States, and anxiety using the Beck Anxiety Inventory at baseline and Days 14, 28, 56, and 84. Hormonal parameters (serum estradiol, progesterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) were measured at baseline and on Days 56 and 84. Safety and laboratory assessments were conducted throughout the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 138 participants completed the study. Both Fenavari 300 mg and 500 mg significantly reduced MRS total scores from Day 14 through Day 84 compared with placebo (Fenavari 300 mg: -8.26 ± 0.46, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; Fenavari 500 mg: -10.40 ± 0.40, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; placebo: -4.09 ± 0.47). Somatic and psychological symptoms improved significantly by Day 84 in both treatment groups, with earlier and greater effects observed in the 500 mg group. Urogenital symptoms showed significant improvement by Day 84 in both groups. Both doses of Fenavari significantly reduced hot flashes and night sweats by Day 84. Significant improvements were also observed in anxiety, sleep quality, and mood by Day 84. Serum estradiol increased significantly with corresponding reductions in FSH by Day 84 compared with placebo. Both doses were well-tolerated with no safety concerns reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fenavari significantly improved menopausal symptoms across somatic, psychological, and vasomotor domains from Day 14 onward, and improved sleep, anxiety, and mood along with favorable hormonal changes and good tolerability, supporting its potential as a safe nonhormonal option for menopause management.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261465161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148655297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivation to Quit Using Cannabis Was Associated with Lower Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women at Risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections.","authors":"Anna Beth Parlier-Ahmad, Brienna Milleson, Ananda Sen, Dongru Chen, Kristina Countryman, Caron Zlotnick, Golfo Tzilos Wernette","doi":"10.1177/26884844261471764","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261471764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis is one of the most common substances used during pregnancy. This study examined motivation to quit cannabis use among pregnant women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a technology-delivered brief motivational intervention targeting sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk behaviors, including substance use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analyses used data from a clinical trial among pregnant adults who screened positive for STI risk behavior (<i>e.g.,</i> sexual behavior and alcohol/drug use risk during pregnancy). Four subscales (autonomous, introjected, external, and amotivation) from the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire assessed motivation for not using cannabis and the timeline follow-back assessed cannabis use at baseline, 2-month, and 6-month follow-up during pregnancy. Mixed logistic regression and negative binomial regression investigated the relationship between motivation and cannabis use (Y/N) and cannabis use days, respectively, with a generalized estimating equations approach after adjusting for age and marital status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 176 participants (mean age: 30.2 [standard deviation = 5.0]; 26% Black), <i>n</i> = 62 (35.2%) reported cannabis use during pregnancy. Participants with cannabis use during pregnancy were more likely to be younger, Black, and have lower socioeconomic status than those with no cannabis use. Higher autonomous, introjected, and amotivation scores were associated with lower odds of cannabis use (<i>p</i> = 0.0003, <i>p</i> = 0.0033, <i>p</i> = 0.0307, respectively). Higher autonomous, introjected, and external regulation scores were associated with fewer average cannabis use days (<i>p</i> = 0.0013, <i>p</i> = 0.0035, <i>p</i> = 0.005, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher levels of motivation are associated with less cannabis use during pregnancy. Given psychosocial barriers to treatment, these findings may support delivery of brief technology-delivered motivational interventions to reduce prenatal cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261471764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148655232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and Feasibility of the VALORA Checklist for Structured Anamnesis in Oral Contraceptive Counseling in Spain: Results from a Survey-Based Pilot Study.","authors":"Josep Perelló-Capo, María Antonia Obiol","doi":"10.1177/26884844261465546","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261465546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a structured anamnesis tool designed to standardize contraceptive counseling, the VALORA checklist, and to assess health care professionals' (HCPs) characteristics, and user characteristics, checklist satisfaction, ease of use, and preferred formats following training.