UCL open environment最新文献

{"title":"The impact of digital navigation on travel behaviour.","authors":"David Metz","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital navigation - the combined use of satellite positioning, digital mapping and route guidance - is in wide use for road travel yet its impact is little understood. Evidence is emerging of significant changes in use of the road network, including diversion of local trips to take advantage of new capacity on strategic roads, and increased use of minor roads. These have problematic implications for investment decisions and for the management of the network. However, the ability of digital navigation to predict estimated time of arrival under expected traffic conditions is a welcome means of mitigating journey time uncertainty, which is one of the undesirable consequences of road traffic congestion. There is very little available information about the impact of digital navigation on travel behaviour, a situation that needs to be remedied to enhance the efficiency of road network operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'Reflections, Resilience, and Recovery: A qualitative study of Covid-19's impact on an international adult population's mental health and priorities for support': part 1 of 3.","authors":"Nigel Atter","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This discussant commentary will consider global health before the pandemic in relation to the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study survey results on what participants need to recover from the pandemic. It explores the case for expanding access to health care, the importance of culturally sensitive interventions and the need to scale up psychologically evidence-based interventions. Reflecting on the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study 'Let's Talk! What do you need to recover from Covid-19?' webinar, the commentary highlights the recommendations from the British Psychological Society (BPS) to the government on what needs to happen for a better recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9530282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light pollution: a landscape-scale issue requiring cross-realm consideration.","authors":"Mariana Mayer-Pinto,&nbsp;Theresa M Jones,&nbsp;Stephen E Swearer,&nbsp;Kylie A Robert,&nbsp;Damon Bolton,&nbsp;Anne E Aulsebrook,&nbsp;Katherine A Dafforn,&nbsp;Ashton L Dickerson,&nbsp;Alicia M Dimovski,&nbsp;Niki Hubbard,&nbsp;Lucy K McLay,&nbsp;Kellie Pendoley,&nbsp;Alistair G B Poore,&nbsp;Michele Thums,&nbsp;Nikolas J Willmott,&nbsp;Kaori Yokochi,&nbsp;Emily K Fobert","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terrestrial, marine and freshwater realms are inherently linked through ecological, biogeochemical and/or physical processes. An understanding of these connections is critical to optimise management strategies and ensure the ongoing resilience of ecosystems. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a global stressor that can profoundly affect a wide range of organisms and habitats and impact multiple realms. Despite this, current management practices for light pollution rarely consider connectivity between realms. Here we discuss the ways in which ALAN can have cross-realm impacts and provide case studies for each example discussed. We identified three main ways in which ALAN can affect two or more realms: 1) impacts on species that have life cycles and/or stages in two or more realms, such as diadromous fish that cross realms during ontogenetic migrations and many terrestrial insects that have juvenile phases of the life cycle in aquatic realms; 2) impacts on species interactions that occur across realm boundaries, and 3) impacts on transition zones or ecosystems such as mangroves and estuaries. We then propose a framework for cross-realm management of light pollution and discuss current challenges and potential solutions to increase the uptake of a cross-realm approach for ALAN management. We argue that the strengthening and formalisation of professional networks that involve academics, lighting practitioners, environmental managers and regulators that work in multiple realms is essential to provide an integrated approach to light pollution. Networks that have a strong multi-realm and multi-disciplinary focus are important as they enable a holistic understanding of issues related to ALAN.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9530285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The moisture distribution in wall-to-floor thermal bridges and its influence on mould growth.","authors":"Yucong Xue,&nbsp;Yifan Fan,&nbsp;Jiang Lu,&nbsp;Jian Ge","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moisture in building envelopes increases the energy consumption of buildings and induces mould growth, which may be amplified within the area of thermal bridges due to their different hygrothermal properties and complex structures. In this study, we aimed to (1) reveal the moisture distribution in the typical thermal bridge (i.e., wall-to-floor thermal bridge, WFTB) and its surrounding area and (2) investigate the mould growth in a building envelope that includes both a WFTB and the main part of a wall, in a humid and hot summer/cold winter region of China (Hangzhou City). The transient numerical simulations which lasted for 5 years were performed to model the moisture distribution. Simulated results indicate that the moisture distribution presents significant seasonal and spatial differences due to the WFTB. The areas where moisture accumulates have a higher risk of mould growth. The thermal insulation layer laid on the exterior surface of a WFTB can reduce the overall humidity while uneven moisture distribution may promote mould growth and water vapour condensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygrothermal monitoring of replacement infill panels for historic timber-frame buildings: initial findings.","authors":"Chris J Whitman,&nbsp;Oriel Prizeman,&nbsp;Pete Walker,&nbsp;Iain McCaig,&nbsp;Soki Rhee-Duverne","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Energy retrofits aim to improve the thermal performance of buildings' external envelopes. With buildings of traditional construction there exists the risk that these improvements may lead to interstitial condensation and moisture accumulation. For historic timber-framed buildings, this potentially exposes the embedded historic timbers to conditions favouring fungal decay and insect infestation. Hygrothermal digital simulations can assess this risk, but these have limitations, especially regarding the study of historic and traditional materials, due to a lack of accurate material data. The research presented in this paper therefore uses the monitoring of physical test panels to examine the performance of four different infill solutions. These are, traditional wattle and daub, a composite of wood fibre and wood wool boards, expanded cork board, and hempcrete. The article focuses on the design and construction of the test cell and presents initial results from the first year of monitoring, following the initial drying phase. These showed no evidence of interstitial condensation in any of the panel build-ups, with increases in moisture content correlating directly with climatic measurements of wind-driven rain. Infill materials with low moisture permeability were seen to produce higher moisture contents at the interface with the external render due to the concentration of moisture at this point. Those panels finished in the more moisture permeable lime-hemp plaster, overall present lower moisture contents, with reduced drying times. The use of perimeter, non-moisture permeable, sealants would appear to potentially trap moisture at the junction between infill and historic timber-frame. The monitoring work is ongoing.