Translational medicine communications最新文献

{"title":"Preexisting vs. de novo antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals without or with virus infection: impact on antibody therapy, vaccine research and serological testing.","authors":"Kar Muthumani, Ziyang Xu, Moonsup Jeong, Joel N Maslow, Vaniambadi S Kalyanaraman, Alagarsamy Srinivasan","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00093-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41231-021-00093-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The causative agent of the ongoing pandemic in the world is SARS-CoV-2. The research on SARS-CoV-2 has progressed with lightning speed on various fronts, including clinical research and treatment, virology, epidemiology, drug development, and vaccine research. Recent studies reported that sera from healthy individuals, who were confirmed negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR method, tested positive for antibodies against spike and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Further, such antibodies also exhibited neutralizing activity against the virus. These observations have prompted us to prepare a commentary on this topic. While the preexisting antibodies are likely to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection, they may also complicate serological testing results. Another unknown is the influence of preexisting antibodies on immune responses in individuals receiving vaccines against  SARS-CoV-2. The commentary identifies the potential limitations with the serological tests based on spike and nucleocapsid proteins as these tests may overestimate the seroprevalence due to cross-reactive antibodies. The inclusion of tests specific to SARS-CoV-2 (such as RBD of spike protein) could overcome these limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":" ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39159536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiotype/anti-idiotype antibodies: as a glorious savior in COVID-19 pandemics.","authors":"Ahsan Naveed,&nbsp;Deeba Naz,&nbsp;Sajjad Ur Rahman","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00097-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41231-021-00097-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The idiotype network is experimentally modified to provide protective immunity against various microbial pathogens. Both internal and non-internal image-idiotype antibodies can trigger specific immune responses to antigens. The current outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-2) has provided a great opportunity to take advantage of idiotype / anti-idiotype antibodies as a protective regimen when no approved vaccine is available on earth. The current review identifies successful applications of idiotype/ anti-idiotype antibodies in various viral diseases and highlights their importance in COVID-19 pandemics. In the absence of vaccines and targeted therapies, polyclonal idiotype/ anti-idiotype antibodies against the viral structure may be a potential approach to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8380862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10732283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-II receptor 1 (AGTR1) polymorphisms and COVID-19 infection in the southeast of Iran: a preliminary case-control study.","authors":"Hamid Reza Kouhpayeh,&nbsp;Farhad Tabasi,&nbsp;Mohammad Dehvari,&nbsp;Mohammad Naderi,&nbsp;Gholamreza Bahari,&nbsp;Tahereh Khalili,&nbsp;Courtney Clark,&nbsp;Saeid Ghavami,&nbsp;Mohsen Taheri","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00106-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41231-021-00106-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic remains an emerging public health crisis with serious adverse effects. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV--2) infection, targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry. However, changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) balance alter an individual's susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. We aimed to evaluate the association between AGT rs699 C > T, ACE rs4646994 I/D, and AGTR1 rs5186 C > A variants and the risk of COVID-19 infection and the severity in a sample of the southeast Iranian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 504 subjects, including 258 COVID-19 positives, and 246 healthy controls, were recruited. Genotyping of the ACE gene rs4646994, and AGT rs699, and AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that the II genotype of ACE rs4646994 and the I allele decreased the risk of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we found that the TC genotype and C allele of AGT rs699 increased the risk of COVID-19 infection. The AGTR1 rs5186 was not associated with COVID-19 infection. Also, we did not find any association between these polymorphisms and the severity of the disease. However, we found a significantly higher age and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in patients with severe disease than a non-severe disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that ACE rs4646994 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms increase the risk of COVID-19 infection in a southeast Iranian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10743071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severe COVID-19.","authors":"Santosh Kesari,&nbsp;Gregory C Kasper,&nbsp;Lev Verkh,&nbsp;Terese C Hammond,&nbsp;Marla L Matal,&nbsp;Jay W Hammerling,&nbsp;Nikolai Tankovich,&nbsp;Adrianus P Lim,&nbsp;Kevin H Zhao,&nbsp;Tiffany Juarez,&nbsp;Roberta E Redfern,&nbsp;Jaya M Gill,&nbsp;Natsuko Nomura,&nbsp;Audrey Hiemer,&nbsp;Annie Heng,&nbsp;Jessica Shoemaker","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00098-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41231-021-00098-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41231-021-00095-0.].