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This observational pilot study included two online surveys completed by 30 HCPs (gynecologists and primary care physicians) across Spain before and after training on the VALORA checklist. The surveys collected data on professional characteristics, aggregated user profiles, checklist use, satisfaction, and perceptions. Comparative analyses assessed changes in checklist implementation and item-level evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before training, checklists were reportedly used in a mean of 54.3% of consultations, increasing to 78.2% post training (median 65% vs. 92.5%; <i>p</i> = 0.031). The improvement in assessing family history of thrombosis (median 100 [50-100] vs. 100 [80-100]; <i>p</i> = 0.005) was statistically significant. Other items with lower baseline implementation, such as liver disease and cholelithiasis, also showed numerical improvement. After training, 60% of HCPs incorporated the VALORA checklist into routine practice, and overall satisfaction was high (86.7% very or totally satisfied). Ease of use was rated positively by 96.7% of HCPs, with 70% preferring an interactive digital format and expressing interest in automated risk assessment and contraceptive recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Training on the VALORA checklist increased the use of structured anamnesis during oral contraceptive counseling and improved the evaluation of underassessed risk factors. High satisfaction and a preference for digital integration suggest the potential for broader adoption. Future studies should explore long-term adherence, user-level outcomes, and digital implementation to optimize safe, individualized contraceptive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261465546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148655271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>\"If Something Goes Sideways with This, I'm Risking my Life\"</i>: Pregnancy Experiences During the Fall of <i>Roe v. Wade</i>.","authors":"Elizabeth A Mosley, Megan E Hamm, Flor A Cameron, Christine Dehlendorf, Lisa S Callegari, Nikki Zite, Galen Switzer, Nicole Luche, Michaella Wu, Samantha Gregory, Sonya Borrero","doi":"10.1177/26884844261465229","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261465229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The <i>Dobbs v. Jackson</i> Supreme Court decision overturned <i>Roe v. Wade</i> and federal abortion protections, resulting in nearly half of U.S. states banning or significantly restricting abortion. Qualitative data are needed to understand how abortion restrictions influence pregnancy perceptions and experiences.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study describes pregnancy perceptions and experiences before and after <i>Dobbs</i>, across states with abortion restrictions and protections, and across individual-level differences in income and age.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>We conducted in-depth interviews with people during pregnancy (<i>n</i> = 31, 28 pre-<i>Dobbs</i>) and a subset of those individuals again during the postpregnancy period (<i>n</i> = 14, all post-<i>Dobbs</i>) from October 2021 to August 2023. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, concept mapped, and coded using MAXQDA 2022. We also conducted across-group comparisons by state abortion policy, income, and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before <i>Dobbs</i>, participants described how abortion accessibility was already compromised in some states. After abortion was banned in restrictive states, participants described feeling dehumanized, criminalized, that their reproductive autonomy was constrained, and that pregnancy carried real risks to their lives. In protective states, participants were grateful they had abortion access but lacked awareness and knowledge about abortion access in other states. Participants explained that <i>Dobbs</i> and abortion restrictions are harming perinatal wellbeing, even for wanted pregnancies. Group comparisons demonstrated that lower income and younger people described greater impacts related to abortion availability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-<i>Dobbs</i> abortion restrictions are negatively impacting the mental and physical well-being of pregnant people, even those with wanted pregnancies. <i>Dobbs</i> could exacerbate existing health inequities for younger and lower-income people.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261465229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148650053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Impacts on Faculty in Academic Health Care: Lessons Learned to Help Navigate the Current National Institutes of Health Financial Crisis.","authors":"Danielle Roubinov, Cristina Calderon, Laura Muratore, Jennifer L Kerns, Reshma Jagsi, Brian Alldredge, Christina Mangurian","doi":"10.1177/26884844261465183","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261465183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 significantly disrupted academic health care, with evidence suggesting disproportionate impacts on women versus men faculty. Understanding these gender-based differences can inform institutional policies to support equity, a priority amid the current climate, where reduced research funding and limitations to health care access are reshaping the scientific and clinical landscape.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine gender differences in pandemic-related professional impacts, caregiving responsibilities, institutional supportive services, and mitigation strategies among faculty at a large academic health care center during COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All eligible faculty (<i>N</i> = 1448) were invited to complete an anonymous survey about their experiences during the first year of the pandemic. Gender differences were examined using chi-square and independent-samples <i>t</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 824 respondents (57% response rate), 768 were included in the analyses. Women faculty were significantly more likely than men to report increases in teaching/mentoring (36% vs. 26%) and clinical work (42% vs. 32%), as well as missed career opportunities (31% vs. 20%). Women faculty assumed more childcare (64% vs. 50%) and eldercare (16% vs. 8%) responsibilities during the pandemic. The majority of faculty (78%) did not utilize institutional support services during COVID-19, and qualitative responses suggest substantial barriers to access.