UCL open environment最新文献_第5页

Tacit knowledge in water management: a case study of Sponge City. 水管理中的隐性知识:以海绵城市为例。

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000031

Zeyu Yao, Sarah Bell

{"title":"Tacit knowledge in water management: a case study of Sponge City.","authors":"Zeyu Yao, Sarah Bell","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000031","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable, resilient urban water management is fundamental to good environmental and public health. As an interdisciplinary task, it faces enormous challenges from project complexity, network dynamics and the tacit nature of knowledge being communicated between actors involved in design, decisions and delivery. Among others, some critical and persistent challenges to the implementation of sustainable urban water management include the lack of knowledge and expertise, lack of effective communication and collaboration, and lack of shared understanding and context. Using the Chinese Sponge City programme as a case study, this paper draws on the perspectives of Polanyi and Collins to investigate the extent to which knowledge can be used and exchanged between actors. Using Collins' conceptualisation of the terrain of tacit knowledge, the study identifies the use of relational, somatic and collective tacit knowledge (CTK) in the Sponge City pilot project. Structured interviews with 38 people working on a Sponge City pilot project provided data that was rigorously analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. The paper is original in identifying different types of tacit knowledge in urban water management, and the potential pathways for information and messages being communicated between actors. The methods and results provide the groundwork for analysing the access and mobilisation of tacit knowledge in the Sponge City pilot project, with relevance for other complex, interdisciplinary environmental projects and programmes.","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The impact of COVID-19 related regulations and restrictions on mobility and potential for sustained climate mitigation across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK: a data-based commentary. 2019冠状病毒病相关法规和限制对荷兰、瑞典和英国的流动性和可持续气候缓解潜力的影响:基于数据的评论。

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000032

Elizabeth Corker, Kaloyan Mitev, Astrid Nilsson Lewis, Milan Tamis, Thijs Bouman, Stefan Holmlid, Fiona Lambe, Susan Michie, Matthew Osborne, Reint Jan Renes, Linda Steg, Lorraine Whitmarsh

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 related regulations and restrictions on mobility and potential for sustained climate mitigation across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK: a data-based commentary.","authors":"Elizabeth Corker, Kaloyan Mitev, Astrid Nilsson Lewis, Milan Tamis, Thijs Bouman, Stefan Holmlid, Fiona Lambe, Susan Michie, Matthew Osborne, Reint Jan Renes, Linda Steg, Lorraine Whitmarsh","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000032","url":null,"abstract":"Human behaviour change is necessary to meet targets set by the Paris Agreement to mitigate climate change. Restrictions and regulations put in place globally to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 during 2020 have had a substantial impact on everyday life, including many carbon-intensive behaviours such as transportation. Changes to transportation behaviour may reduce carbon emissions. Behaviour change theory can offer perspective on the drivers and influences of behaviour and shape recommendations for how policy-makers can capitalise on any observed behaviour changes that may mitigate climate change. For this commentary, we aimed to describe changes in data relating to transportation behaviours concerning working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. We display these identified changes in a concept map, suggesting links between the changes in behaviour and levels of carbon emissions. We consider these changes in relation to a comprehensive and easy to understand model of behaviour, the Opportunity, Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model, to understand the capabilities, opportunities and behaviours related to the observed behaviour changes and potential policy to mitigate climate change. There is now an opportunity for policy-makers to increase the likelihood of maintaining pro-environmental behaviour changes by providing opportunities, improving capabilities and maintaining motivation for these behaviours.","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'Reflections, Resilience, and Recovery: A qualitative study of Covid-19's impact on an international adult population's mental health and priorities for support': part 3 of 3. 在UCL-Penn全球COVID研究网络研讨会“反思、弹性和恢复:COVID -19对国际成年人心理健康和支持优先事项的影响的定性研究”(3 / 3)期间，特邀嘉宾发表评论。

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100007

David Murphy

引用次数: 1

Moisture control design has to respond to all relevant hygrothermal loads. 湿度控制设计必须响应所有相关的湿热负荷。