</p>","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":" ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39365637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of autologous non-hematopoietic enriched stem cell nebulization in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial, Abu Dhabi 2020.","authors":"Yendry Ventura-Carmenate,&nbsp;Fatima Mohammed Alkaabi,&nbsp;Yandy Marx Castillo-Aleman,&nbsp;Carlos Agustin Villegas-Valverde,&nbsp;Yasmine Maher Ahmed,&nbsp;Pierdanilo Sanna,&nbsp;Ayesha Abdulla Almarzooqi,&nbsp;Abeer Abdelrazik,&nbsp;Gina Marcela Torres-Zambrano,&nbsp;Maura Wade-Mateo,&nbsp;David Quesada-Saliba,&nbsp;Loubna Abdel Hadi,&nbsp;Antonio Alfonso Bencomo-Hernandez,&nbsp;Rene Antonio Rivero-Jimenez","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00101-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41231-021-00101-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The novel SARS-CoV-2 has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, with insufficient worldwide vaccination rates, identifying treatment solutions to reduce the impact of the virus is urgently needed.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An adaptive, multicentric, open-label, and randomized controlled phase I/II clinical trial entitled the \"SENTAD-COVID Study\" was conducted by the <i>Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center</i> under exceptional conditional approval by the Emirates Institutional Review Board (IRB) for COVID-19 Research Committee from April 4th to July 31st, 2020, using an autologous peripheral blood non-hematopoietic enriched stem cell cocktail (PB-NHESC-C) administered by compressor (jet) nebulization as a complement to standard care therapy. The primary endpoints include safety and efficacy assessments, adverse events, the mortality rate within 28 days, and the time to clinical improvement as measured by a 2-point reduction on a seven-category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital whichever occurred first.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 139 randomized COVID-19 patients, with 69 in the experimental group and 70 in the control group (standard care). Overall survival was 94.20% for the cocktail-treated group vs. 90.27% for the control group. Adverse events were reported in 50 (72.46%) patients receiving PB-NHESC-C and 51 (72.85%) in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.9590), with signs and symptoms commonly found in COVID-19. After the first 9 days of the intervention, 67.3% of cocktail-treated patients recovered and were released from hospitals compared to 53.1% (RR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.56-1.28) in the control group. Improvement, i.e., at least a 2-point reduction in the severity scale, was more frequently observed in cocktail-treated patients (42.0%) than in controls (17.0%) (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cocktail treatment improved clinical outcomes without increasing adverse events. Thus, the nebulization of PB-NHESC-C was safe and effective for treatment in most of these patients.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04473170. It was retrospectively registered on July 16th, 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8563822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9292473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Srikanth Umakanthan,&nbsp;Sanjum Senthil,&nbsp;Stanley John,&nbsp;Mahesh K Madhavan,&nbsp;Jessica Das,&nbsp;Sonal Patil,&nbsp;Ragunath Rameshwaram,&nbsp;Ananya Cintham,&nbsp;Venkatesh Subramaniam,&nbsp;Madhusudan Yogi,&nbsp;Abhishek Bansal,&nbsp;Sumesh Achutham,&nbsp;Chandini Shekar,&nbsp;Vijay Murthy,&nbsp;Robbin Selvaraj","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00102-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41231-021-00102-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate and determine the protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study conducted across five hospitals in India. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized with existing and valid medical documentation were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study comprised 3252 COVID-19 patients, of whom 1048 (32.2%) were on statins, with 52.4% being males. The comorbidity prevalence of hypertension was 75%, followed by diabetes 62.51% and coronary artery disease being 47.5%. At the time of hospitalization, statin users had a higher incidence of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue (95.8, 93.3, and 92.7%). The laboratory results revealed a lower mean of WBC count (7.8 × 10³/μL), D-dimer (2.4 μg/mL), and C-reactive protein (103 mg/L) among statin users. They also had lower mortality rates (17.1%), a lesser requirement for mechanical ventilation (20%), and hemodialysis (5.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This observation study elaborates on the beneficial effects of statins in COVID-19 patients. However, the inferences from this study should be viewed with caution due to the impending effect of confounding factors on its statistical results.