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Women faculty experienced disproportionate professional and caregiver burdens during the first year of the pandemic. There are long-term implications for gender equity that may bear particular relevance as institutions confront current constraints across clinical and research domains. The findings are used to guide recommendations for how institutions can develop and sustain equity-focused faculty support policies to weather the current financial crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261465183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148655301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual Disorder Frequency Across Ibuprofen and Oral Contraceptive Treatment Modalities in Reproductive-Age Women: A Population-Based Analysis Using the NIH <i>All of Us</i> Research Program.","authors":"Quinn Fan, Mika Allyssa A Esquillo, Christina M Seeger, Paul W Zarutskie","doi":"10.1177/26884844261466539","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261466539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the widespread use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral contraceptives (OC), population-level analyses on how menstrual disorder diagnoses vary across ibuprofen and OC use remain limited. Prior studies emphasize treatment efficacy for individual conditions rather than cross-sectional diagnosis co-occurrence across these treatment categories. The NIH <i>All of Us</i> Research Program enables age-stratified analyses of menstrual disorder diagnoses across ibuprofen and OC use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of female participants 18-35 years old using <i>All of Us</i> data from electronic health records, survey responses, and physical measurements. Participants were stratified into ages 18-24 and 25-35 years and grouped by recorded ibuprofen only, OC only, or ibuprofen + OC exposure. Standardized Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership concept sets identified dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, excessive/heavy bleeding, and amenorrhea. Pairwise chi-square tests compared diagnosis presence across treatment groups. The Holm-Bonferroni (HB) adjustment was applied. Treatment duration, dose, adherence, and temporal sequencing relative to diagnosis could not be established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In women aged 18-24 years, no significant differences in diagnosis prevalence were observed between treatment groups (ibuprofen: <i>n</i> = 2832; OC: <i>n</i> = 4256; and combination: <i>n</i> = 2315). Between-group prevalence differences were modest (0.9 to 2.1 percentage points) and did not remain significant after HB correction (all HB adjusted <i>p</i> > 0.05). Women aged 25-35 years (ibuprofen: <i>n</i> = 9533; OC: <i>n</i> = 9517; and combination: <i>n</i> = 9617) had OC use associated with lower dysmenorrhea prevalence versus combination use (prevalence difference: 1.4%; HB-adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.05). Irregular menstruation was more frequent in the OC group than in the ibuprofen group (2.1%; HB-adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.05). Excessive/heavy bleeding was more prevalent with ibuprofen use than with OC use and combination therapy (2.2% and 1.6%, respectively; HB-adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.05). Amenorrhea prevalence did not differ significantly (≤0.9%; HB-adjusted <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Menstrual disorder diagnosis frequencies differed across ibuprofen and OC exposure groups, primarily among women 25-35 years old. Longitudinal studies with untreated comparators and better characterizations of treatment timing, dose, and duration are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261466539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Acoustic-Linguistic Machine Learning for Postpartum Depression Screening Using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.","authors":"James Griffin, Bretton H Talbot, Loren Larsen, Bradley Grimm","doi":"10.1177/26884844261465152","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26884844261465152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder affecting women during pregnancy or after childbirth, characterized by persistent sadness, anxiety, and difficulty bonding with the newborn. Symptoms range from mild emotional disturbances to severe depressive episodes requiring urgent clinical intervention. Despite the availability of treatments, PPD often remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This study demonstrates an efficient method to predict the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores based on combined acoustic and linguistic features extracted from speech.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant and postpartum women aged 18 years or older were recruited for a structured screening study conducted between 2023 and 2024 (<i>n</i> = 275). Each participant completed the full EPDS questionnaire and provided a single open-ended audio response recorded <i>via</i> a smartphone application. A multimodal approach combining linguistic and acoustic features was used to predict EPDS scores, capturing both semantic content and paralinguistic markers, such as vocal pitch, speech rate, and prosody, reflective of mood and affect. Features from both modalities were combined using a regressor to produce a numeric EPDS score ranging from 0 to 30.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model achieved a sensitivity of 84.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.5-89.5) and a specificity of 76.9% (95% CI: 69.0-82.2) at the ≥10 screening threshold, with an area under the curve of 0.886 (95% CI: 0.845-0.922). Regression performance demonstrated a Pearson correlation of <i>R</i> = 0.749 (95% CI: 0.69-0.80) and a mean absolute error of 3.42 compared with the ground-truth EPDS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This model demonstrates strong screening performance for identifying PPD risk from brief video responses and can augment clinical workflows by prioritizing follow-up evaluation when elevated EPDS risk is detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":75329,"journal":{"name":"Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)","volume":"7 ","pages":"26884844261465152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}