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000037

Hartwig Künzel, Mark Dewsbury

{"title":"Moisture control design has to respond to all relevant hygrothermal loads.","authors":"Hartwig Künzel, Mark Dewsbury","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000037","url":null,"abstract":"Moisture-related damage is still a formidable cost factor in the building sector. Besides installation deficiencies, moisture control design failures are the most frequent reasons for moisture problems. Therefore, adequate moisture control analysis has become the key for sustainable buildings. However, by only focusing on vapour diffusion other important moisture loads such as driving rain, construction moisture or air infiltration are mostly neglected. Therefore, international moisture control standards often refer to simulation models for more realistic analysis, leaving many practitioners wondering how to handle these tools. To overcome this dilemma, the updated German moisture control standard has introduced a three-pathway approach for design evaluation: first, deemed to satisfy list, second, restricted Glaser calculation and third, fully fledged hygrothermal simulation. The third pathway includes the option to account for small leaks or imperfections in building envelope components. Guidelines in other countries are also embracing similar moisture control approaches which gives hope for more durable and sustainable building design. To reach this aim, moisture control should also become an integral part of the design process instead of a secondary chore.","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9526476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A three-timepoint network analysis of Covid-19's impact on schizotypal traits, paranoia and mental health through loneliness. 新冠肺炎对精神分裂型特征、偏执和孤独感心理健康影响的三时间点网络分析

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000044

Keri Ka-Yee Wong, Yi Wang, Gianluca Esposito, Adrian Raine

{"title":"A three-timepoint network analysis of Covid-19's impact on schizotypal traits, paranoia and mental health through loneliness.","authors":"Keri Ka-Yee Wong, Yi Wang, Gianluca Esposito, Adrian Raine","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000044","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has impacted people's mental wellbeing. Studies to date have examined the prevalence of mental health symptoms (anxiety and depression), yet fewer longitudinal studies have compared across background factors and other psychological variables to identify vulnerable subgroups in the general population. This study tests to what extent higher levels of schizotypal traits and paranoia are associated with mental health variables 6- and 12-months since April 2020. Over 2300 adult volunteers (18-89 years, female = 74.9%) with access to the study link online were recruited from the UK, the USA, Greece and Italy. Self-reported levels of schizotypy, paranoia, anxiety, depression, aggression, loneliness and stress from three timepoints (17 April to 13 July 2020, N1 = 1599; 17 October to 31 January 2021, N2 = 774; and 17 April to 31 July 2021, N3 = 586) were mapped using network analysis and compared across time and background variables (sex, age, income, country). Schizotypal traits and paranoia were positively associated with poorer mental health through loneliness, with no effect of age, sex, income levels, countries and timepoints. Loneliness was the most influential variable across all networks, despite overall reductions in levels of loneliness, schizotypy, paranoia and aggression during the easing of lockdown (time 3). Individuals with higher levels of schizotypal traits/paranoia reported poorer mental health outcomes than individuals in the low-trait groups. Schizotypal traits and paranoia are associated with poor mental health outcomes through self-perceived feelings of loneliness, suggesting that increasing social/community cohesion may improve individuals' mental wellbeing in the long run.","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indoor air quality and early detection of mould growth in residential buildings: a case study. 住宅室内空气质量与霉菌生长的早期检测:一个案例研究。

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000049

Arianna Brambilla, Christhina Candido, Ozgur Gocer

{"title":"Indoor air quality and early detection of mould growth in residential buildings: a case study.","authors":"Arianna Brambilla, Christhina Candido, Ozgur Gocer","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000049","url":null,"abstract":"Mould growth affects one in three homes, and it is the biggest cause for complaints and litigations filed to the relevant authorities in Australia, while also significantly affecting the physical and psychological health of the building's occupants. Indoor mould is caused by excessive dampness, resulting from poor architectural specification, construction and maintenance practices, as well as inappropriate behaviour of the occupants. The consequences range from early biodeterioration of building materials, requiring anticipated renovation works, to deterioration of the indoor environment, posing a serious threat to the building's occupants. This study investigates indoor air quality (IAQ) and mould growth, providing a snapshot of the current IAQ of Australian residential buildings regarding air pollutants. It uses a case study representative of the typical Australian suburban home to investigate the effects of unnoticed mould growth. The results of the monitoring campaign indicate that buildings with a high concentration of fungal spores are also more likely to present poor IAQ levels, high concentrations of particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This research suggests the need for the development of early detection strategies that could minimise the health hazard to people, thereby preventing the need for any major renovations.","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South. 重新思考关于保护区和全球南方人类福祉的根深蒂固的叙述。

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000050

Emily Woodhouse, Claire Bedelian, Paul Barnes, Gisella S Cruz-Garcia, Neil Dawson, Nicole Gross-Camp, Katherine Homewood, Julia P G Jones, Adrian Martin, Elisa Morgera, Kate Schreckenberg

