Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Secondary Syphilis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnostic Testing","authors":"Shahrukh Chaudhry, Idris Akinlusi, Ted Shi, J. Cervantes","doi":"10.3390/venereology2020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology2020006","url":null,"abstract":"The subspecies T. pallidum pallidum is the cause of the most infamous sexually and congenitally transmitted disease, syphilis. This disease has an estimated incidence of six million infections every year. Multiple studies have noted that the prevalence of syphilis has been steadily increasing worldwide in recent decades, especially among MSMs and HIV-positive patients. Clinically, syphilis presents in four stages with multiple different clinical manifestations. In this paper, we examine the current literature to determine the history and progression, pathogenesis, clinical features, and testing of secondary syphilis. Secondary syphilis is a stage of the disease with the most exuberant local and systemic clinical manifestations. The basis of the pathogenesis of SS underscores the unique mechanisms by which Treponema pallidum utilizes to escape immune recognition while simultaneously induces inflammation. SS can affect multiple organ systems and become more than just an STD. The most common presentation of secondary syphilis is rash, which manifests as a copper-colored maculopapular lesion on the trunk, palms, and soles. Although the RPR, VDRL, and FTA-ABS tests are perhaps the most commonly used diagnostic tools for syphilis and make up the traditional and reverse algorithms, there are other methods, including morphology and immunohistochemistry.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45436492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Trends in Syphilis Mortality in the United States, 2015–2020","authors":"N. Barragan, Ranjana N. Wickramasekaran, F. Sorvillo, Lisa V. Smith, T. Kuo","doi":"10.3390/venereology2020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology2020005","url":null,"abstract":"Rates of reported cases of syphilis have steadily increased since 2000 in the United States. However, despite the increase in cases, mortality from 2000–2014 declined. The following study examines the latest trends in syphilis-related deaths using 2015–2020 Multiple Cause of Death data. A total of 925 syphilis-related deaths were identified during the study period, 30% of which listed syphilis as the underlying cause of death. On average, age-adjusted syphilis mortality increased by 9.51% annually (95% CI = 5.41%–13.77%). Study findings indicate a marked increase in deaths attributed to syphilis, underscoring the need to more systematically and comprehensively address the growing sexually transmitted infection epidemic in the United States.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-Based Interventions on Human Papillomavirus in Africa: A Systematic Scoping Review","authors":"J. Amzat, K. Kanmodi, K. Aminu, E. Egbedina","doi":"10.3390/venereology2010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology2010004","url":null,"abstract":"School-age youth constitute a neglected but highly vulnerable group concerning sexual health risks in low-resource countries. Robust evidence concerning the research landscape of school-based interventions on human papillomavirus in Africa is currently lacking. Therefore, this systematic scoping review (SSR) aims to map evidence about school-based HPV interventions and identify emerging themes, gaps and lessons learned in Africa. This review was guided by Joanna Brigg’s Institute’s guidelines for SSRs and reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis for Scoping Reviews. Five databases—PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Allied and Complementary Medicine—were searched for relevant literature using appropriate search terms and Boolean operators. The retrieved literature was extracted, deduplicated and screened using the Rayyan software. Only those articles which met the eligibility criteria were included for data charting, collation, and summarization. Ten articles were included in this review. The articles demonstrate that a life-course approach is significant in health intervention. School-based health interventions help reach adolescents in a dynamic life stage, affecting their vulnerability to sexual health risks. The school-based interventions serve as an ideal platform to offer HPV peer education, improving their HPV knowledge and subsequent testing services and enhancing their acceptability for screening and vaccination. Cervical cancer education and screening can be effectively combined in HPV health services for women. While the studies are geographically diverse, such effective interventions, which help reduce bottlenecks in accessing HPV screening and vaccination, are very few in Africa. In conclusion, school-based intervention is a viable strategy that can be adopted for adolescent protection from HPV-induced diseases. However, the current evidence on the impact of these interventions, particularly HPV vaccination, is inadequate.