</p>","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8475829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9836465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria.","authors":"Jp C Mbagwu,&nbsp;J O Olajugba,&nbsp;Paula-Peace James-Okoro,&nbsp;Obidike Blessing","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00099-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41231-021-00099-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The majority of COVID-19 research has been devoted to characterizing the epidemiology and early clinical aspects of the virus. In Lagos, Nigeria, we looked at the temporal progression of COVID-19 patients. We included 1337 confirmed COVID-19 cases in our study from February 27th to March 27th 2020. Of the 1337 patients enrolled, the median age was 50 years old, and 800 (59.83%) were male while 537 (40.16%) were female.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In symptomatic patients, the time from the beginning of signs to admission was 4 (2-7) days. Fever occurred in 217 (16.2%) while cough occurred in 211(15.78%) patients respectively. Patients were given 5-6 treatment, including nutrition support, supplementary oxygen, and antiviral medicines (e.g., Remdesivir, dexamethasone) in a limited percentage of cases. The assessed median period of infection in all patients was 10 days after the start of symptoms (95 confidential intervals [CIs]: 8-11 days). The duration of fever was slightly longer in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) than in those who were not (31 days versus 9 days, respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.003).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On day 7 after the onset of symptoms, radiological deterioration of the original picture was found in 500 (37.39%) patients. On day 13, 154 of these patients (94.5%) showed signs of radiological improvement. The average time it took for upper respiratory tract samples to test negative for reverse transcriptase PCR was 10 days (90 percent confidence interval: 10-12 days). Virus clearance was more significant in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients (<i>P</i> < 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community members should continue to adhere to the recommended methods of preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection and patients should seek care early to reduce the risk of mortality associated with the infection as rapidly as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":" ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8418277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39410272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Covera-19 know 'when to hold 'em or 'when to fold 'em? A translational thought experiment.","authors":"Gerald Dieter Griffin","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00090-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41231-021-00090-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The function of proteins depends on their structure. The structural integrity of proteins is dynamic and depends on interacting nearby neighboring moieties that influence their properties and induce folding and structural changes. The conformational changes induced by these nearby neighbors in the micro-environmental milieu at that moment are guided by chemical or electrical bonding attractions. There are few literature references that describe the potential for environmental milieu changes to disfavor SARS-CoV-2 attachment to a receptor for survival outside of a host. There are many studies on the effects of pH (acid and base balance) supporting its importance for protein structure and function, but few focus on pH role in extracellular or intracellular protein or actionable requirements of Covera-19. 'Fold 'em or Hold 'em' is seen by the various functions and effects of furin as it seeks an acidic milieu for action or compatible amino acid sequences which is currently aided by its histidine component and the structural changes of proteins as they enter or exit the host. Questions throughout the text are posed to focus on current thoughts as reviewing applicable COVID-19 translational research science in order to understand the complexities of Covid-19. The pH needs of COVID-19 players and its journey through the human host and environment as well as some efficacious readily available repurposed drugs and out-of-the box and easily available treatments are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":" ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8243045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39085844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydrolysable tannin on nutrient intake obesity and other associated metabolic risk factors in polycystic rats","authors":"F. Manzoor, M. Nisa, H. Hussain, M. Khan, R. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, Muhammad Imran, H. Umbreen","doi":"10.1186/s41231-021-00089-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41231-021-00089-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41231-021-00089-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42157441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma lipidome abnormalities in people with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy","authors":"E. Bowman, M. Kulkarni, J. Gabriel, Xiaokui Mo, B. Klamer, M. Belury, J. Lake, David A Zidar, S. Sieg, N. Mehta, M. Playford, D. Kuritzkes, A. Andrade, Elizabeth Koss Schmidt, Christopher Taylor, E. Overton, A. Willig, M. Lederman, N. Funderburg","doi":"10.1186/s41231-020-00079-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41231-020-00079-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75244,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41231-020-00079-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42410332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}