{"title":"Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South.","authors":"Emily Woodhouse, Claire Bedelian, Paul Barnes, Gisella S Cruz-Garcia, Neil Dawson, Nicole Gross-Camp, Katherine Homewood, Julia P G Jones, Adrian Martin, Elisa Morgera, Kate Schreckenberg","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000050","url":null,"abstract":"Attempts to link human development and biodiversity conservation goals remain a constant feature of policy and practice related to protected areas (PAs). Underlying these approaches are narratives that simplify assumptions, shaping how interventions are designed and implemented. We examine evidence for five key narratives: 1) conservation is pro-poor; 2) poverty reduction benefits conservation; 3) compensation neutralises costs of conservation; 4) local participation is good for conservation; 5) secure tenure rights for local communities support effective conservation. Through a mixed-method synthesis combining a review of 100 peer-reviewed papers and 25 expert interviews, we examined if and how each narrative is supported or countered by the evidence. The first three narratives are particularly problematic. PAs can reduce material poverty, but exclusion brings substantial local costs to wellbeing, often felt by the poorest. Poverty reduction will not inevitably deliver on conservation goals and trade-offs are common. Compensation (for damage due to human wildlife conflict, or for opportunity costs), is rarely sufficient or commensurate with costs to wellbeing and experienced injustices. There is more support for narratives 4 and 5 on participation and secure tenure rights, highlighting the importance of redistributing power towards Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in successful conservation. In light of the proposed expansion of PAs under the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we outline implications of our review for the enhancement and implementation of global targets in order to proactively integrate social equity into conservation and the accountability of conservation actors.","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9526471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The effects of cumulative stressful educational events on the mental health of doctoral students during the Covid-19 pandemic. 新冠肺炎大流行期间累积性应激性教育事件对博士生心理健康的影响

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000048

Vassilis Sideropoulos, Emily Midouhas, Theodora Kokosi, Jana Brinkert, Keri Ka-Yee Wong, Maria A Kambouri

{"title":"The effects of cumulative stressful educational events on the mental health of doctoral students during the Covid-19 pandemic.","authors":"Vassilis Sideropoulos, Emily Midouhas, Theodora Kokosi, Jana Brinkert, Keri Ka-Yee Wong, Maria A Kambouri","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000048","url":null,"abstract":"High rates of psychological distress including anxiety and depression are common in the doctoral community and the learning environment has a role to play. With the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic taking a toll on mental health it is necessary to explore the risk and protective factors for this population. Using data from the Covid-19: Global Study of Social Trust and Mental Health, the present study examined the relationship between Covid-19-related stressful educational experiences and doctoral students' mental health problems. Moreover, it assessed the role of attentional ability and coping skills in promoting good mental health. One hundred and fifty-five doctoral students completed an online survey where micro-, meso- and macro-level educational stressors were measured. The Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire were used to measure depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. We also measured coping skills using a 13-item scale and attentional ability using a questionnaire. The results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that specific stressful educational experiences were unrelated but cumulative stressful educational experiences were related to increased depression symptoms (but not anxiety symptoms) in fully adjusted models. Additionally, higher coping skills and attentional ability were related to fewer depression and anxiety symptoms. Finally, no associations between demographics and other covariates and mental health problems were found. The experience of multiple educational stressful events in their learning environment due to Covid-19 is a key risk factor for increased mental illness in the doctoral community. This could be explained by the uncertainty that the Covid-19 pandemic has caused to the students.","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9526475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'How Do We Trust (Again): Paranoia and Mental Health': part 1 of 2. 在UCL-Penn全球COVID研究网络研讨会“我们如何信任(再次):偏执与心理健康”(2集之一)期间，特邀嘉宾发表评论。

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100002

Emma Barkus

{"title":"Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'How Do We Trust (Again): Paranoia and Mental Health': part 1 of 2.","authors":"Emma Barkus","doi":"10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100002","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides commentary on Wong et al.'s investigation of the relationship between schizotypal traits, social mistrust and aggression, mental and physical health outcomes across three waves of data collection commencing in April 2020. The researchers aimed to consider the nature of the relationship between these variables and the stability of these relationships as coronavirus (Covid-19) restrictions fluctuated over time. Their results suggested that loneliness reflects a hub which links the trait variables of schizotypal and social mistrust to aggression and mental and physical health symptoms. Their network did not vary by demographic factors nor wave of data collection, suggesting that stable individual differences were driving results. Their results propose that interventions which increase social connection could provide positive health benefits as well as decreasing aggression (via reductions in social mistrust). Their data contributes to understanding about how schizotypal traits link to outcomes under conditions of social stress.","PeriodicalId":75271,"journal":{"name":"UCL open environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"e002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9526472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study webinar 'Alone Together: Loneliness Research and Social Health Innovation in Lockdown and Beyond'. 在伦敦大学学院-宾夕法尼亚大学全球COVID研究网络研讨会“一起孤独:封锁及以后的孤独研究和社会健康创新”期间，受邀发表评论。

UCL open environment Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100004

Kasley Killam

引用次数: 0