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43417381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Smartphone-Based Pilot HIV Prevention Intervention (<i>Sakhi</i>) among Transgender Women who Engage in Sex Work in India: Efficacy of a Pre- and Post-Test Quasi-Experimental Trial.","authors":"Venkatesan Chakrapani, Pushpesh Kumar, Jasvir Kaur, Murali Shunmugam, Debomita Mukherjee","doi":"10.3390/venereology2010003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/venereology2010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgender women (TGW) in India, especially those who engage in sex work, are at high risk for HIV. Guided by the information-motivation-behavioral skills model and qualitative formative research findings, <i>Sakhi</i> (girlfriend), a 3-week smartphone-based pilot intervention consisting of short videos (one/week) and text messages (two/week), was implemented using a one-group pre- and post-test design to test its efficacy in promoting condom use and HIV testing among TGW (N = 50) who engage in sex work in Chennai. Changes in outcomes were assessed by conducting multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations. Participants' mean age was 26 years, and the mean monthly income was INR 21700 (USD 292). About one-third completed college, and 96% were HIV-negative. Significant changes in the desired direction were observed in the primary outcomes: condom use - decrease in the engagement of condomless anal sex with male partners (12% to 2%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and HIV testing - increase in intentions to undergo HIV testing every 6 months (34% to 86%, <i>p</i> < 0.001); and in some of the secondary outcomes: decrease in alcohol use before sex, increase in intentions to use condoms consistently and increase in the well-being score. This study demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the <i>Sakhi</i> intervention and warrants a larger randomized trial among diverse sub-groups in diverse settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"2 1","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614320/pdf/EMS165123.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9174058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Virological Failure in HIV Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in the Upper East Region of Ghana","authors":"A. Abubakari, Habibu Issah, M. Awell, Olives Mutaka, M. Asumah","doi":"10.3390/venereology2010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology2010002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Even though highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV (Human Immune Deficiency) patients has considerably improved viral load suppression, more people still struggle to reduce viral loads. The aim of the study was to determine the associated factors of virological failure in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 366 participants aged 15 years and above who were on HAART for six (6) months or longer with viral load results in 2020. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV patients at 95% confidence interval (C.I.) with a significant level pegged at a p value less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of viral load failure was 47.0% and adherence to antiretroviral therapy was 62.6% among patients on HAART. The significant predicators of virological failure were basic education (AOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 7.36, 95% C.I = 4.91–59.71), High school/Vocational /Technical education (AOR = 4.70, 95% C.I. = 1.90–9.69), monthly salary/income ˂ GHS 375.00 (AOR = 7.20, 95% C.I. = 1.73–29.95), duration on ART for ˂1 year (AOR = 0.27, 95% C.I. = 0.10–0.75), ART regimen (Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz) (AOR = 3.26, 95% C.I. = 1.95–11.25), 3–5 times missed medication per month (AOR = 2.86, 95% C.I. = 1.34–6.08) and ≥6 missed medication per month (AOR = 23.87, 95% C.I. = 10.57–53.92). Conclusion: Educational status, salary/income, ART duration, ART combination regimen, and number of doses missed were statistically significantly associated with virological failure in patients on antiretroviral therapy. The majority of the respondents adhered to ART, which led to moderate viral load suppression but lower than the target for 2020. There is the need to strengthen the ongoing accelerated social behavior change communication among patients on ART to enhance adherence in order to attain the new UNAIDS target of 95% viral load suppression by 2030 in the Upper East Region of Ghana.