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'Reflections, Resilience, and Recovery: A qualitative study of Covid-19's impact on an international adult population's mental health and priorities for support': part 2 of 3.","authors":"Morgan Vine","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This discussant commentary considers the findings presented from the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'Let's Talk! What do you need to recover from Covid-19?'. The research presented highlights a number of key issues that have affected people of all ages throughout the pandemic. Our aim with this article is to reflect on these themes and, using our own qualitative and quantitative research conducted throughout the pandemic, explore whether the people we spoke to in later life expressed challenges, concerns and frustrations with the same issues as those expressed in Dr Wong's study. As a national charity that supports people in later life, Independent Age has been incredibly concerned by the impact of the pandemic specifically on people aged 65 and over, and believe more must be done by decision-makers in the government and National Health Service (NHS) to support them to recover from the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9530286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving a healthy indoor environment by using an emissions barrier to stop the spread of chemicals from a building into the indoor air.","authors":"Lennart Larsson,&nbsp;Johan Mattsson","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An emissions barrier was used in a premises due to complaints about the indoor air quality (IAQ) as a result of emissions from the building in question. The emissions comprised chlorophenols/chloroanisoles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from treated wood and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mainly 2-ethylhexanol, from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring and the glue used to paste the flooring onto a concrete slab. Attaching the barrier at the surfaces from where the emissions were spread (floor, walls, ceilings) resulted in a fresh and odour-free indoor air. We conclude that using an emissions barrier in buildings made unhealthy by moisture is an efficient way of restoring pleasant and healthy indoor air.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ measurements of wall moisture in a historic building in response to the installation of an impermeable floor.","authors":"Kevin Briggs,&nbsp;Richard Ball,&nbsp;Iain McCaig","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When impermeable ground bearing slabs are installed in old buildings without a damp-proof course, it is a common belief of conservation practitioners that ground moisture will be 'driven' up adjacent walls by capillary action. However, there is limited evidence to test this hypothesis. An experiment was used to determine if the installation of a vapour-proof barrier above a flagstone floor in a historic building would increase moisture content levels in an adjacent stone rubble wall. This was achieved by undertaking measurements of wall, soil and atmospheric moisture content over a 3-year period. Measurements taken using timber dowels showed that the moisture content within the wall did not vary in response to wall evaporation rates and did not increase following the installation of a vapour-proof barrier above the floor. This indicates that the moisture levels in the rubble wall were not influenced by changes in the vapour-permeability of the floor.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'Doctoral Students' Educational Stress and Mental Health'.","authors":"Tara Béteille","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This discussant commentary considers the findings presented in the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 4 'Doctoral Students' Educational Stress and Mental Health' and the research article published from the series of webinar in this journal, 'The effects of cumulative stressful educational events on the mental health of doctoral students during the Covid-19 pandemic'. The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the education of hundreds of thousands of graduate students worldwide by curtailing their access to laboratories, libraries, and face-to-face interactions with peers and supervisors. This has resulted in considerable stress, given that expectations on research productivity during the period have remained unchanged. This note suggests three principles to help graduate students cope with the impact of Covid-19 on their educational journey: (1) support student resilience; (2) support student learning; and (3) support students technologically.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key opportunities and challenges for the use of big data in migration research and policy.","authors":"Lydia H V Franklinos, Rebecca Parrish, Rachel Burns, Andrea Caflisch, Bishawjit Mallick, Taifur Rahman, Vasileios Routsis, Ana Sebastián López, Andrew J Tatem, Robert Trigwell","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000027","DOIUrl":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migration is one of the defining issues of the 21st century. Better data is required to improve understanding about how and why people are moving, target interventions and support evidence-based migration policy. Big data, defined as large, complex data from diverse sources, is regularly proposed as a solution to help address current gaps in knowledge. The authors participated in a workshop held in London, UK, in July 2019, that brought together experts from the United Nations (UN), humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs), policy and academia to develop a better understanding of how big data could be used for migration research and policy. We identified six key areas regarding the application of big data in migration research and policy: accessing and utilising data; integrating data sources and knowledge; understanding environmental drivers of migration; improving healthcare access for migrant populations; ethical and security concerns around the use of big data; and addressing political narratives. We advocate the need for careful consideration of the challenges faced by the use of big data, as well as increased cross-disciplinary collaborations to advance the use of big data in migration research whilst safeguarding vulnerable migrant communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"3 ","pages":"e027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}