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42935358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Comorbidities and Associated Factors among HIV Patients Attending Antiretroviral Clinics in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana","authors":"Kingsley Aseye Hattoh, Bryan Aapentuo Sienso, E. Kuugbee","doi":"10.3390/venereology2010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology2010001","url":null,"abstract":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a chronic infectious disease, and without antiretroviral therapy (ART), it is associated with comorbidities. The prevalence of comorbidities, adherence to ART and quality of life (QoL) of HIV patients were studied. A cross-sectional study design involving 360 HIV patients from two ART clinics across the Tamale metropolis was employed. Socio-demography, adherence to therapy, and QoL data were taken with the help of a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 24. The prevalence of comorbidities was 30.3% (109), with Hepatitis B infection (73, 20.3%) being the most prevalent. Adherence levels were high (192, 53.3%), moderate (108, 30.0%) and low (60, 16.7%). Overall, QoL was excellent amongst 149 (41.4%), good in 169 (46.7%), and poor in 42 (11.7%) respondents. Marital status, presence or absence of HIV symptoms, adherence level to ART and overall QoL, especially Physical, Psychological, and independence domains (p < 0.05), were factors associated with the presence of comorbidities. There is a high level of comorbidities among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in the Tamale metropolis influenced by QoL and adherence to ART. We recommend a multifaceted approach to the management of PLWH.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42975355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Factors Associated with HIV Testing among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Lesotho: Results from 2004 to 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Surveys","authors":"Onalethata Ntshadi Sonny, A. Musekiwa","doi":"10.3390/venereology1030019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology1030019","url":null,"abstract":"HIV/AIDS is prevalent among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Lesotho, and among the top five infectious diseases causing a high mortality rate in Africa. The paramount management of HIV is based on screening, prevention, and therapeutic interventions, of which HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is the gateway. The utilization of HTC services among AGYW is limited owing to numerous barriers encountered by this population group. The aim of this study was to assess trends and factors associated with HTC among AGYW in Lesotho. A secondary data analysis was used to analyze data sets extracted from the 2004, 2009, and 2014 Lesotho Demographic Health Surveys (LDHS). The LDHS was conducted using a cross-sectional study design and samples drawn were representative of the whole population of Lesotho. We used descriptive analysis to determine trends in HTC. In determining factors associated with the uptake of HTC, univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied on the 2014 LDHS. All analyses were adjusted for unequal sampling probabilities using survey weights. The number of AGYWs analyzed were 2743 in 2004, 2393 in 2009, and 2842 in 2014. The overall prevalence estimates of HTC uptake were 12%, 62.2%, and 72.5%, respectively. For the 15–19 years AGYW, HTC uptake rose from 6.2% (2004), 46.3% (2009), to 57.9% (2014), while for the 20–24 years age group, the rates were 18.7%, 80.2%, and 88.3%, respectively. For the 2842 AGYW in 2014, the odds of ever having an HIV test were significantly higher for those aged 20–24 years (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.87, p < 0.001), in a union (aOR 3.21, 95%CI 2.25 to 4.58, p < 0.001), with Mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) knowledge (aOR 1.53, 95%CI: 1.21 to 1.94, p < 0.001), with HIV non-discriminatory attitudes (aOR 2.50, 95%CI 1.87 to 3.34, p < 0.001), and those who had ever been pregnant (aOR 11.53, 95%CI 7.46 to 17.84, p < 0.001). HTC uptake among AGYW in Lesotho is below expected targets, hence we recommend optimizing access to HTC services, especially for AGYW aged 15–19 years.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44004670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Regional Variations in Sexually Transmitted Infections Manifesting as Vaginitis among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sub-Saharan Countries","authors":"Michael Ekholuenetale, CHIMEZIE IGWEGBE NZOPUTAM, Osaretin Christabel Okonji","doi":"10.3390/venereology1030018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology1030018","url":null,"abstract":"Sexually transmitted infection refers to a group of clinical syndromes that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity and are caused by a variety of pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Methods: Demographic and Health Survey data involving women aged 15–49 years were analyzed for this study. The surveys were conducted between 2006–2021. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. Results: From the results, Liberia (33.0%), Mali (14.0%), Guinea (13%), Uganda, and Sierra Leone (12.0% each) had the highest STI prevalence. Prominently from Western sub-Saharan Africa sub-region, Liberia (40.0%), Guinea (31.0%), Mali (28.0%), Cote d’Ivoire (24.0%), Ghana (23.0%) and Mauritania (22.0%) have the highest prevalence of reporting a bad smelling or abnormal genital discharge. In addition, Liberia (30.0%), Uganda (13.0%) and Malawi (10.0%) have the highest prevalence of reporting genital sores or ulcers. Liberia (48.0%), Guinea (34.0%), Mali (32.0%), Ghana and Mauritania (25.0% each) and Uganda (24.0%) reported the leading prevalence of STI, genital discharge, or a sore or ulcer. Conclusion: The prevalence of vaginitis varied according to women’s characteristics. In many countries, younger women, urban dwellers, educated women, rich and unmarried women reported a higher prevalence of STI, genital discharge, or a sore or ulcer. Women should be educated on the advantages of proper hygiene, and prevention and control of STIs. Program planners and policymakers should assess and improve the collaboration and coordination of nutritional and family health programs aimed at addressing women’s health issues.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49516954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the Global Shortage of Antibiotics","authors":"J. L. R. Martins, E. M. H. Pinto, Salomão Antonio Oliveira, Fernanda Almeida Costa Gomes, O. N. Silva","doi":"10.3390/venereology1030017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology1030017","url":null,"abstract":"The gonorrhoea caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae remains a major global public health problem with high morbidity. Gonorrhoea can affect both women and men, being more prevalent in sexually active young individuals. Even after infection from N. gonorrhoeae, many patients may remain asymptomatic, making the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the disease difficult. The treatment and control of gonorrhoea have been difficult in recent years in most populations, being an example of how behavioural, social, and demographic factors can influence the epidemiology of an infectious disease. The emergence of strains of N. gonorrhoeae resistant to multiple antimicrobials, especially to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, indicates that gonorrhoea has the potential to become untreatable in the current reality of treatment options, especially in places that have a high prevalence of gonococcal infections. The loss of available and effective treatment options can lead to significant increases in new cases of the disease, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. This review provides an overview of current therapeutic options for gonorrhoea, as well as ongoing experimental studies and clinical trials with new antigonococcal agents.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44829252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with the Use of Industrial Liquid Silicone among Travesti and Transgender Women in Salvador, Northeast Brazil","authors":"Ricardo Araújo da Silva, L. A. V. da Silva, Fabiane Soares, I. Dourado","doi":"10.3390/venereology1030016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/venereology1030016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The illicit use of industrial liquid silicone (ILS) is a common practice among travesti and transgender Women (TrTW) in the process of bodily change. The “pumped ladies” apply the ILS without any preparation regarding biosafety, and this practice poses serious risks to the health of TrTW, including death. This study aims to describe the prevalence of ILS use and estimate the associated factors among TrTW in a Brazilian city. Methods: This behavioral and serological survey employed the Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) recruitment technique. Participants who declared themselves to be travesti or transgender women over 15 years were considered eligible. The sample consisted of 127 TrTW. The bivariate analysis estimated the prevalence of ILS use by sociodemographic, cultural, and behavioral variables. Multivariate analysis used Poisson regression for adjusted estimates with respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: Approximately 31.6% of the TrTW (n = 44) used ILS and 57.2% (n = 67) were under 25 years old. Most (73.2%, n = 79) had access to more than eight years of schooling. Nine percent (n = 15) tested positive for HIV, and 31.6% (n = 48) tested positive for syphilis. The TrTW who felt more comfortable with their body image had a threefold higher prevalence of ILS use and those who performed an HIV test before the study had a 4.5 times higher prevalence of ILS. Conclusion: ILS is widely used by TrTW in Brazil. Although public policies for the transgenderizing process exist, this process still occurs illicitly.","PeriodicalId":75296,"journal":{"name":"Venereology (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}